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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

A clinical comparison of plaque removal performance of three manual toothbrushes.

A clinical study was performed to evaluate and compare the plaque-removal performance of a recently introduced, computer-designed manual toothbrush with that of two commercially available products; the Oral-B 40 and the Reach Full-Head soft toothbrushes. Seventy-five adult male and female subjects participated, each refraining from toothbrushing for twenty-four hours. Plaque was scored according to the Rustogi, et al. refinement of the Modified Navy Plaque Index. Following screening, the subjects were divided into three balanced groups on the basis of initial plaque scores. Each group, in an alternate weekly cross-over design, used each of the three toothbrushes. At Visit 1, each group, having refrained from toothbrushing for twenty-four hours, was evaluated for plaque before brushing for sixty seconds with the assigned toothbrush, after which plaque was again scored. At Visit 2 one week later, the same procedure was followed except for the assignment of a different toothbrush. The same procedure was employed for Visit 3. On completion of the study, the data were subjected to statistical analyses which indicated that the Colgate Precision Full Head soft toothbrush removed significantly more plaque than either of the other two toothbrushes.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Persistence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in toothbrushes and removable orthodontic appliances following treatment of pharyngotonsillitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the persistence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) in toothbrushes and removable orthodontic appliances (ROAs) in children who suffer from acute GABHS pharyngotonsillitis and the association with penicillin treatment failure. SETTING: Private practice setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pharyngotonsillar and toothbrush cultures were obtained from 104 children with acute GABHS pharyngotonsillitis before and after 10 days of penicillin V potassium therapy. Cultures of ROAs were also obtained from 21 children. The persistence of GABHS in 10 daily rinsed and 10 nonrinsed toothbrushes was studied in vitro. RESULTS: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 11 (11%) of the toothbrushes and 18 (17%) of the patients after the completion of penicillin therapy. Toothbrushes of 5 (28%) of the 18 children who harbored GABHS were colonized with the organism. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were also isolated from 4 (19%) of 21 ROAs after therapy. In vitro studies illustrated the persistence of GABHS in nonrinsed toothbrushes for up to 15 days. In contrast, the organism was not isolated from rinsed toothbrushes beyond day 3. CONCLUSION: Toothbrushes and ROAs that harbor GABHS may contribute to the persistence of GABHS in the oropharynx and may account for the failure of penicillin therapy in some cases of pharyngotonsillitis.

Child↗

PubMed1999

Clinical study on the plaque-removing ability of a new triple-headed toothbrush.

The aim of this study was to determine the plaque removing ability of a new toothbrush with a u-shaped head (Superbrush) compared to a conventional manual toothbrush (Elmex) and an electric toothbrush with a rotating head (Braun Plak control). 36 healthy volunteers, aged 6-60 years, participated in this single blind cross-over study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups (A, B, C) with 12 participants each. To obtain a plaque-free condition at the baseline, professional toothcleaning was performed in each participant. After instructions on how to use the toothbrushes, each group started the experiment with a different type of toothbrush. After 1 week of application, the Quigley-Hein plaque index (QHI) and the proximal plaque index (API) were used to assess the oral hygiene status of each participant. This was followed by 1 week of recess before each group switched to the next type of toothbrush. The duration of the study was 5 weeks. All examinations were performed by 1 examiner. Compared to the 2 other brushes, the Superbrush was more effective in removing plaque (medians of QHI: 0.84 versus 1.56 (Elmex) and 1.56 (Braun); p<0.001; medians of API: 0.69 versus 0.94 (Elmex) and 0.87 (Braun); p<0.001). The study indicated that the new toothbrush may be an effective alternative to commonly used toothbrushes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Plaque removal with the uninstructed use of electric toothbrushes: comparison with a manual brush and toothpaste slurry.

