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PubMed1983

A national survey of performance objectives of physician's assistant training programs.

A nationwide survey of physician's assistant (PA) training programs was carried out to determine the performance expected of students upon graduation. A list of tasks reflecting primary medical care problems was sent to PA program directors asking whether they expected their graduates to be able to perform the task, only to know about the task, or neither to be able to perform nor to have knowledge of the task. The results indicated that all students were expected to perform a history and physical examination. Almost all of the program directors expected students to establish a working diagnosis for the most common problems and to formulate a management plan for many of them. Extensive skills in patient education and counseling were expected. There was considerable congruence among the directors in performance expectations of students. The expected performance of the PA student by graduation emerged as comprehensive and not merely technical.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1976

Use of problem-oriented medical record in psychiatry: a survey of university-based residency training programs.

A survey of university-based psychiatric residency training programs revealed that nearly one-half of them use the problem-oriented medical record (POMR) and that conversion to this system appears to be growing rapidly. Experiences with the method have in general been positive. The author identifies factors associated with successful operation of the POMR and suggests that an integrated, hospital-wide adoption of the system may be crucial.

Hospitals, University↗
PubMed1987

The total assessment of rheumatoid polyarthritis--evaluation of a training program for physiotherapists and occupational therapists.

We evaluated a training program for physiotherapists and occupational therapists in the total assessment of patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis. Close agreement was seen between the active joint counts of the rheumatologists and 36 therapists (p2 = 0.23). In the 7 quality variables for bedside case workups, a statistically significant learning effect was seen over the 6 week period (p2 = less than 0.005). In the 10 quality variables for the case presentations at Week 6, judged at the graduate medical trainee level, mean global scores achieved were 72.5%. Therapists reported a high level of satisfaction with all components of the program.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Comparative studies on fast muscle myosin light chains after different training programs.

Fast muscle myosin of guinea pigs exposed to different training programs was examined by means of SDS gel electrophoresis. The percentile distribution of the light chains was calculated. Training at 0.7 m/s and 5 degrees slope 20 min per day for 30 days caused a significant decrease in the DTNB light chains and a significant increase in the A2 light chains compared to the control group. In contrast, training at 0.4 m/s and 45 degrees slope caused a significant increase in the DTNB light chains and a significant decrease in the A2 light chains. These changes can be interpreted as a combination of muscle transformation and a shift of myosin isoenzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A survey of Canadian rheumatology training programs, 1968 to 1978.

The committee on manpower of the Canadian Rheumatism Association retrospectively surveyed Canadian rheumatology training programs for the period 1968 to 1978. There were 133 trainees during that period, who accounted for a total of 201 trainee-years. Most trainee-years were taken up by first-year trainees, especially in the first half of the decade under study. Although three training centres accounted for two thirds of all the trainee-years, there was a progressive increase in the proportion of trainees attending other centres. The majority of trainees were Canadian medical graduates. More than one third of the alumni of these programs held full-time academic positions, and more than three quarters had some academic affiliation. One third were spending at least half of their professional time in teaching and research, but only 71 were spending half or more of their practice time in rheumatology in Canada. The remainder had established residence abroad or were spending at least half of their practice time in areas other than rheumatology. The rapid expansion of Canadian training programs has not been paralleled by a proportionate increase in rheumatologic manpower in Canada.

Canada↗
PubMed1977

Inservice pharmacy technician training program.

The development and implementation of a two-month inservice training program for hospital pharmacy supportive personnel is discussed. A task-oriented approach was used to define the instructional objectives of the program. To emphasize the job-related nature of the instruction, conferences and workshops were selected as the primary teaching methods. A specific instructional plan was designed for drug conferences, giving the trainee an active role in the learning of drug names and dosage forms. On-the-job experience, comprising 30% of the training time, gradually was incorporated into the program. Staff pharmacists and supervisors assumed the teaching responsibilities. During weekly evaluation sessions with each trainee, the coodinator discussed the trainee's performance, pin-pointed deficiencies and suggested means of improvement. The benefits of the program, in terms of selection and sequence of instructional programs, student assessment and program evaluation, are discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1983

Effects of three combinations of plyometric and weight training programs on selected physical fitness test items.

