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PubMed2002

Female genital cutting in southern urban and peri-urban Nigeria: self-reported validity, social determinants and secular decline.

Despite growing public resistance to the practice of female genital cutting (FGC), documentation of its prevalence, social correlates or trends in practice are extremely limited, and most available data are based on self-reporting. In three antenatal and three family planning clinics in South-west Nigeria we studied the prevalence, social determinants, and validity of self-reporting for FGC among 1709 women. Women were interviewed on social and demographic history, and whether or not they had undergone FGC. Interviews were followed by clinical examination to affirm the occurrence and extent of circumcision. In total, 45.9% had undergone some form of cutting. Based on WHO classifications by type, 32.6% had Type I cuts, 11.5% Type II, and 1.9% Type III or IV. Self-reported FGC status was valid in 79% of women; 14% were unsure of their status, and 7% reported their status incorrectly. Women are more likely to be unsure of their status if they were not cut, or come from social groups with a lower prevalence of cutting. Ethnicity was the most significant social predictor of FGC, followed by age, religious affiliation and education. Prevalence of FGC was highest among the Bini and Urhobo, among those with the least education, and particularly high among adherents to Pentecostal churches; this was independent of related social factors. There is evidence of a steady and steep secular decline in the prevalence of FGC in this region over the past 25 years, with age-specific prevalence rates of 75.4% among women aged 45-49 years, 48.6% among 30-34-year olds, and 14.5% among girls aged 15-19. Despite wide disparities in FGC prevalence across ethnic, religious and educational groups, the secular decline is evident among all social subgroups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[How is breast-feeding valued in the urban and semi-urban Central African milieu?].

Efforts have been made for several years to promote the use of breast milk by mothers. This is important for mothers in developing countries faced with economic problems, especially for those tempted by milk substitutes. Fortunately, BF (breast feeding) is used by a majority of women in these developing countries, its practice is often influenced by an early introduction of supplements. Why this early supplementation? In order to answer this question we performed this study, a transversal survey of mothers in neonatal period in a regional town and the capital of Central Africa. The compilation of data of this seven month study, carried out in four maternities and nine SMI centers, was carried out from a pre-established questionnaire. This allowed us to obtain the following results. We interrogated 734 mothers of newborn babies aged between 14 and 45 years, including 534 in Bangui and 200 in Bossangoa. Breast feeding was chosen by 96.5% of mothers, however exclusive breast feeding was only carried out by 17% of mothers. Feeding on demand was widely spread both in Bangui (92.7%) and in Bossangoa (92%). Breast milk was the first food received at birth by 84.5% of newborn babies. At the neonatal period, water supplementation was more frequent (78.1%, including 23% at birth) than that of solid or semi-liquid food (6.2%). The value given to breast milk was just nutritional, its other virtues were not well known. Conclusion, In breast mil remains the food of choice in our country. However, its practice suffers from much ignorance. An effort should be made to heighten awareness and give milk its due worth.

Adolescent↗