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PubMed2001

[The comparative study on ova superovulated, in vitro fertilization and rate of pregnancy at different ages].

The development of oocytes, superovulated at 28, 56 and 112 days in three mice strains (ICR, B6C3F1, and C57BL/6J) with PMSG and HCG, were examined using the techniques of in vitro fertilization, culture, and transfer of these two-cell embryos to pseudopregnant recipients. The highest numbers of oocytes were obtained from superovulated 28-day-old mice in three strains. Approximately 90% of oocytes developed to the two-cell stage after in vitro fertilization, and about 50% became pregnant through the recipients. These results suggested that donor age at 28 days had prominent discrepancy with 56 and 112-day-old mice (P < 0.01) in oocytes superovulation, and no influence on the rate of insemination and pregnancy.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in antiproteolytic activity in the blood and cervical mucus after superovulation stimulation].

The function of proteins, peptides, proteases and inhibitors of proteases in modulations of regulation mechanisms of gonadotrophins during the development of ovarian folicles has not been fully explained up to now. We can see difference reactions of ewes to superovulation stimulations in oestrous and anoestrous periods as shown by the variation of the antiproteolytic activity of blood plasma and cervical mucus. Trypsin is used as a model for serine protease, and trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) was measured from the reduced rate of trypsin hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine-4-nitroanilide (TAPA, Bartík et al., 1974). Full hydrolytic activity was determined as a change in absorbency at 405 nm = 1.0 after ten-minute incubation at 25 degrees C and pH = 8.1, and inhibition was expressed in percentage of full activity. Statistical analyses were performed by Student's t-test. Twenty-three ewes in anoestrus and twenty-eight ewes in oestrus were included in this experiment. They were of the Slovak Merino breed, two to three years old, with the mean live weight of thirty to forty kg. The ewes were treated with Ageline vaginal sponges (20 mg chlorsuperlutin/sponge) to provide for synchronization of ovarian activity, in the interval of eleven to twelve days. After removal of sponges, the ewes were stimulated for superovulation as shown in Tab. I. Heparinized blood plasma samples were stored at -25 degrees C. Low molecular TIA activities were determined in HClO4--treated blood plasma. Samples of cervical mucus were taken on cotton-wool tampons which were evaluated in 0.2 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 8.1. Figs. 1-6 shows TIA changes in blood plasma and cervical mucus on particular days. Fig. 7 shows the mean values of controls (I-initial) after synchronization (A) and after stimulation (S). TIA changes were different in anoestrous and oestrous periods. Differences in TIA changes in blood plasma and cervical mucus in oestrous period suggested certain local regulation mechanisms of synthesis and/or secretion of this activity in the cervix. Some values of TIA were maximum at the time of expected heat or ovulation and may be some of the factor(s) which influenced fertility of females after superovulation stimulations.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Superovulation and intrauterine insemination in treatment of idiopathic infertility in 202 cycles].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of superovulation with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (r-FSH) therapy and intrauterine insemination in the treatment of idiopathic infertility. METHODS: Superovulation with r-FSH therapy and intrauterine insemination were used in 202 cycles of 88 couples in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Monash Medical Centre. RESULTS: The per cycle ovulation rate and in-ovulation rate were 95.7% and 4.3% respectively, and the per cycle pregnancy rate was 11.6% with no cases of hyperstimulation. The cancelling rate was 7.4% because of the development of multiple follicles. The overall cumulative conception rate was 22.7% per patient, with 15% of twin pregnancies. There were no differences between pregnancy group and non-pregnancy group in age, BMI, treatment days, number of mature follicles, endometrial thickness and number of treatment cycles. The only significant parameter observed between the two groups was infertility time (P < 0.05), which was longer in non-pregnancy group [(30.52 +/- 13.08) months] than in pregnancy group [(24.25 +/- 6.45) months]. CONCLUSIONS: Superovulation and intrauterine insemination is a safe and more cost-effective method in treatment of idiopathic infertility.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Response related enzymatic changes in ovaries of superovulated mice.