To determine the effects of prescribed training programs on 5 physical fitness test items, each of 50 high school boys participated for 10 wk. in one of three programs (wrestling, softball, and plyometrics; weight training; and weight training and plyometrics). (a) On the sit-ups, 40-yd. dash, vertical jump, and pull-ups, each group improved significantly from pre- to posttest. (b) On the shuttle run, none of the groups improved significantly from pre- to posttest. (c) On the vertical jump, groups had a significant effect, but the interaction was nonsignificant. No effects were significant.

Baseball↗
PubMed1992

Psychomotor disturbances in psychiatric patients as a possible basis for new attempts at differential diagnosis and therapy. V. Evaluation of psychomotor training programs in depressed patients.

Parts I-III of this series used psychometric assessment of motor performance in psychiatric patients and indicated a "psychotic-motor syndrome" (PMS) in schizophrenic and affective psychoses, which was not found in "neurotic"/reactive or healthy persons. Part IV yielded signs of concomitant brain dysfunction in these patients, demonstrated by EEG mapping as well as other (SPECT/PET) neuroimaging methods. Apart from this "basic science" interest into the pathophysiology of endogenous psychoses we engaged in the development of motor training programs using the PMS as "target" syndrome. We hypothesized, that motor training would not only improve disturbed motor behaviour, but ameliorate other symptoms of psychopathology also. These assumptions were supported in the first two independent studies involving n = 45 and n = 31 ICD-9 mono- and/or bipolar endogenous depressed patients, respectively (the studies on schizophrenic patients being reported finally as part VI of this series, along with the final version of our modified motor test battery). Examples of the motor training programs are provided in this paper, although the final version of the complete programs will be published separately for space reasons and for better availability for routine clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alberta's suicide prevention training programs: a retrospective comparison with Rothman's developmental research model.

Developmental research is used to transform existing knowledge into applied programs. A social research and development (R&D) method, developed by Rothman for the human service professions, is compared with the method used to develop the Suicide Prevention Training Programs in Alberta, Canada. A retrospective review compares the development of these programs, which have since been implemented both nationally and internationally, with Rothman's model; discusses social R&D as a transformation methodology; and draws conclusions about the probable success of using developmental research methods in the human services. The review finds that the Alberta method closely paralleled the phases of Rothman's model. Results show that the transformation of knowledge about suicide into widely disseminated suicide prevention training programs can be attributed to the application of social R&D principles. The study concludes that the use of developmental research methods to establish human service programs should increase the probability of their success.

Alberta↗
PubMed1983

Preemployment multiphasic screening in an urban manpower training program.

Preemployment health examinations have long occupied a central role in industrial medicine, providing company physicians with baseline health status and physical limitations for each employee. We evaluated a similar multiphasic screening examination in 662 young, minority applicants to an urban manpower training program. Resulting from this screening was a substantial number of patients with positive serology (1%), positive gonorrhea cultures (3%), excessive daily ethanol ingestion associated with liver enlargement (13%), decreased visual acuity (24%) and dental caries (23%). These findings are markedly different than those reported for preemployment screening in industry, suggesting the need for a specific health screening protocol for applicants to manpower training programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A survey of pediatric resident training programs 5 years after the Task Force report.

Twenty-nine pediatric residency training programs responded to a survey with detailed descriptions of the scheduled rotations before and after the Report of the Task Force on Pediatric Education. This survey documented some changes in the overall structure of residency programming in that all programs demand 3 years of general pediatric training. Little if any changes were noted in the traditional emphasis on inpatient and neonatal training. Some changes in content area have been noted, namely a modest increase in the experiences in adolescent medicine. The survey failed to demonstrate any trend indicating increased emphasis on training experiences in the "new morbidity."

Curriculum↗
PubMed1987

[Computer-assisted training programs in aphasia therapy].

This article shows how aphasic patients can use computer-aided training programs that enable them to train the language more or less independently apart from speech therapy. The computer offers help or feedback the moment it is asked for. The patient evaluates this as a mature method of therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

An analysis of the physical punishment component of a parent training program.