BACKGROUND: Individuals purchasing electric toothbrushes for the 1st time will mostly only have the manufacturer's instructional leaflet for information of usage. AIMS: This study was designed to simulate the 1st-time purchase and early use of an electric toothbrush with the aim of comparing plaque removal with a manual toothbrush. Secondary aims were to assess chemical plaque removal effects of a toothpaste slurry and to compare between 2 electric brushes which differed only in head speed. METHODS: A group of 16 dentate subjects participated in this single-examiner blind, randomised, crossover design balanced for residual effects. Subjects had "average" oral hygiene and had never used an electric toothbrush previously. 7 days prior to the study, all subjects received the slower oscillating rotating toothbrush under test to use at home as they wished. The test treatments were brushing with 2 oscillating rotating electric toothbrushes, a manual toothbrush and a rinse with a toothpaste slurry (3 g/10 ml water). On day 1 of each study period, subjects were rendered plaque-free, suspended oral hygiene and returned on day 5. Plaque was scored at baseline by index and area and after 30 s, 30 s (total 60 s) and 60 s (total 120 s) of the cleaning treatments. Washout periods were at least 2 1/2 days. RESULTS: Highly significant treatment differences were found between the 4 treatments because the toothpaste slurry was totally without effect. Analyses between the 3 brush treatments overall revealed no consistent significant differences. The data suggest that in the early days of electric toothbrush use, subjects perform no better than using a manual brush. CONCLUSIONS: The present study, taken with results from others showing greater benefits from the use of electric brushes, supports the idea that dental professionals should, where possible, provide advice and instruction in the use of such devices.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Comparison of the clinical effects and gingival abrasion aspects of manual and electric toothbrushes.

AIMS: The clinical effects and gingival abrasion aspects of 2 electrical tooth-brushes (Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra and the novel development Braun Oral-B Plak Control 3D) were to be compared with conventional manual tooth-brushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a cross-over study, 26 dental student volunteers participated and were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Following instruction in the use of the electric as well as manual toothbrushes, the volunteers were timed for 2 min each day to apply one electric or the manual toothbrush, respectively, during 3 experimental phases of 2 weeks. No other methods of tooth cleaning were to be performed except the one specified for the respective test period. When brushing manually, the Bass toothbrushing technique was applied. Between each test period, a recovery period of 1 week was allowed during which no oral hygiene was performed at all. At the start and the end of each of the experimental periods, the extension of plaque deposits from the gingival margin in coronal direction was assessed using the Turesky et al. modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. Presence or absence of gingival inflammation was evaluated by bleeding and probing (BOP). The extent and severity of gingival abrasions were assessed by use of a modified method of Breitenmoser et al. and adapted by Danser et al. RESULTS: The plaque-reducing effect was similar in all groups with the same cleaning regime. For that reason, the result of the different experimental phases with the respective cleaning modalities were collapsed. Cleaning with the Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra electric toothbrush resulted consistently in the lowest plaque scores when compared to both the Braun Oral-B Plak Control 3D and the manual toothbrush. Although the differences in plaque reduction were statistically significant between cleaning with Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra and 3D, they were small and of questionable clinical relevance. No significant differences in plaque reductions were found between manual brushing and any of the 2 electric brushes. Gingival abrasions were least pronounced following brushing with the Braun Oral-B Plak Control 3D electric toothbrush. However, no significant differences in gingival abrasion were encountered following brushing with the Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra electric in comparison with the manual toothbrush. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study have shown that in a group of dental students trained in manual brushing technique, where efficacy was similar with the 3 toothbrushes tested, there is no evidence of greater gingival abrasion with either Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra or 3D when compared with a manual brush.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A clinical comparison of three powered toothbrushes.

