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PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic findings of tuberculous thyroiditis in a patient with Behçet's syndrome.

We report a case of tuberculous thyroiditis in a woman with Behçet's syndrome. The initial physical examination in May 1998 revealed multiple soft, nontender, mobile lymph nodes, each measuring less than 1 cm, in the left lower internal jugular chain. Sonography performed in February 2000 showed multiple small (< 1 cm), oval lymph nodes, each with an intact fatty hilum, in the left lower internal jugular chain; the thyroid gland appeared normal. Follow-up sonography 6 months later showed multifocal, heterogeneous, hypoechoic lesions with ill-defined margins in both lobes of the thyroid and several small, oval lymph nodes, each with an intact fatty hilum, in the left lower internal jugular chain. Fine-needle aspiration was performed on the largest thyroid lesion, and cytologic analysis of the aspirate revealed a small number of epithelioid histiocytes in a necrotic background, which was suggestive of tuberculosis. Follow-up sonography after 3 months of antituberculosis chemotherapy showed that the thyroid lesions had resolved.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Tuberculous abscess of the thyroid gland: a report of two cases.

Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is very rare, with an acute abscess formation being the least common form of presentation. We report the sono-graphic features of two cases of tuberculous thyroid abscess that were confirmed via ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Addison's disease due to tuberculosis in a 13-year-old girl.

A 13-year-old girl developed Addison's disease during antituberculous therapy for presumed tuberculous ventriculitis. CT of the abdomen showed diffusely enlarged hypodense adrenals and a hypodense lesion in the lower pole of the left kidney. Biopsy of the renal lesion revealed caseating and noncaseating granulomas.

Addison Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in a case of adrenal tuberculosis and acute Addison's disease.

A case of adrenal tuberculosis with acute Addison's disease is presented. The case showed diagnostic and therapeutic problems, the latter concerning the untoward effects due to metabolic interferences and pharmacologic interactions among antitubercular drugs, substitutive corticosteroid therapy and hepatic metabolism. The side-effects, interactions and metabolism of drugs used during the course of disease are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

The endocrinology of adrenal tuberculosis: the effects of tuberculosis on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and adrenocortical function.

Tuberculosis may affect many of the endocrine glands including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and adrenals. The most commonly involved endocrine organ in tuberculosis is the adrenal gland. Adrenal glands may be directly or indirectly affected by tuberculosis. Tuberculous Addison's disease is still an important cause of primary adrenocortical insufficiency particularly in the developing countries. Recent improvements in imaging techniques and modern endocrinological tests for the investigation of adrenal function have given us greater insight into the endocrinology of adrenal tuberculosis. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is also involved in tuberculosis and recent findings revealed that HPA axis is activated rather than underactivated in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Activated HPA axis in tuberculosis causes increased cortisol secretion which results in a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance towards Th2. T cell dysfunction due to high cortisol and low DHEAS levels may be responsible for immunologically-mediated tissue damage in tuberculosis. In this review, recent findings concerning the adrenocortical function, radiological changes in adrenal glands and HPA axis involvement in tuberculosis are discussed.

Addison Disease↗