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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Frontal thoracic radiography: normal criteria].

Based on a review of literature, technical and radio-anatomical criteria for normality of structure imaging in a chest X-ray are listed. Furthermore, a systematic proceeding for the analysis of chest X-rays is presented.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1993

[Kaposi sarcoma of the lungs in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thoracic radiography and scanning].

Twenty-four patients with AIDS presenting with Kaposi's sarcoma of the lung were retrospectively studied to assess the merits of thoracic radiographs and of CT for the diagnosis of this disease. Evidence for Kaposi's sarcoma of the lung was given by a characteristic fiberendoscopic appearance in 10 cases and by the histologic diagnosis in 14 cases. All patients had chest radiographs and 14 patients a concomitant thoracic CT study. Chest radiographs showed perihilar opacities in 18 patients, nodules in 8, mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathies in 2 and pleural effusion in 16. Comparison of the patients who had had thoracic radiographs and a CT scan showed better detection of adenopathies, described in 2 cases on chest radiographs and 7 on CT scans, and of nodules, detected in 5 cases on chest radiographs and 6 on CT scans. In 12 patients with perihilar opacities on thoracic radiographs, CT provided a better view of the peribronchovascular distribution of these opaque areas. In 1 patient, CT showed peribronchovascular thickening while radiographs were normal. In 1 patient, both examinations were normal. This study emphasizes the merits of thoracic radiographs and, even more, of CT for the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma of the lung. Peribronchovascular thickening appears to be a characteristic sign that is well analyzed with computed tomography. Since histological evidence of Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely obtained because of the aggressive nature of biopsies in such patients, CT has an important role for the diagnosis of this condition.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1975

[Thoracic radiography after combined resections of the bronchi and pulmonary artery with autoplastic vascular sealing. (experimental investigations)].

Changes of the X-ray picture after combined resection of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery in the animal experiment are involved by reason of topographic-anatomical alterations of the intra-thoracic conditions caused by the resection of two lobes of the lung (bilobectomy). Mediastinal hernias and distortions are most common among the alterations. In the animal experiments the circular resection of the bronchus with end-to-end anastomosis does not lead to any stenosis in the area of the anastomosis, neither are found bronchitis deformans and bronchiectasis. After plastic sealing of the arterial defect with a venous Autograft, a good function of the artery can be revealed by angiography. Deformities and stenosis cannot be found in the area of the Autograft if the postoperative course was uncomplicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary artery hypertension in chronic obstructive lung disease. The place of morphometric studies in thoracic radiography].

Standard biplane chest X-rays were tested for the validity of morphometric criteria in the diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension. Twenty-seven patients suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease were examined and compared with a control group without cardiopulmonary disease. The diameter of the right and left pulmonary artery, pulmonary conus and the hilar-to-thoracic ratio were significantly increased in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (p less than 0,0001). Measurement of the right pulmonary artery was 19.7 +/- 3.9 mm compared to 13.6 +/- 1.2 mm of the control group; mean hilar thoracic index was 0.35 compared to 0.31. Thus if the width of the descending branch of the right pulmonary artery was above 16 mm, pulmonary arterial hypertension was suggested, with a specificity of almost 100%, although the sensitivity of the diagnosis was only 59%. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure obtained by right heart catheterization correlated poorly with the morphometric criteria obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Aspects of thoracic radiography of patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection in Ivory Coast].

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the main features of standard chest X-ray in patients with concomitant tuberculosis and HIV infection. From 21 December 1992 to 21 February 1993, we compared 45 chest X-rays of HIV+patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with those of 73 HIV negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Our results revealed that extrapulmonary thoracic localizations were remarkably frequent in HIV+tuberculosis patients (57.8% versus 22% in HIV-patients; P < 0.05). Extrapulmonary localizations were frequently mediastinal lymph nodes (82.7%). Parenchymal involvement was often extensive including frequent miliary images (20% versus 38.3% in HIV-patients). Thus despite the lack of CD4 counts in our study, we were able to observe that about one half the co-infected tuberculosis patients had reached the stage of AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1987. These findings are in agreement with those reported in the literature and would suggest that thoracic manifestations of tuberculosis is a good marker of the state of immunodepression.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnostic pitfalls, artefacts and difficulties of thoracic radiography].

The antero-posterior X-ray film of the chest is still a basic examination in everyday clinical practice. It supplies multiple data but reading of the image is difficult and requires much accuracy and method. In this review paper we examine all the artefacts, pitfalls and diagnostic problems we have encountered in many years of experience, irrespective of their cause (technical, iatrogenic) or origin (parietal, intrathoracic, pleural, vascular, gastrointestinal, mediastinal, pulmonary). We consider that all pneumologists should have in mind these problems when faced with doubtful or abnormal radiographs of the chest.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thoracic radiography. Comparison of asymmetric screen-film, technic of mechanical homogenization, and conventional technics].