One component of a well-researched, standardized parent training program is to spank children for escape from time-out. The contribution of the spanking component to compliance acquisition in a clinic analog setting was evaluated. Time-out duration and child disruption at time-out release were balanced across spank and no-spank ("barrier") conditions. Sixteen noncompliant, clinic-referred pre-school children participated. The data indicated that both spank and barrier procedures were equally effective at increasing compliance ratios. Physical punishment did not appear to be a critical component. Given prior research, it was concluded that the enforcement of a minimum time-out duration is critical for compliance acquisition within the analog setting.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1990

Reference equations used to predict pulmonary function. Survey at institutions with respiratory disease training programs in the United States and Canada.

Adult respiratory disease training programs in the United States and Canada were surveyed to determine which reference equations were used to predict normal pulmonary function and how ethnic differences were approached. Replies from 139 of the 180 (77.2 percent) institutions surveyed were received and evaluated. Surprisingly few studies account for most of the equations in use: three studies account for 85 percent of the spirometric equations, two for 83 percent of the lung volume equations and five for 84 percent of the diffusing capacity equations. Although there are no definite data, the form of many of the replies suggests that equipment default settings may influence the selection process. Of those responding to the ethnic difference question, 53 percent of institutions applied no correction for ethnic differences. There was no consistent pattern to the method of correction among those who did.

Canada↗
PubMed1988

Carotid endarterectomy in a general surgical training program.

Concern regarding the quality of surgical treatment performed within resident training programs and the need for direct, active involvement of the attending surgeon have been issues of interest to surgeons and the public. To provide specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular disease, vascular surgical fellowships have been established. In institutions with established vascular fellowships, one may question whether general surgical residents or vascular surgical fellows should perform carotid endarterectomies. The majority of carotid reconstructive procedures are performed at our institution by the chief general surgical resident under direct supervision. We elected to review our experience with surgical treatment of the carotid artery in an effort to examine the safety of this practice. The record of all patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy or reconstruction from April 1980 to July 1984 were reviewed. One hundred and twenty-nine patients who underwent 153 reconstructions of the carotid artery constituted the study group. The indication for operation was symptomatic carotid atheromatous disease in 96 and asymptomatic disease in 57. Ninety-three per cent of the procedures were performed by the chief general surgical resident under the supervision of one attending surgeon. Although the incidence of associated systemic problems (hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease) was significant in the study group, postoperative cardiovascular and cranial nerve and central neurologic deficits were 1.3 per cent, respectively, with no operative mortality. At our institution, the performance of carotid endarterectomy under close supervision provides an excellent context in which the resident in training may learn precise and careful dissection of the tissue and arterial repair. The need for formal vascular surgical fellowships to develop proficiency in judgment, technique and management of vascular disease is not questioned. However, as a learning experience for the general surgical resident, we believe this practice is both safe and effective, and a high standard of patient care is not compromised.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1990

Anthropometry and knee exertion injuries incurred in a physical training program.

Factors causing predisposition to knee exertion injuries were sought by means of a questionnaire and detailed anthropometric measurements in 39 Finnish Army conscripts picked from a random sample of 56 army conscripts. The subjects consisted of two groups of 18- to 23-year-old conscripts; Group A comprised 29 subjects without knee exertion injuries and Group B 10 subjects who had experienced knee exertion injuries during the physical training program of the first eight weeks of military service. In Group A the physical activity level preceding the military service was somewhat higher than in Group B. In Group B the skeletal dimensions were longer and the body fat percentage was higher than in Group A. We conclude that big size of the subjects predisposed to knee exertion injuries during the training program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A laboratory medicine residency training program that includes clinical consultation and research.

We describe a laboratory medicine residency training program that includes ongoing interaction with both clinical laboratories and clinical services as well as significant research experience. Laboratory medicine residents serve as on-call consultants in the interpretation of test results, design of testing strategies, and assurance of test quality. The consultative on-call beeper system was evaluated and is presented as an effective method of clinical pathology training that is well accepted by the clinical staff. The research component of the residency program is also described. Together, these components provide training in real-time clinical problem solving and prepare residents for the changing technological environment of the clinical laboratory. At the completion of the residency, the majority of the residents are qualified laboratory subspecialists and are also capable of running an independent research program.

Chemistry, Clinical↗