Adult female mice were superovulated with PMSG followed by HCG and 140 blastocysts and 69 morulae were recovered from 24 mice. On the basis of the response, mice were divided into six groups; non responders, 1-5, 6-10, 11-20, 21-30 and >30 embryos. The ovaries of the animals were pooled group wise, homogenized in PBS (pH 7.4) and after centrifugation for 10-15 minutes, the supernatant was analyzed for the enzymes, guanine oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), guanine pymvate transaminase (GPT), acid phosphatases (ACP) and alkaline phosphatases (AKP). Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities did not show any variation in relation to response to superovulation but GOT and GPT showed significantly increased activity in response to induction of superovulation. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between GOT and GPT activities and the superovulatory response in mice.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1991

Induction of multiple follicular development and superovulation in the olive baboon, Papio anubis.

The objective of this study was to induce multiple follicular development and superovulation in the olive baboon. Beginning at menses, adult female baboons were treated with hMG for 10 days followed by hCG on day 11. Multiple follicular development was seen in all 19 animals; superovulation occurred in 11 of these. Serum E2 and P levels were consistent with multiple follicular and corpora lutea development, respectively. Ovulated ova were able to be fertilized. These results indicate that olive baboons can be superovulated using a regimen of hMG and hCG, however, development of antibodies against the human hormones precludes restimulation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Relation of postradiation superovulation to the development of embryos and progeny of Wistar rats].

In experiments with 470 primigravida Wistar rats and 2248 kid rats of the first generation a study was made of the relationship between the postirradiation superovulation and viability of embryos and offspring of females subjected to whole-body gamma-irradiation with doses of 1 to 4 Gy. The extent and durability of superovulation are a function of radiation dose while the superovulation itself is accompanied by an increased pre- or post-implantation death of embryos and a decreased postnatal survival of the offspring.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Superovulation after administration of PMSG in cows of various breeds].

Superovulation response was studied to i. m. administration of 2500 and 3000 i. u. of PMSG (special product Folligon, Intervet Co.) in 67 breeding cows of the Black-Pied Lowland. Slovak Pied and Slovak Pinzgau breeds within the 9th to 12th days of their sexual cycles. The time which had elapsed from these cows' last calving ranged from 50 to 150 days and the number of their prior calvings ranged from one to ten. The best superovulation effect was obtained after the administration of 2500 i. u. PMSG in the Pinzgau breed: these cows had, on the average, 13.20 +/- 2.36 corpora lutea without non-ovulated follicles. At the PMSG dose increased to 3000 i. u., the number of yellow bodies rose to 18.11 +/- 1.12 and that of non-ovulated follicles to 3.46 +/- 0.46. In the Slovak Pied breed the average number of yellow bodies obtained after administration of 2500 i. u. PMSG was 11.74 +/- 1.27 and that of non-ovulated follicles was 0.44 +/- 0.02. At the PMSG dose of 3000 i. u., the number of yellow bodies increased to 15.49 +/- 1.62 and that of non-ovulated follicles increased up to 5.12 +/- 0.81. In the Black-Pied Lowland breed the lowest response was obtained: the i. m. administration of 2500 i. u. PMSG resulted in the formation of 9.5 +/- 0.84 yellow bodies and 1.16 +/- 0.26 non-ovulated follicles, and at the dose of 3000 i. u. the respective numbers were 13.41 +/- 0.89 and 3.07 +/- 0.39. Comparing the superovulation effect in dependence on age, the response of the cows of the Black-Pied Lowland and Slovak Pinzgau breeds to PMSG administration increases until the age of nine years (from 9.79 and 13.6 yellow bodies, respectively, on the average for the first five years to 12.71 and 17.99, respectively, in the ninth year); in the Slovak Pinzgau breed it decreases from 15.83, recorded in the first five years, to 8.28 +/- 1.68 in the ninth year. The number of non-ovulated follicles grows with age in the Slovak Pinzgau breed from 3.46 +/- 0.46 in the first five years to 3.64 between five and nine years of age and up to 4.44 +/- 0.52 after the ninth year, in the Slovak Pied breed from 0.79 to 4.21 +/- 0.38, and in the Black-Pied Lowland breed from 2.69 to 3.20 +/- 0.22 between the fifth and ninth year.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

[Changes in surface follicles and ovarian weight in testing for responsiveness in dairy cows after induction of superovulation using PMSG and cloprostenol].

