PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “UROLOGIC DISEASES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Controlled prevention of post-operative thrombosis in urological diseases with depot heparin.

The frequency of venous thrombosis after urological operation was investigated by means of iodine fibrinogen in 65 patients chosen at random. 34 patients were treated with depot heparin (Calciparin). Out of 31 patients, 18 (58%) presented an increase of the fibrinogen radioactivity. Moreover, these 18 untreated patients presented clinical signs of thrombosis. On the other hand, the fibrinogen radioactivity was increased in 4 patients (12%) of the Calciparin group. Comparison of the results of the control group and the experimental group is quite significant. The advantage of the prevention of thrombosis is more obvious in longer lasting operations.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed2002

Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in kidney and urologic disease.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Three PPAR isoforms, designated PPAR-alpha, beta/delta and -gamma, have been identified and were initially investigated in the tissues along urinary tract because of their known role in regulating lipid-activated gene transcription, lipid metabolism, inflammation and cell proliferation and differentiation. Gene distribution studies suggested that 3 PPAR isoforms are differentially expressed in the kidney. PPAR-alpha is predominantly expressed in renal proximal tubules and medullary thick ascending limbs. PPAR-gamma is mainly localized in renal medullary collecting duct with lower expression in renal glomeruli and renal microvasculature. Unlike PPAR-alpha and -gamma, PPAR-beta/delta is ubiquitously expressed in every segment along the nephron. In ureter and urinary bladder, all PPAR isoforms are mainly localized in urothelium of ureter and bladder. The emerging data have suggested physiological and pathophysiological roles of PPARs in tissues along urinary tract. PPAR-alpha plays a major role in triggering fatty acid utilization and the adaptive response to dietary lipids in the kidney. PPAR-beta/delta contributes to cell survival of renal interstitial cell in medullary hyperosmality. PPAR-gamma is involved in regulating renal hemodynamic and water and sodium transport. Furthermore, it also participates in the pathogenesis of glomerulopathy, antidiabetic thiazolidinedione-related water and sodium retention and renal, bladder and prostate carcinomas. PPARs may serve as potential therapeutic targets for certain diseases along urinary tract including glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy and kidney, prostate and bladder tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Report of the American Foundation for Urologic Disease (AFUD) Thought Leader Panel for evaluation and treatment of priapism.

PURPOSE: Patients with priapism often develop permanent erectile dysfunction and personal sexual distress. This report is intended to help educate the public by reviewing the varied definitions and classifications of priapism and limited literature reports of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of priapism. The AUA priapism guidelines committee is responsible for creating consensus as to appropriate individual patient management of priapism by physicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel, consisting of 19 thought leaders in priapism, was convened by the Sexual Function Health Council of the American Foundation for Urologic Disease to address pertinent issues concerning the role of the urologist, primary care providers and other health care professionals in the education of the public regarding management of men with priapism. The panel utilized a modified Delphi method and built upon the peer review literature on priapism. RESULTS: The Thought Leader Panel recommended adoption of the definition of priapism as a pathological condition of a penile erection that persists beyond or is unrelated to sexual stimulation. Priapism is stressed to be an important medical condition that requires evaluation and may require emergency management. The classification system is categorized into ischemic and non-ischemic priapism. Essential elements of the ischemic classification are the inclusion of: (i) clinical characteristics of pain and rigidity; (ii) diagnostic characteristics of absence of cavernosal arterial blood flow; (iii) pathophysiological characteristics of a closed compartment syndrome; (iv) a time limit of 4 h prior to emergent medical care; and (v) a description of the potential consequences of delayed treatment. Essential elements of the non-ischemic classification are the inclusion of: (i) clinical characteristics of absence of pain and presence of partial rigidity; (ii) diagnostic and pathophysiological characteristics of unregulated cavernosal arterial inflow; and (iii) the need for evaluation but emphasizing the lack of a medical emergency. The panel recommended adoption of a rational management algorithm for the assessment and treatment of priapism where the cornerstone of initial assessment includes a careful clinical history, a focused physical examination and selected laboratory and/or radiologic tests. The panel recommended that specific criteria and clinical profiles requiring specialist referral should be identified. The panel further recommended that patient (and partner) needs and education concerning priapism should be addressed prior to therapeutic intervention, however only in the case of chronic management or post acute presentation evaluation should this delay intervention. Treatment goals to be discussed include management of the priapism with concomitant prevention of permanent and irreversible erectile dysfunction and associated psychosocial consequences. The panel recommended that when specific therapies for priapism are required, a step-care treatment approach based upon reversibility and invasiveness should be followed. CONCLUSIONS: The Thought Leader Panel calls for research to expand our understanding of the prevalence and diagnosis of priapism and education to create awareness among the public of the potential urgency of this condition. Critical areas to be addressed include the multiple pathophysiologies of priapism as well as multi-institutional trials to objectively assess safety and efficacy in the various treatment modalities.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of urological diseases].

