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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Ocular toxoplasmosis: the role of retinal pigment epithelium migration in infection.

Our aim was to study the migration of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) into the retinal layer during infection of C57BL/6 mice with Toxoplasma gondii. Eyes from infected and non-infected animals were analyzed on the 60th day of infection by light and transmission electron microscopy. Non-infected eyes showed a normal morphology. In contrast, we observed free parasites in the retinal vasculature, the presence of mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (MNII) and parasites in the vasculature of choroids in infected eyes. No inflammatory infiltrate was observed; RPE cells were identified near the MNII in nuclear and plexiforme layers. RPE cells were also found on the ganglion cell layer and in the outer segments of the photoreceptor. The morphology showed that RPE cells caused a discontinuity in the nuclear and plexiforme layers. Clusters of parasites were found surrounded by RPE cells and MNII in the inner plexiforme layers. Ultrastructural analysis showed that RPE cells migrated through the epithelium into the inner retinal layers. We did not observe Toxoplasma cysts in many eyes in which pathological changes were detected. Only 8.3% of the animals had Toxoplasma cysts in the inner nuclear layer in the absence of inflammatory cells. The migration of RPE cells can be triggered by a disruption of the RPE monolayer or injury to the neural retina, as in the case of toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Choroidal neovascularization as a late complication of ocular toxoplasmosis.

Macular detachment caused by choroidal neovascularization in eyes with previous toxoplasmic infections is one possible explanation of sudden loss of visual acuity. Three patients with quiescent chorioretinal scars, presumed to be toxoplasmic in origin, developed choroidal neovascular membranes that caused sudden loss of visual acuity. In none of the three cases was there any ophthalmoscopic evidence of intraocular inflammation. In two patients, the choroidal neovascularization was subfoveal and, therefore, not suitable for photocoagulation. However, visual acuity in each of the affected eyes was only partially impaired (6/15 [20/50] in one patient and 6/30 [20/100] in the other). In the third patient, the choroidal neovascular membrane was treated with argon-laser photocoagulation. Two months after treatment, visual acuity in that eye was 6/9 (20/30), and there was angiographic evidence that the neovascular membrane had closed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Longitudinal study of serum antibody responses to retinal antigens in acute ocular toxoplasmosis.

We conducted a longitudinal study of five patients with anterior and posterior acute toxoplasmic uveitis to determine the relationships, if any, between the level of toxoplasmic activity, therapy, and serum antibody titers to retinal proteins. All patients showed increased serum antibody responses to S-, P-, or p59ag-antigen isolated from bovine retina. The titers to S-antigen tended to decrease with clinical improvement and stabilized at titers somewhat higher than normal; the anti-p59ag titers decreased in those patients treated with clindamycin and sulfadiazine and remained increased throughout the acute attack and remained increased even after the attack ended.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus chorioretinitis mimicking ocular toxoplasmosis in two otherwise normal children.

PURPOSE: To report unilateral macular lesions, mimicking toxoplasmic scars, in two children with serological evidence for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. METHODS: Case reports. RESULTS: Patients were 4 and 5 years old, with negative toxoplasma serologies and no sign of rubella, cytomegalovirus, or herpes simplex infection (TORCH evaluation). Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection was detected in both cases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by Western immunoblotting. The modes of infection were unknown; no history of symptomatic systemic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection was reported, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus serologies were negative in the mothers of the patients. Neurological examinations and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal. CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that chorioretinal scars can be an isolated manifestation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Progressive ocular toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

We studied two patients, a 43-year-old Hispanic man with a one-year history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a 34-year-old Hispanic man with newly diagnosed AIDS. Both had necrotizing retinitis that progressed to panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. Toxoplasmosis was not diagnosed in the first patient early in the course of the disease. The second patient had a history of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Despite anti-toxoplasmosis therapy, visual acuity deteriorated to no light perception in both patients. Diagnostic biopsy of the eye wall was performed on the first patient and enucleation of the globe on the second. Toxoplasmic panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis were diagnosed in each patient by light microscopy and confirmed by electron microscopy. When patients with AIDS develop necrotizing retinitis, toxoplasmosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis, along with cytomegalovirus retinitis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, and syphilitic retinitis. Unlike cytomegalovirus retinitis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, and syphilitic retinitis, however, toxoplasmosis can cause a progressive intraocular infection, panophthalmitis, and orbital cellulitis in patients with AIDS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1980

Ocular toxoplasmosis and visual field defects.

We studied 34 patients with peripapillary lesions secondary to toxoplasmosis. All patients had visual field defects corresponding to interruption of the nerve fiber layer of the retina. The extent of visual field loss increased with proximity to the disk.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Acquired ocular toxoplasmosis. A fluorescein angiography study.

A 31-year-old man exhibited a bilateral deterioration of vision over the course of 1 week. The right fundus showed the picture of a central vein occlusion, and the left of a disseminated choroiditis. Indirect immunofluorescent testing indicated a titer of 1:2048 for toxoplasmosis. Fluorescein angiography revealed a hitherto unique picture of isolated choroidal occlusions but neither a central vein occlusion nor a disseminated choroiditis. Using only specific antitoxoplasmotic therapy, the patient regained full visual acuity on both sides. The original findings and the results of a 14-year follow-up are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Reactivation of ocular toxoplasmosis after laser in situ keratomileusis].

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a safe and efficient refractive surgical procedure that provides excellent results in most cases. Several complications have been reported, most of them related to the posterior segment of the eye. Although they are quite rare, a growing number of vitreoretinal pathologic conditions after LASIK have been reported. To date no article has reported an inflammatory or infectious disease of the posterior segment after a LASIK procedure. We report a case of reactivation of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis that occurred 5 days after a LASIK procedure. Clinical outcome was spontaneously favorable after 1 month, with no loss of vision. Although a causal effect between LASIK and toxoplasmic chorioretinitis reactivation cannot be proven with a single case report, we stress the importance of dilated fundus examination in LASIK preoperative assessment: our case suggests that in the presence of preoperative toxoplasmic chorioretinitis scars, increased retinal monitoring is required.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Ocular toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis is the most common infectious cause of posterior uveitis. Although the classic presentation including moderate to severe vitreous inflammation associated with a focal retinochoroiditis and an adjacent or nearby retinochoroidal scar offers little diagnostic difficulty, numerous atypical presentations have been recognized. Here, both serologic and PCR-based analyses can be used to support the diagnosis in clinically challenging cases. Treatment decisions can be complex and need to be individualized for each patient.

Humans↗