We evaluated the ovaries of 34 cows cross-bred of the Slovak Pied and Lowland Black-pied breeds which were culled and intended for slaughter during the winter type of feed rations. For superovulation treatment we used PMSG in the preparation Serum Gonadotropin (Bioveta, Nat. Ent., Ivanovice na Hané) and cloprostenol in the preparation Oestrophan inj. Spofa. We weighed the excised ovaries, fixed them in formalin 10% and made a quantitative evaluation of the surface follicles and differentiated them into recruited and selected or dominant follicles. We determined the concentration of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone with the aid of the 3H RIA set from the firm Sorin after extraction by diethylether with separation of free and bound hormone with active charcoal. 72 hours after the giving of cloprostenol 43% reacted positively to superovulation treatment and after seven days a 50% positive response was recorded. After a dose of 2000 i. u. of PMSG (n = 6) embryo was obtained, whereas after 3000 i. u. of PMSG (n = 8) we flushed out eight embryos, of which four zygotes were suitable for transfer. After a higher dosage of PMSG there was an increase in the average weight of the ovaries, in right-hand ovaries significantly with P less than 0.05. After super-ovulation treatment the concentration of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in the follicular fluid from follicles seven days after insemination was found to be so low as to be below the limit of detection, with the exception of four samples (mean = 8.60 nmol.l-1). The greatest concentration of E2 was from animals (n = 5) 72 hours after the giving of cloprostenol--1099.61 nmol.l-1) of follicular fluid. The concentration of testosterone was lower in the follicles of untreated cows in the follicular phase (mean = 5.92 nmol.l-1) compared with the follicles of super-ovulated animals the seventh day after insemination (mean = 14.12 nmol.l-1). The number of recruited and especially selected surface antral follicles 72 hours (n = 7) after the giving of cloprostenol and seven days (n = 8) after insemination was significantly higher in the group of brood cows reacting positively to superovulation in comparison with the animals which did not respond. It appears that the simultaneous monitoring of hormonal and morphological changes in the follicular system will help in objectivising the evaluation of the functional activity of stimulated follicles.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[Superovulation induction in donor cows using the embryo transfer method].

A total of 108 cows were gynecologically investigated. Twenty-four of them were found to be suitable as donors. These were within the range of the 40th to the 60th day following calving, were not inseminated, and had no complications at calving and over the puerperal period. Estrus was synchronized via implants (3 mg norgestomet Synchromate B, Intervet in s/c application); 8 days later the donors were injected with 3000 IU PMSG each in order to induce superovulation. On the 10th day the implants were removed, and each animal was injected with 22 mg prostaglandin F3 alpha. At the 24th hour following the onset of estrus half of the donors were injected with anti-PMSG (i/v). It was found that the capacity of cows to respond with superovulation after hormonal treatment was quite individual. The application of antigonadotropic sera on the first day of estrus limited superovulation and raised the number of fertilized ova, resp., of embryos able to be transplanted. It was demonstrated also that to shorten the period from washing the uterus up to the impregnation of the donor animals it is necessary to apply hormonal therapy and preventive measures in dependence on the functional and morphologic state of the ovaries and the sexual apparatus.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Serum progesterone concentrations associated with superovulation and premature corpus luteum failure in dairy goats.

The incidence and cause of premature corpora lutea failure and the response to luteinizing hormone treatment was investigated in superovulated dairy goats. Does were treated with 1000 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin intramuscularly, followed by either luteinizing hormone (treated group) or saline (control group). Serum progesterone concentrations were used to monitor corpus luteum function. The dose of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin used induced superovulation in a majority of the does, but the responses varied depending on the time of year. Premature regression of the corpora lutea occurred in 4 of 18 does after pregnant mare serum gonadotropin treatment, but there was no difference in the incidence of corpora lutea failure between treated and control groups. Decreases in serum progesterone concentrations were evident by day 3 after ovulation in does that experienced corpora lutea failure indicating this to be the critical time for premature regression of the corpora lutea in superovulated does.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

[Influencing superovulation in cattle with serum gonadotropin antibody].