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of the Braun Oral-B 3D Excel power toothbrush (BPT), the Sonicare power toothbrush (SPT) and the Philips Sensiflex 2000 (HX 2550) power toothbrush (PPT) to control plaque and reduce experimentally induced gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two experiments were carried out in two different groups of subjects using a split-mouth design whereby the two halves of the mandible which had been allowed to develop gingivitis were brushed over a 4-week period with the test toothbrushes. Experiment 1 compared the BPT with the SPT (n = 35) and experiment 2 compared the BPT with the PPT (n = 32). The study used a run-in period of 2 weeks, which, together with the 3-week experimental gingivitis phase, represented the pretrial phase of the experiment. The purpose of this phase was two-fold: first, to enable the subjects to become acquainted with the two power brushes and for them to receive proper oral hygiene instruction, and, second, to develop a reasonable level of gingivitis on the mandible. Those subjects with at least 40% of sites exhibiting bleeding in each quadrant in the mandible at day 21 of the experimental gingivitis phase were allowed to continue with the trial. During the next 4 weeks (treatment phase) of each experiment, subjects were told to brush according to a split-mouth design, the right and left sides of the mouth being randomly allocated to a toothbrush. During this period, no rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash or flossing was allowed and a standard toothpaste (Zendium(R)) was used. After 1, 2 and 4 weeks, the plaque index (Quigley & Hein) and the bleeding tendency on marginal probing were assessed in the mandible. RESULTS: Experiment 1 showed that the bleeding score was reduced from 1.63 to 1.12 at 4 weeks by the BPT and from 1.65 to 1.26 by the SPT. This reduction was more rapid and greater with the BPT (P < 0.05). The plaque index was reduced from 2.19 at day 21-1.03 at 4 weeks by the BPT, and from 2.18 to 1.20 by the SPT. The difference between the two toothbrushes was not significant. Experiment 2 showed that the bleeding score was reduced from 1.77 at day 21 to 1.07 at 4 weeks by the BPT and from 1.75 to 1.24 by the PPT. This reduction was more rapid and greater with the BPT (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plaque index at 4 weeks (BPT, 1.09; PPT, 0.95). Data from the questionnaire at the end of the study revealed that, in both experiments, most subjects preferred the BPT. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study show that the design and action of the Braun Oral-B 3D Excel power toothbrush are more effective in resolving gingivitis than the Sonicare & the Philips Sensiflex 2000 power toothbrushes.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1998

Sonic and mechanical toothbrushes. An in vitro study showing altered microbial surface structures but lack of effect on viability.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the in vitro effects of a mechanical and a sonic toothbrush on the viability of Actinomyces viscosus, the rationale being that induction of irreparable microbial damage resulting from aggressive mechanical action or sonic energy, may inhibit or disrupt the process of successional colonization. Cultures of A. viscosus were grown to a standardized optical density and subdivided into 3 treatment groups of 20 specimens each. Treatment groups consisted of an untreated control and exposure to a mechanical or sonic toothbrush for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s. Subsequent to the prescribed treatment, samples were taken from each specimen dish, subcultured, and the number of CFUs determined. Additional samples were obtained for negative staining and examination by electron microscopy. The mean number of CFUs for each treatment group at each treatment interval were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and multiple pairwise comparisons. Results showed a significant main effect for toothbrushes (p<0.0001) and exposure time (p<0.01), but only marginal significance for the interaction of toothbrush with exposure time (p<0.055). Post-hoc tests showed a significantly greater number of CFUs for the sonic toothbrush compared to both the untreated control and mechanical toothbrush groups. Electron microscopic examination revealed a decrease in aggregation tendency and loss of fimbriae in the sonic toothbrush group. Based on the lack of morphologic evidence that would indicate cell damage and the increase in CFUs over that of the control group, it appeared that neither the mechanical or sonic toothbrushes affected cell viability.

Actinomyces viscosus↗

PubMed1998

ADRF Trebitsch Scholarship. The microbial contamination of toothbrushes. A pilot study.

Ten individuals were each supplied with a new toothbrush of the same type and brand, together with identical tubes of fluoridated toothpaste. After a three-week period, during which subjects were asked to follow their usual oral hygiene practices, the toothbrushes were collected and assayed for microbial contamination using a range of selective growth media. The total microbial load per toothbrush was found to be 10(4) to 10(5) colony forming units. Staphylococci were found on all toothbrushes and streptococci on all but one. These two genera were also quantitatively dominant. Candida, corynebacteria, pseudomonads and coliforms were identified in 70, 60, 50 and 30 per cent of toothbrushes, respectively. However, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobic rods were not detected on any of the toothbrushes. For each individual, information on variables such as toothbrush rinsing practices and post-brushing storage methods and environment was collected. No obvious relationship between such variables and microbial load was apparent but it is suggested that more extensive studies are needed, taking into account additional parameters such as age and degree of toothbrush wear and the use of pre-brushing mouthwashes.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

An intervention programme to establish regular toothbrushing: understanding parents' beliefs and motivating children.

AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To determine the benefit of twice daily toothbrushing on newly erupted first permanent molars. To investigate, through the Health Belief Model, how parents' beliefs influence the likelihood of their children brushing twice a day. To identify aspects of a toothbrushing intervention programme that can be used in general dental practice. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Schools in deprived communities in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: 461, 5-year-old children. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS: Supervised toothbrushing on school-days with a 1,000 ppm chalk-based fluoride toothpaste for two years. A school and home-based incentive scheme including toothbrushing charts, 6-monthly dental examinations and parental questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Caries increment and twice daily toothbrushing. RESULTS: In the control group, children who brushed once a day or less had 64% more caries than those who brushed at least twice a day (P = 0.001). In the intervention group this difference in caries was reduced to 16% (P > 0.05). The most significant parental belief explaining variation in twice-daily brushing was whether parents feel strongly that there is time to check their child's toothbrushing (P = 0.0001). The odds of these parents reporting that their child brushes twice daily are nearly three times greater. 95% of parents felt that toothbrushing charts would be a good way for dentists in practice to encourage children to brush regularly. CONCLUSIONS: The benefit of twice daily toothbrushing on caries development in newly erupted first permanent molar teeth is around 50% compared to brushing once a day or less. Parents' beliefs do influence the likelihood of their children brushing twice a day. Key parts of the intervention programme can be used when children attend general dental practice and would be welcomed by parents.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1995

Effects of toothbrushing prior and/or subsequent to dietary acid application on smear layer formation and the patency of dentinal tubules: an SEM study.

Dentine sensitivity is a quite common condition, associated with open dentinal tubules patent all the way to the pulp. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of toothbrushing preceded and/or followed by dietary acid application on the patency of dentinal tubules. Dentine sections were prepared from recently extracted human molars and, after removal of the smear layer, were treated as follows: 1) toothbrushing alone; 2) toothbrushing followed by exposure to orange juice; and 3) toothbrushing subsequent to orange juice exposure. All specimens were observed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a standard magnification and the patency of the dentinal tubules estimated. Results showed that toothbrushing alone was the most effective in occluding the tubules, followed by toothbrushing subsequent to dietary acid application, and then by toothbrushing prior to dietary acid application. From the results of this study it may be that in cases of dentine sensitivity toothbrushing should not precede or follow dietary acid application but be separate from mealtimes. Clinical research is required to confirm the findings of this in vitro study.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1999

Ethnomedical aspects of the commonly used toothbrush sticks in Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the botanical identity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial property of the commonly used toothbrush sticks in Ethiopia. SETTING: Research laboratories of the departments of Biology and Chemistry, Addis Ababa University between December 1993 and May 1995. METHODS: The study was performed by purchasing the commonly used toothbrush sticks from street markets in various towns of Ethiopia. Voucher specimens were collected and their botanical identity was determined following floral keys. The toothbrush sticks were ground in a mill and soaked in absolute methanol for 24 hours and filtered. The filtrates were dried in a rotary evaporator and the crude extracts were stored at 4 degrees C. The crude methanol extracts were used to test their antibacterial activity by impregnating into filter paper discs and placing on test plates of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cerues. Their lethality to brine shrimp (Artemia salina) was performed following standard procedures. RESULTS: Twenty different species of plant used as toothbrush were collected and their botanical identity determined. Crude methanol extracts of only Agave sisalana, Birbira and Hypericum revolutum test concentrations up to 500 micrograms/ml showed weak toxicity to brine shrimp. All the extracts showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus by agar diffusion method. CONCLUSION: Toothbrush sticks can be used by the vast majority of people who cannot afford buying the commercial toothbrush and toothpaste. The toothbrush sticks may be important for the oral and dental hygiene of the users and hence may be useful in decreasing dental caries. Further studies should focus on the effect of the toothbrush sticks against other common bacteria that are associated with dental diseases.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1999

Plaque removal efficacy of the V-shaped toothbrush with new designs in bristle arrangement.

