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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Progressive myelopathy in a dog caused by thorium dioxide.

A study of the use of Thorotrast as a contrast media in myelograms in dogs is presented, indicating that the material introduced into the cerebro-spinal fluid, will become permanently associated with the meninges, leading to the development of myelopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Bone marrow insufficiency and hemangioendothelioma of the liver after thorotrast application: Late effects of thorotrast (thorium dioxide) in man (author's transl)].

The report details with the late effects following administration of thorotrast in two patients: multicentre metastating hemangioendothelioma of the liver respective bone marrow insufficiency developed after application of thorotrast 34 respective 36 years ago. The clinical and autoptical findings are described and attention is drawn to the relevance of this disease at present time.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Thorium dioxide granuloma of the neck: a report of four cases.

Four patients with Thorotrast granuloma are reported. The first patient had a radical neck dissection performed; however, postoperative hemorrhage and fistula occurred with a six-month delay in healing. The granuloma in this patient had totally occluded his carotid system with a greatly enlarged vertebral artery. A second patient presented with spontaneous bleeding in the neck from a granuloma followed by encephalomalacia, hemiparesis and aphasia. The third and fourth patients presented as hoarseness with a hard mass in the neck. All four patients had Thorotrast in the liver and spleen. The latter three had laryngoscopies and incisional neck biopsies as their only surgical treatment. Neck malignancy from Thorotrast is very rare. Despite legal decisions suggesting removal and similar suggestions in the literature, the authors feel only small extravasations have had uncomplicated operations. Neck dissection is rarely indicated. Hoarseness can be improved by vocal cord injection. These patients, of course, must be followed periodically as any other tumor, checking the neck mass, liver, and carotid circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pathoanatomical aspects of malignant haematological disorders among Danish patients exposed to thorium dioxide.

The Danish Thorotrast Study was recently reestablished and improved. The cohort has been reidentified and followed up, and now comprises 1003 Thorotrast-exposed patients. For all suspected haematological cases, cytological and histological material has been revised and malignant diseases have been reclassified. The numbers of cases of leukemia and other related haematological disorders were as follows: 16 acute myeloid leukemia (AML); 8 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); 1 acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL); 3 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); 4 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); 2 multiple myeloma (MM); 2 myelofibrosis (MF); 2 chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL). Except for CLL, all cases might be Thorotrast-induced. (Expected number of leukemias: < 2.5.) The findings in the German, Japanese, Portuguese and Danish studies are very similar. Some of the characteristic features include a high incidence of AML with several erythroleukemias, many cases of MDS, and a relatively low incidence of CML. In several studies of leukemia induced by alkylating agents, erythroleukemia is also described as a prominent feature. The possibility exists that a phase of relative predominance of erythroid elements in the bone marrow may be a common and not an unusual feature in the pathogenesis of these secondary leukemias. The findings are also compared with histopathological data from a Danish control group of de novo leukemia patients and from atomic bomb survivors with radiation-induced leukemia. The relative frequency of AML is higher among the Thorotrast-exposed patients than among the Danish control group and the A-bomb survivors. In contrast, low relative frequencies are seen for ALL and CML in Thorotrast cases in comparison with de novo leukemia cases and A-bomb survivors. It can be concluded that differences in relative and absolute frequency of leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome exist not only between the irradiated populations and the unexposed control group, but even between groups exposed to low-LET (linear energy transfer) and high-LET radiation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Microanalytical study of thorium 232 deposits in bone marrow and liver.

Analytical microscopy was used to study the distribution and chemical composition of thorium deposits in bone marrow and liver after injection of thorium dioxide and thorium nitrate. Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) was identified as being localized in bone marrow macrophages of a patient who had undergone cerebral arteriography forty two years ago. Large thorotrast deposits were also present in liver cells. We show that non-colloidal thorium (thorium nitrate) injected in rats concentrates in a non soluble form in bone marrow macrophages, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. These deposits of thorium associated with phosphorus can be explained by the formation of thorium phosphate in lysosomes and we demonstrate that they remain in tissue for a long time. Microanalysis was performed with ion microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis by X ray spectrometry, which can identify and localize thorium and associated elements at cellular or intracellular level.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Thorium dioxide-related angiosarcoma of the liver. Pathomorphologic study of 29 autopsy cases.

We describe the pathomorphologic features of 29 autopsy cases of thorium dioxide-related angiosarcoma (AGS) of the liver. The average (+/- SD) latent period after thorium dioxide injection was 36.2 +/- 5.2 years. Macroscopically, thorium dioxide-related AGS was divided into four types as follows: diffuse micronodular, multinodular, massive, and mixed multinodular and massive. Diffuse-micronodular and multinodular types were the most common. Histologically, thorium dioxide-related hepatic AGS was characterized by two cell types (spindle-shaped cells and polyhedral cells) and two structural patterns (sinusoidal and solid). There was no case composed of a solid pattern only. Immunohistochemically, factor VIII-related antigen was found to be positive in the endothelial cells of normal blood vessels and in the hyperplastic endothelial cells of the sinusoids, but negative in the tumor cells. Extramedullary hematopoiesis was found in both the tumorous and nontumorous areas in four cases. Erythrophagocytosis by the tumor cells was found in three cases. In the nontumorous area, varying degrees of sinusoidal dilatation with frequent hyperplastic changes of the sinusoidal lining cells were observed in all cases. These sinusoidal changes were frequently contiguous to AGS foci and were considered as a precursor change. In addition to the dominant sinusoidal changes, nodular hepatocytic hyperplasia was observed in two cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Genetically determined resistance to infection by hepatotropic influenza A virus in mice: effect of immunosuppression.

Mice carrying the gene Mx were resistant to the lethal action of a hepatotropic line of avian influenza A virus. In resistant animals, foci of liver necrosis were self-limiting, and maximal virus titers reached were much below those in susceptible animals. Resistance could not be abrogated by immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, or procarbazine, although such treatment prevented cellular infiltration at sites of virus replication and appeared to delay virus clearance. Silica and thorium dioxide, thought to inhibit macrophage function, likewise failed to abolish resistance. Regenerating liver tissue did not support more extensive virus replication than did intact adult liver.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Cholangiocarcinoma in association with Thorotrast exposure.

Thorotrast is a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide that was used as an intravascular contrast agent until the 1950's. It is retained by the reticuloendothelial system, and because it emits densely ionizing radioactivity thorium dioxide it is carcinogenic. Two patients with prior thorium dioxide exposure diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma and recently treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital are presented. Radiology, treatment, pathologic findings, and relevant literature are discussed.

Aged↗