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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Balloon valvuloplasty in congenital and acquired heart disease: morphologic considerations.

Balloon valvuloplasty has already gained its place as an alternative option in the treatment of valvar stenoses. In congenital valvar stenosis its application will be limited because of the complexity of the underlying valve deformities. Nevertheless, isolated pulmonary and aortic valve stenosis are amenable to this form of treatment. The major limitations are undeveloped arterial valve rings and valve dysplasia. In acquired valvar stenosis the main limitation of balloon valvuloplasty seems to be massive calcification of the affected valves. Basically, in both the arterial and atrioventricular position, balloon valvuloplasty splits fused commissures and fractures calcific deposits. Excessive radial pressures may cause tears of the leaflets. The potential of thromboembolic complications, therefore, warrants caution. The nature of the damage inflicted on pathologic valves almost by necessity dictates that restenosis will occur and - most likely - with a high incidence.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of valvular heart disease.

Doppler echocardiography is a relatively new non-invasive technique which provides direct hemodynamic data that is complementary to M-Mode and 2-Dimensional echocardiography. This technique allows measurement of peak flow velocity through a stenotic valve and allows accurate prediction of the pressure gradient across the valve. It is a promising technique for screening patients with suspected pulmonic and aortic stenosis. It allows quantitation of gradient and valve area in patients with mitral stenosis. Doppler techniques are also valuable in detecting and semi-quantitating valvular regurgitation. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography is accurate in evaluating patients with multi-valvular disease. Finally, Doppler techniques are finding an important role in the evaluation of suspected prosthetic valve malfunction. In summary, Doppler echocardiography offers a complementary approach for direct evaluation of intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with valvular heart disease.

Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of valvular heart disease by invasive methods.

The need for and the design of invasive procedures in patients with valvular heart disease should be based on the careful evaluation of the patient with history, physical examination, and appropriate noninvasive testing. The number of parameters measured, angiograms performed, and interventions performed during catheterization is determined by the suspected pathology and the clinical status of the patient. The ability to amend the planned sequence and number of measurements as the study progresses must be preserved, so that the most useful data to be used in patient management can be obtained. Knowledge of the limitations as well as the advantages of each technique is necessary to obtain the most accurate data and to interpret the results obtained. It must be recognized that invasive procedures will not always answer all the questions and, in fact, may raise new ones. They are, however, an indispensible part of the evaluation of patients with valvular heart disease, as most surgical and many medical decisions cannot be made without them.

Adult↗