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Results for “Tooth Demineralization”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Salivary alpha-amylase: role in dental plaque and caries formation.

Salivary alpha-amylase, one of the most plentiful components in human saliva, has at least three distinct biological functions. The enzymatic activity of alpha-amylase undoubtedly plays a role in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase in solution binds with high affinity to a selected group of oral streptococci, a function that may contribute to bacterial clearance and nutrition. The fact that alpha-amylase is also found in acquired enamel pellicle suggests a role in the adhesion of alpha-amylase-binding bacteria. All of these biological activities seem to depend on an intact enzyme conformation. Binding of alpha-amylase to bacteria and teeth may have important implications for dental plaque and caries formation. alpha-Amylase bound to bacteria in plaque may facilitate dietary starch hydrolysis to provide additional glucose for metabolism by plaque microorganisms in close proximity to the tooth surface. The resulting lactic acid produced may be added to the pool of acid in plaque to contribute to tooth demineralization.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum.

Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) nanocomplexes incorporated into sugar-free chewing gum have been shown to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in situ. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of CPP-ACP, with that of other forms of calcium, to be retained in supragingival plaque and remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in situ when delivered in a mouthrinse or sugar-free gum in randomized, double-blind trials. In the mouthrinse study, only the CPP-ACP-containing mouthrinse significantly increased plaque calcium and inorganic phosphate levels, and the CPP were immunolocalized to the surfaces of bacterial cells as well as the intercellular matrix. In the chewing gum studies, the gum containing the CPP-ACP, although not containing the most calcium per piece of gum, produced the highest level of enamel remineralization independent of gum-chewing frequency and duration. The CPP could be detected in plaque extracts 3 hrs after subjects chewed the CPP-ACP-containing gum. The results showed that CPP-ACP were superior to other forms of calcium in remineralizing enamel subsurface lesions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Protective effect of the dental pellicle against erosive challenges in situ.

The acquired dental pellicle helps prevent erosion, but the protection level is unknown. This in situ study tested whether a two-hour pellicle protects against different erosive challenges by orange juice. Subjects wore palatal appliances loaded with either enamel or dentin specimens. Pellicle was allowed to form, or not (control), on the surfaces of the specimens intra-orally for 2 hrs before the erosive challenges of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 minutes' duration. Specimens were randomly removed from the appliances after each challenge. Percentage of surface microhardness change (%SMC) was determined for the enamel specimens, and that of mineral loss and lesion depth for the dentin specimens. Enamel specimens with the pellicle showed a significantly lower %SMC, only after the 10-minute challenge. No protection was found for dentin. It was concluded that the acquired pellicle reduced dental erosion, but that this effect was limited to the less severe erosive challenge on enamel surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Ca, Pi, and F in the fluid of biofilm formed under sucrose.

Calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P(i)), and fluoride (F) concentrations are low in the whole plaque biofilm formed under exposure to sucrose. It was hypothesized that this would be reflected in the biofilm fluid, where these low values should greatly influence the de/remineralization process. Dental biofilms were formed in situ over enamel blocks mounted in palatal appliances and exposed 8 times/day to distilled water, glucose+fructose, or sucrose solutions for 14 days. While Ca, P(i), and F concentrations in the whole biofilms were significantly lower in the glucose+fructose and sucrose groups, no effect on biofilm fluid was observed, even after a cariogenic challenge. An increase in whole biofilm mineral ions was observed 24 hrs after the carbohydrate treatments were suspended, but this effect was also not observed in the fluid. These results suggest that there is a homeostatic mechanism that maintains biofilm fluid mineral ion concentration, regardless of its total concentration in the whole biofilm.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An investigation into the effect of a fluoride releasing adhesive on the prevalence of enamel surface changes associated with directly bonded orthodontic attachments.

Despite careful patient selection, decalcification still remains a problem during fixed orthodontic treatment. The advantages of a method of delivering fluoride to the area of the tooth most at risk, which does not rely on patient compliance, makes a fluoride releasing bonding adhesive desirable. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential of a fluoride releasing bonding material for preventing decalcification and to monitor its efficacy at retaining orthodontic brackets. In order to carry out the first part of the study it was necessary to devise a reproducible and sensitive method of recording the extent and severity of any decalcification. A photographic technique which fulfils these criteria is described.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1993

The hydrochloric acid-pumice microabrasion technique in the treatment of post-orthodontic decalcification.

A significant number of patients exhibit white spots of enamel decalcification after orthodontic treatment, despite the use of preventive regimes. The hydrochloric acid-pumice micro-abrasion technique offers a method for improving the appearance of these lesions where they are cosmetically unacceptable. The clinical procedure is described and the effects of the technique upon the dental structures are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Association between tension and orientation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts and exogenous collagen fibres in collagen gels in vitro.