The effectiveness of GnRH (Luliberin) and goat anti-PMSG serum prepared at the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, was studied during the superovulation of heifers treated with PMSG and Estrumate. The use of GnRH did not exert any positive influence on superovulation, as compared with the control groups,. when anti-PMSG serum was administered five hours from the determined beginning of oestrus (46-53 hours from the first administration of Estrumate), the length of oestrus was reduced in comparison with the control group (25.8 and 51.3 h), the number of 22.3). The tested heifers produced 17.8 ova, on an average, out of which (4.1 and 22.3). The tested heifers produced 17.8 ova, on an average, out of which 12.5 were good-quality embryos. The control heifers produced 6.9 ova including 2.9 embryos. The obtained results provide convincing evidence of the promising results of the use of goat anti-PMSG serum during the superovulation cattle.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Possibilities of inducing superovulation and obtaining zygotes for transplantation in sheep].

The possibilities were explored of inducing superovulation and obtaining of zygotes from ewes of the Romanov and Tsigai breeds. The pattern used of inducing superovulation included stimulation with the serum gonadotropin preparation Gravohormone applied at the rates of 750 and 1000 IU, estrus synchronization with Estrumate (ICI, England), and ovulation with the use of the choriogonadotropin preparation Gonabion (Jenapharm, DDR). With Romanov sheep both doses of Gravohormone did not affect essentially the ovarian activity--3.4 and 3.7 ovulations were induced, whereupon a total of 5 (20%) and 10 (38%) ova were obtained from all groups of 7 animals each, 3, resp., 2 only of the zygotes being considered of high quality. With Tsigai sheep a differential ovarian response was induced--3.4 and 6.6 ovulations were produced, whereupon 5 (29%) and 15 (35%) ova were obtained, 2, resp., 7 of them being fertilized, but only 2 of the zygotes being considered fit for transplantation from the group treated with 750 IU of the preparation. No substantial differences were established in the blood plasma estradiol-17 beta and progesterone content and dynamics with the two groups of Romanov sheep treated for superovulation. Results showed that the low response of Romanov sheep, the insufficient fertilization of ova, and the low percent of zygotes capable for transplantation should be further discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Progesterone and estradiol levels in blood plasma of calves following superovulation treatment].

Studies into quantitative behaviours of oestradiol and progesterone in the blood plasma of six heads of prepuberal cattle, following superovulation treatment, using pregnant-mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) have shown the oestradiol concentrations to double, as early as two days after PMSG, and to go up to ten times their original values, after another four days had elapsed. Progesterone values increased, as early as along with induced oestrus, and, consequently, suggested scatter of the ovulation process. The maximum progesterone levels reached something in the vicinity of 100 ng/ml, following superovulation, and, consequently, were far in excess of anything recordable from spontaneously ovulating cyclic cattle. Hormone analyses were continued over six weeks from induced oestrus and superovulation, with evidence being produced to the effect that no permanent cyclic activity had been introduced. All calves rather returned to their prepuberal condition.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The results of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in couples with unexplained infertility failing to conceive with superovulation and intrauterine insemination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the results of IVF-ET in couples with long-standing unexplained infertility who had failed to conceive with four to six cycles of superovulation and IUI. DESIGN: Retrospective case control series. SETTING: University IVF-ET center. PATIENTS: One hundred seventeen couples with unexplained infertility who had failed to conceive with superovulation and IUI underwent 157 cycles of IVF-ET. Results were compared with 194 tubal factor couples subjected to 250 IVF-ET cycles within the same time period. RESULTS: Total fertilization failure events were more common (20.4% versus 7.6%) and tended to be repetitive in couples with unexplained infertility. When total fertilization failure events were excluded, fertilization rates (57.8% versus 60.9%) and cumulative clinical pregnancy rates over three cycles (55.4% versus 46.5%) were similar in unexplained infertility and tubal disease groups. CONCLUSIONS: Couples with unexplained infertility failing to conceive with superovulation and IUI have a favorable outcome when treated subsequently with IVF-ET. Conception rates similar to couples with tubal disease may be expected despite a higher incidence of total fertilization failure events.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Folliculogenesis and endocrinology of superovulated Gobra cow].