The diagnostic possibilities of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were evaluated in 2393 patients. The diagnostic value was 97.2%. DSA is contraindicated via the subclavian vein in children, inadequate preparation of the patients, vein abnormalities. The informative value was 92% in vasorenal hypertension, 100% in renal abnormalities, 85% in renal tumours. Intravenous DSA may be a screening method in the diagnosis of hypertension of unclear etiology, abnormalities of the upper urinary tract, while in tumours, especially of small size, DSA is a supplementary method to ultrasound and CT. The method is of economic importance.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1982

[Urological diseases during pregnancy].

Pyelonephritis and urinary calculi are the most frequent urological complications during pregnancy. They are followed by injuries of the urinary system during birth or in connection with multiple traumas in traffic accidents. Kidney transplantation or permanent urinary diversion (Ileum- or Colon-Conduit) are not an absolute obstacle for pregnancies when closely followed. Problematic for mother and child is the coincidence of pregnancy and malignant tumours. In that case good cooperation among the different specialities is necessary. This study provides a concept for the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Knowledge of adequate methods of examination and modern techniques and a timely treatment meeting the demands of the situation prevent complications and sequelae of the pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1981

[Experience with argon laser in urological diseases (author's transl)].

The application of the Argon laser in urology has proved to be effective in resecting recurrent, exophytic urothelial tumors of the bladder up to the size of a raspberry. In cases of wide spread bladder tumors we only perform a radiation of the resected area as local recurrence prophylaxis following transurethral resection. The urethroscopic Argon laser irradiation makes laser urethrotomy and evaporisation of urethral strictures possible. Furthermore, a curative and conservative treatment of urethral tumors is possible in combination with chemotherapy. The same applies for the penis carcinoma. Urethral ruptures are also successfully treated by urethroscopic laser recanalization. A determination of the ureteral submucosal course, which may allow a prognosis about the probable maturation, is possible in cases of cystoureteral reflux with the help of laser diaphanoscopy.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Transabdominal ultrasonography for detection of urologic diseases in the general health check].

From August, 1989 to December, 1992, 11,386 individuals consisting of 6,981 males and 4,405 females were examined in the general health check at Mito Saiseikai general hospital. Occult blood in dipstick urinalysis was detected in 190 of 6,981 males (2.7%) and 503 of 4,405 females (11.4%). Two renal cell carcinomas and ten bladder carcinomas were found out, but prostatic carcinoma could not be found out. None of these tumors were symptomatic. Two renal cell carcinomas, of which all patients had negative occult blood, were confirmed by computed tomography and angiography. Revealing the locally-confined tumor (Stage I) in the radiologic study, both tumors were resected with radical nephrectomy, and the pathological specimens showed pT2pNOpVO in both tumors. Of 10 bladder carcinomas seven transitional cell carcinomas, of which 6 patients had negative occult blood and one had positive occult blood, were confirmed by cystoscopy and TUR-BT. All of them were low-grade and low-stage tumors. Other three bladder carcinomas were detected by ultrasonography and cystoscopy, but these patient rejected TUR-BT. All of them had negative occult blood. We consider that the transabdominal ultrasonography is a very useful test for detecting the early stage of renal cancer and superficial bladder cancer. We recommend that transabdominal ultrasonography involving the kidney and the lower urinary tract should be performed in the general health check.

Adult↗