The relationship between the development of tension in sheets of fibroblasts and the orientation of these cells and collagen fibres in collagen gels was examined. Cell-containing, three-dimensional collagen gels were established in agarose-coated Epon dies measuring 10 mm X 4 mm X 4 mm, to which pieces of demineralized tooth and bone had been attached at opposite ends. Contraction of the gel into an opaque structure suspended between the two particles occurred over 24 h and resulted in concave upper and lateral surfaces and a flat to slightly concave lower surface. Initial orientation of the fibres along the tooth-bone axis was followed by similar orientation of the cells. Gels cast without cells exhibited no change in dimensions. Release of the tooth particle after 12 or 24 h of incubation led to shortening of the contracted gels 5 min following release. This shortening was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than that of uncontracted or slightly contracted gels (1 h and 3 h incubation). Gels attached at one end only compacted around the site of attachment but did not show orientation of cells or fibres. Gels containing colcemid or cytochalasin D were only slightly compacted and did not develop tension. Collagen fibres, but not cell in colcemid-containing gels, showed some alignment; neither were aligned in the presence of cytochalasin D. These data suggest that both microtubules and microfilaments are necessary for alignment of cells and the establishment of tension between two points of attachment in collagen gels. Furthermore, they lend support to our previously advanced hypothesis that the development of tension between two points can result in the orientation of the cells along an axis connecting the points of attachment. This could provide a mechanism for the development of oriented fibre systems in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): clinical presentation, aetiology and management.

In this paper, the current knowledge about Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is presented. MIH is defined as hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors and these molars are related to major clinical problems in severe cases. At the moment, only limited data are available to describe the magnitude of the phenomenon. The prevalence of MIH in the different studies ranges from 3.6-25% and seems to differ in certain regions and birth cohorts. Several aetiological factors (for example, frequent childhood diseases) are mentioned as the cause of the defect. Children at risk should be monitored very carefully during the period of eruption of their first permanent molars. Treatment planning should consider the long-term prognosis of these teeth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

An overview of tooth discoloration: extrinsic, intrinsic and internalized stains.

The causes of tooth discoloration are varied and complex but are usually classified as being either intrinsic, extrinsic or internalized in nature. Dietary chromogens and other external elements deposit on the tooth surface or within the pellicle layer either directly or indirectly to form extrinsic discoloration. Stains within the dentine or intrinsic discoloration often results from systemic or pulpal origin, while internalized stains are the result of extrinsic stains entering the dentine via tooth defects such as cracks on the tooth surface.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Enamel microabrasion: observations after 10 years.

Enamel microabrasion has become accepted as a conservative, nonrestorative method of improving the appearance of teeth with superficial dysmineralization and decalcification defects. This article reviews the technique of enamel microabrasion using a commercially available compound of hydrochloric acid and fine-grit silicon carbide particles in a water-soluble paste. It also describes a method of combining enamel microabrasion with carbamide peroxide home bleaching. Finally, it presents the cases of representative patients who underwent enamel microabrasion (alone or in combination with dental bleaching).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Caries prevention by CO2 laser treatment: dependency on the number of pulses used.

The aim of this study was to assess the caries-preventive potential of various carbon dioxide laser conditions and to explore the effect of the number of laser pulses used. The authors irradiated unerupted human molars at two wavelengths--10.6 or 9.6 micrometers--and at 1, 5, 25 or 100 pulses. All teeth were then subjected to pH cycling simulating the conditions for caries progression. Pulsed CO2 laser-preventive treatment inhibited caries-like lesion progression by up to 87 percent. This effect was dependent on the number of pulses used, but there was no correlation between caries resistance and enamel surface morphological changes.

Acetates↗
PubMed2004

The effect of a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride liquid dentifrice on interproximal enamel remineralization and fluoride uptake.

BACKGROUND: The authors measured the enamel remineralization of dental interproximal surfaces by a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride liquid dentifrice to test its performance against that of a standard toothpaste. METHODS: In a randomized, crossover, blinded, in situ protocol, the authors fitted 19 healthy adult subjects with mandibular appliances holding bilateral, interproximal bovine enamel slabs. They measured initial abrasion levels and fluoride content. In a two-phase crossover protocol, they evaluated the percentage of surface mineral recovery, or SMR, and fluoride uptake caused by the experimental dentifrice and a fluoride-containing traditional control toothpaste. RESULTS: Abrasion depths were similar and not different statistically (P > .05). The interproximal blocks exposed to the triclosan-containing liquid dentifrice had a mean fluoride uptake that was nearly 100 parts per million (13.1 percent) greater than that achieved with the American Dental Association-accepted control dentifrice. This finding, while not statistically significant, may indicate enhanced performance of the experimental dentifrice because the initial enamel slab abrasion depths were shown to be quite uniform. Moreover, the blocks exposed to the experimental toothpaste had a 49.8 percent SMR, while the positive control blocks had an SMR of only 36.9 percent. This enhanced remineralization performance was statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show enhanced performance of a triclosan-containing liquid dentifrice in preventing interproximal dental caries. The difference in percentage of SMR was statistically significant and is likely to be clinically relevant. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: The results of this preliminary study offer evidence supporting clinicians' recommendation of the new liquid dentifrice to patients who are prone to developing interproximal carious lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Attrition, abrasion, corrosion and abfraction revisited: a new perspective on tooth surface lesions.

OVERVIEW: The authors propose updated and revised nomenclature, definitions and classification for tooth surface lesions. Their objective is standardization, clarity and clinical utility for the dental practitioner. The article presents a schema of the pathodynamic mechanisms in the formation of tooth surface lesions--three basic physical and chemical mechanisms, their interactions and their dental manifestations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The use of precise definitions will assist the practitioner in determining the etiology of various tooth surface lesions. Understanding the pathodynamic mechanisms and their many possible interactions, as set forth in the schema, will enable the practitioner to make an accurate differential diagnosis and to provide effective prevention and treatment. It also will assist dentists in communicating more effectively with their colleagues as well as with their patients. In addition, the schema helps identify areas in which future research is indicated.

Bite Force↗