During a study of folliculogenesis and progesterone profile in superovulated Gobra cows, the authors have superovulated 2 groups of 3 cows each, the first one with 32 mg of FSH during 4 days and the second with 2500 UI of PMSG. The reference heats observed with all six cows were obtained with Norgestomet implants. Superovulation responses were better with PMSG. The follicle dynamics observed with echography was stronger with PMSG compared to FSH. The progesterone profile had a variation inverse to follicle growth.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Augmentation of low ovarian response to superovulation before in vitro fertilization following priming with contraceptive pills.

Poor ovarian response to superovulation treatment is observed in a certain group of patients, the so-called 'low responders'. Despite the evolution of sophisticated controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) regimens prior to the in vitro fertilization (IVF), the ideal stimulation protocol for the low responder has yet to be formulated. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills (OCP), administered before the initiation of superovulation, on ovarian response and IVF treatment results in patients with previous 'low response' to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation. The study group comprised 42 patients who had exhibited poor ovarian response to standard superovulation protocols in at least two previous consecutive treatment attempts. Contraceptive pills were administered for 28-42 days and were immediately followed by menotropin treatment. The study group (n=50 cycles) was compared with the control group consisting of previous cycles (n=88) of the same women. Significant differences were noted in peak estradiol levels (983 +/- 739 vs. 517 +/- 249 pg/ml; P <0.01, paired Student's t test) and number of pre-ovulatory follicles between the study and the control groups. Thirty-three of the cycles (66%) reached the stage of ovum pick-up, compared with 22 (25%) of the previous IVF cycles in these women. The mean number of oocytes retrieved was 6.1 +/- 3.0 and 2.4 +/- 1.3 in the study and control groups, respectively (P <0.01; paired Student's t test). Embryo transfer (ET) was performed in 62% of the treatment cycles and resulted in five clinical pregnancies (16.1% per ET). No pregnancies were recorded in the control group. This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of OCP given prior to IVF treatment, and provides an efficient treatment modality for women who consistently respond poorly to standard COH protocols.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Superovulation induced by the administration of PMSG to mustelids].

In this paper, we have attempted to use the technique of superovulation in mustelids. Ermine (Mustela erminea) and several species of ferret (Mustela eversmanni, Mustela putorius, Mustela putorius furo [correction of hamster (Putorius eversmanni, Putorius putorius, Putorius putorius furo)] have been used as experimental models. We have conducted a detailed study of superovulation and early embryonic development in animals of these species treated with PMSG [correction of GPMS]. We have shown that superovulatory response is produced only in the right, but not in the left ovary of hormonally treated animals. Embryonic development in hormonally stimulated animals was accelerated as compared with animals that were reproducing under natural conditions. Perspectives and limitations in the use of hormonal treatment with the purpose to induce superovulation in mammals are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The biopsy of preimplantation embryos obtained from donor pigs with follicle-stimulating hormone-induced superovulation].

We have examined possible use of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for the induction of superovulation in pigs and studied the effect of biopsy of preimplantation pig embryos on their survival in vitro. Superovulation was induced by injecting FSH twice daily over a period of four days for a total dose of 25 units. per animal. Pigs receiving pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) according to the standard scheme served as the control. The experiments demonstrated that FSH produces significantly better estrus figures as compared with PMSG (100% and 60%, respectively; p < 0.05). The mean number of ovulations per donor was also better in the FSH group, i.e., 36.5 as compared with 17.3 in the control group (p < 0.05). The mean number of embryos obtained from one donor was higher in FSH treated animals as compared with the animals that received PMSG (29.2 vs. 19.3), however, this difference was not statistically significant. Biopsy of preimplantation pig embryos was conducted by a "manual" technique without a micromanipulator; middle blastocysts collected at days 5-6 after insemination were the most convenient for this operation. Embryos at these developmental stages contained a well developed inner cell mass, which allows separation of trophoectodermal cells only, thus minimizing damage to the embryo. The number of cells in dissected fragments did not depend on the stage of development, and even smallest fragments (4 blastomeres) were sufficient for genome analysis with the aid of PCR. The survival of embryos in vitro after biopsy practically did not differ from that of control intact embryos. Thus, we demonstrated the effective use of FSH for the induction of superovulation in pigs; we also determined the developmental stages which are most convenient for conducting biopsies and developed a technique for preimplantation biopsy, which allows genome analysis of embryos without any decrease of their survival in vitro.

Animals↗