This study was aimed at comparing three different systems, i.e., asymmetric screen-film, mechanical homogenized and conventional techniques, in standing frontal and lateral plain radiographs of the chest. Two hundred consecutive patients with normal posteroanterior (PA) and lateral films were randomly subdivided into 4 groups. Each group was submitted to chest radiographs with a different technique: asymmetric screen-film systems (InSight HC and High Light GCA), mechanical homogenized (Tau-Gil Homogenized) and conventional high-kilovoltage techniques. The exposure values for frontal projections ranged 110 kV (InSight HC) to 141 kV (Tau-Gil), while for lateral projections they ranged 123 kV (conventional technique) to 143 kV (Tau-Gil). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two asymmetric systems as regards exposure values, High Light exhibiting higher mean values in the frontal projection (t-test p < 0.05). Image quality was studied jointly by 3 experienced chest radiologists. The observers were asked to grade, on a 3-point ordinal scale, the conspicuity of mediastinal borders, of pulmonary vessels and of selected areas of lung parenchyma (i.e., retrocardiac, retrosternal and apical regions), as well as overall image quality on the frontal projection. The statistical analysis of paired differences was performed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. The asymmetric and the mechanical homogenized techniques were much better than the conventional technique in depicting tracheobronchial tree, retrocardiac parenchyma, azygos-esophageal recess and thoracic spine (p < 0.05). The mechanical homogenized system provided best overall image quality on frontal films, being superior to both InSight HC and conventional techniques, but not to the High Light GCA system; only the frontal projection obtained with the homogenized technique was compared, no filter being available for the lateral projection. When the two asymmetric systems were compared, the High Light system better depicted vascular structures on frontal films (p < 0.05), while apical areas were better demonstrated with the InSight system, namely with lateral films (p < 0.05).

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Quality of ambulatory thoracic radiography in the child--a pilot study].

A quality control of outpatient paediatric chest X-rays was conducted in a sample of patients of one paediatric practice. During a period of eight months the technical image quality was analysed considering both diagnostic aspects and radiation protection. The quality of the 139 examined chest X-rays was inadequate concerning the collimation and focussing of the X-rays and the positioning of the patients. Exposure was estimated as average, sharpness was rated as good. In total 14% of the X-rays were not suitable for medical diagnosis. Image quality of the X-rays of infants (children younger than 6 years) was significantly lower compared to the total sample. Radiation protection standards were not fulfilled. As a conclusion from our results, improvements in outpatient paediatric radiography are urgently necessary. Quality control committees should pay particular attention in radiographs of infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Post-tracheotomy pneumothorax. Is thoracic radiography required after each tracheotomy?].

Pneumothorax complicating a tracheotomy is a rare event, but it should be clinically considered in order to the early treatment, mostly in urgent or pediatric cases. We report 2 cases in which pneumothorax complicated postoperatively the tracheotomy and required early clinic and radiologic diagnosis followed by a promptly and satisfactorily evacuated. We review the need to perform a chest X-Ray after every tracheotomy or only following those cases found to be at risk, as well some effective preventive measures.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Thoracic radiography in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. Presentation forms and clinical course].

BACKGROUND: We intend to determine the frequency of the different radiographic findings of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. METHODS: We retrospectively review the chest roentgenograms of 30 patients at admission to the hospital (group I [n = 30]), at follow-up (group II [n = 30]) and after clinical recovery (group III [n = 15]). RESULTS: Diffuse bilateral interstitial disease was the most frequent radiographic finding at admission (76.6%) and at follow-up (60%). Atypical radiographic findings were: normal chest radiograph (group I [n = 3]), nodules (group I [n = 2], group II [n = 2], group III [n = 1]), thin wall cysts (group II [n = 1], group III [n = 1]), cavitated lesion (group II [n = 1], group III [n = 1]), pneumothorax (group II [n = 2], group III [n = 1]), pleural effusion (group III [n = 2]), asymmetrical distribution of the pulmonary lesion (group I [n = 2], group II [n = 3]) and predominant upper lobe involvement (group II [n = 1], group III [n = 1]). The atypical findings were greater during follow-up (group II [n = 33.3%], group III (46.6%) than at admission (group I [n = 23.4%]). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to know the frequency and multiplicity of the radiographic findings of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in order to establish the diagnosis and differentiation from other infectious diseases or other causes of pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Asymptomatic mediastinal masses: prognosis, attitude and impact of thoracic radiography].

Mediastinal masses remain an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic problem for the clinician. Recent advances in imaging techniques and the increased use of chest roentgenograms in medical practice contribute to early screening of asymptomatic mediastinal masses. From 1965 to 1990, 290 patients with a primary mediastinal cyst or neoplasm were operated and treated in our institution. Among those, 80 patients presented with asymptomatic mediastinal masses. The prognosis of these asymptomatic lesions was evaluated and compared to that of symptomatic ones. Overall, two third of patients who were asymptomatic at diagnosis had a neoplasm, which proved to be malignant in half of the cases. A significantly greater number of patients with malignant neoplasms were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis during the recent period. The prognosis of these asymptomatic lesions appeared to be better in selected tumoral types (e.g. thymomas, lymphomas) although it was difficult to completely avoid statistical bias. Early radiological detection of mediastinal tumors could improve their prognosis in selected cases. Incidental diagnosis of mediastinal masses by radiological examination should lead to early aggressive diagnostic procedure and treatment.

Adolescent↗