Experimental bristle arrangements were applied to a conventional V-shaped bristle-design toothbrush in an effort to improve plaque removal efficacy in interproximal areas. A single-blind cross-over study was performed to evaluate the plaque removal efficacy of this new bristle arrangement by comparing it to either a more conventional V-shaped toothbrush or a flat-headed toothbrush. Plaque removal efficacy was determined by assessing the percentage of plaque score reduction following a single controlled brushing. The new toothbrush bristle arrangement had a significantly higher plaque removal percentage efficacy than both the V-shaped toothbrush (59.1% vs. 48.5%; p = 0.0092) and the flat-headed toothbrush (65.3% vs. 55.3%; p = 0.0260) in interproximal areas. These differences were also consistent with whole mouth comparisons. When the subjects were asked about their preferences for the three different bristle formats used in this study, there was no significant difference of opinion found. These findings indicated a superiority of the new toothbrush to the other two, more conventional toothbrush bristle styles on plaque removal efficacy with these study subjects, but no particular preference for bristle design.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

A 3-month comparative investigation of the safety and efficacy of a new toothbrush: results from two independent clinical studies.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of a new toothbrush featuring a novel brush head design with those of two established toothbrushes by measuring plaque and gingivitis over a period of 12 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Oral-B CrossAction toothbrush was compared with the Dr. Best InterDent and Crest DeepSweep toothbrushes in two independent, parallel-group, examiner-blind clinical studies. Each study involved approximately 100 healthy individuals from a general population. At baseline, after 23-25 hrs of no oral hygiene, oral hard and soft tissues were examined and whole mouth, marginal and approximal plaque scores and whole mouth gingivitis scores were recorded. Subjects in the two studies were asked to use their assigned toothbrush twice a day. No instruction in brushing technique or brushing time was given. After a period of 6 weeks and finally after 12 weeks, subjects in the studies were reassessed for oral tissue status, and their plaque and gingival indices were rescored. RESULTS: In each of the two studies, the tested toothbrushes significantly reduced levels of plaque and gingivitis. The CrossAction toothbrush was, however, more effective in reducing both plaque and gingivitis over 12 weeks, the differences in favor of the CrossAction being statistically significant. All the toothbrushes tested in this investigation were found to be safe with no evidence of hard or soft tissue trauma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

A clinical investigation into the effect of toothbrush wear on efficacy.

It is generally recommended that toothbrushes should be replaced after three-months' use in order to maintain efficacy. This clinical investigation employed a single-use, cross-over study and a three-month parallel-group study to investigate the effect of toothbrush wear on plaque and gingival health. Toothbrushes were artificially worn using a laboratory wear machine to simulate three months of clinical toothbrush use. Results from the single-use study showed that both the new and the worn toothbrushes significantly reduced whole mouth, marginal and approximal plaque scores from pre- to post-brushing (p < 0.0001). The new brush was, however, significantly more effective than the worn brush, demonstrating 13.4%, 11.0%, and 17.0% greater plaque reduction for whole mouth, marginal and approximal sites, respectively (p < 0.0001). Results from the three-month study confirmed this finding, with significant differences in plaque reduction (p < 0.0001) between the new and worn toothbrushes at 6 and 12 weeks for all sites. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) between the groups was also found for mean whole mouth gingivitis scores; this difference favoring the new brush at both 6 and 12 weeks. Examination of hard and soft oral tissues revealed no significant difference between the new and the worn brushes with respect to safety. It is concluded that a worn toothbrush is less effective than a new toothbrush for plaque removal and control of gingivitis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Meswak chewing stick versus conventional toothbrush as an oral hygiene aid.

This study consisted of two trials. Trial 1 compared the meswak with the toothbrush when used twice and five times a day. Trial 2 compared habitual meswak users with toothbrush users. Under experimental conditions, a significant reduction in gingivitis was found both buccally (p less than 0.01) and lingually (p less than 0.05) after using a meswak five times a day compared with a conventional toothbrush. Twice a day brushing with a meswak produced a significant reduction in gingivitis buccally (p less than 0.005) compared with toothbrushing, but lingually the difference was insignificant. There were no significant differences in plaque scores between a meswak and a conventional toothbrush when brushing was continued five times a day. Plaque scores became significantly higher when a meswak was used only twice a day compared with toothbrushing, specifically on the lingual surfaces of the teeth (p less than 0.01). Habitual meswak users showed a significant reduction in gingival bleeding (p less than 0.05) and interproximal bone height (p less than 0.02) compared with toothbrush users. The differences in plaque scores and pocket depth measurements between the two groups were insignificant. The results imply that a meswak, used five times a day, may offer a suitable alternative to a toothbrush for reducing plaque and gingivitis. However, meswak may not be sufficient for maintaining interproximal dental health when used without the support of other oral hygiene aids.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Toothbrushing effectiveness of a group of six-year-old uninstructed schoolchildren.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of toothbrushing in 124 six year-old uninstructed schoolchildren. The toothbrushing conditions were made to closely simulate the toothbrushing procedure carried out at home. The amount of plaque before and after toothbrushing was assessed using the Modified Personal Hygiene Performance Index. An overall reduction of 54.0 per cent in plaque score was observed following toothbrushing. This reduction was much more favourable than other reported studies using subjects of similar age group. However most of the plaque that remained following brushing were accumulated in the gingival areas. The highest prebrushing score and the least effective toothbrushing ability was observed among the Malay schoolchildren. The pre and postbrushing scores among the Chinese and Indians were comparable. There was no statistically significant difference in toothbrushing ability between boys and girls at this age. The children brushed their anterior teeth better than their posterior and the facial surfaces better than the lingual. The greatest percentage reduction in plaque score was observed in the occlusal/incisal areas with the gingival areas being the least accessible. The conclusions of this study points to the lack of manual dexterity of children of this age group to effectively brush their teeth and the need for proper parental supervision in assisting them to carry out the toothbrushing procedure.

Child↗

PubMed1993

Laboratory evaluations of interproximal access of two differently bristled manual toothbrushes.

The Colgate Rippled Bristles toothbrush was compared to the Oral-B 40 toothbrush using a laboratory device which simulates horizontal and vertical brushing movements under pressures of 250, 500 and 750 grams. Interproximal access was determined by measuring the width of the brushing stroke on pressure-sensitive paper surrounding anterior or posterior tooth shapes. The Colgate Rippled toothbrush was consistently superior to the Oral-B 40 toothbrush in accomplishing interproximal access in the laboratory tests performed here. On anterior-shaped teeth, the superiority (p < 0.05-0.01) was evident at all pressures tested, with both horizontal and vertical brushing movements. On posterior tooth shapes the Colgate Rippled toothbrush was superior (p < 0.01) to the Oral-B 40 toothbrush at all brushing weights and with both vertical and horizontal motions. When total interproximal access efficacy means were calculated for all brushing weights, the Colgate Rippled toothbrush was superior (p < 0.05-0.01) to the Oral-B 40 toothbrush on both anterior and posterior tooth shapes in the vertical and horizontal brushing motions.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1993

Dental plaque removal in adults using a newly developed, 'Concept 45 degrees' toothbrush.

A two by two factorial designed study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the newly designed 'Concept 45 degrees' toothbrush on removal of dental plaque, to a standard conventional toothbrush using either the roll technique or the Bass technique of toothbrushing. One hundred male soldiers, aged 21-22 years were stratified into four balanced groups according to baseline plaque scores obtained from a pretest period. They received oral prophylaxis and were randomly assigned into one of the four experimental groups: (a) standard conventional toothbrush with the roll technique, (b) standard conventional toothbrush with the Bass technique, (c) the 'Concept 45 degrees' toothbrush with the roll technique, and (d) the 'Concept 45 degrees' with the Bass technique. The results showed that the 'Concept 45 degrees' toothbrush using the Bass technique removed dental plaque more effectively than the standard conventional toothbrush with either technique.

Adult↗