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PubMed1993

The rheumatic patient's early needs and expectations.

During the last few years, studies have revealed that the need for psychosocial support and concrete social services are great in the early stages of the treatment of rheumatic diseases. The ability to keep a job, to do household chores, to participate in leisure activities and to maintain social relations is clearly impaired. Anxiety and depression are not unusual and often associated with weak support from relatives, loneliness and disturbed family relations. Nevertheless, the patients report resilience and determination to cope with the impacts of illness. Crisis intervention, vocational guidance and counselling about problems concerning the disease should be available and offered to the patients. As the patients seem to be unaccustomed to talking about their psychosocial problems, an empathetic and information-seeking attitude on the part of the health care staff is essential.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Work disability in adults with cystic fibrosis and its relationship to quality of life.

UNLABELLED: With increasing numbers of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients surviving to adulthood, issues related to vocation inevitably arise and warrant specific attention. We examined the percentage of participants with CF currently working and explored risk factors for work disability among adults with CF. METHOD: We recruited 50 consecutive patients from an adult cystic fibrosis service. Demographic, employment history, illness severity indicators and CF-attributed work disability factors were evaluated. Demographic risk factors for work disability using the illness severity measures of FEV(1), S-K score, CRDQ, and recent hospitalisation as independent variables were determined. RESULTS: Factorial analysis of a disability index (DI) indicated no dependency on FEV(1) or S-K score, but dependency on quality of life indices (p<0.05), age (p<0.05) and hospital admission rate (p<0.05). Hours worked per week were dependent on quality of life (p<0.01) (mastery of disease domain), fewer hospital admissions (p<0.01) and age (p<0.05). Sixty-eight percent of the sample reported that CF resulted in significant impediments to employment. However, few had sought vocational guidance (6%). CONCLUSION: Determinants of workforce participation shows that hours worked and perceived disability are more dependent on mastery of disease, age, and time in hospital, than on clinical severity scores. Health professionals may assist productivity through career counselling or tailored programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Williams-Beuren syndrome: presentation of 82 cases].

OBJECTIVE: We performed a retrospective review of a series of 82 cases of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) and associated diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of 82 patients (47 males and 35 females) who consulted at the hospital because of mental retardation and/or congenital cardiopathy were included. The patients were studied mainly from a neurological and cardiological point of view, and secondarily because of endocrinological and nephrological problems. Since description of the chromosomal abnormalities provoking the syndrome, we perform karyotyping in all patients with suspected WBS. RESULTS: Alterations mainly consisted of distinctive facial appearance (100 %), mental retardation with friendly behavior (90 %), congenital cardiopathy (85.4 %), mostly consisting of supravalvular aortic stenosis (72 %), with (12 %) or without (60 %) pulmonary stenosis, and behavior typical of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, which usually manifested at the age of 4 to 5 years in both boys and girls. Approximately 90 % started to walk and speak later than average. Birthweight was below 3000 g in 65 % of the patients in whom this datum was included in the medical record. Eleven of the 13 patients (84.5 %) studied showed the typical deletion of WBS. CONCLUSION: Study of patients with WBS should be multidisciplinary. Most patients require help during schooling and subsequent vocational guidance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Electricity as a medium of psychic life: electrotechnological adventures into psychodiagnosis in Weimar Germany.

When electricity became a commodity in 1900, it furnished Germany with new attractions and revolutionized everyday life with all kinds of tools and gadgets; it also opened up a new space for investigating psycho-physical interaction, reviving ideas of a close linkage between psychic life and electricity. The paper traces the emergence of this electro-psychological framework beyond "electroencephalography," the recording of electrical brain waves, to "diagnoscopy," personality profiling by electric phrenology. Diagnoscopy opens a window onto the scientific and public cultures of electricity and psychical processes in Weimar Germany. It garnered enormous attention in the press and was quickly taken up by several institutions for vocational guidance, because it offered a rapid and technological alternative to laborious psychological testing or "subjective" interviewing. Academic psychology and leading figures in brain research reacted with horror; forging counter measures which finally resulted in this technique being denounced as quackery. A few years later, the press celebrated electroencephalography as a mind-reading device, whereas the neuroscientists remained initially skeptical of its significance and the very possibility of an "electroencephalogram" (EEG) before they adapted electroencephalography as a tool for representing various neuro-psychiatric conditions in patterns of recorded signals. The blending of psychophysiology and electrical engineering marks the formation of an electric epistemology in scientific as well as public understanding of the psyche. The transformations of electrodiagnosis from diagnoscopy to the EEG are indicative of a cultural shift in which electricity changed its role from being the power source for experimental apparatuses to becoming a medium of psychic processes.

Electricity↗
PubMed2004

A follow-up program in India for patients with spinal cord injury: paraplegia safari.

BACKGROUND: Once patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) were discharged from the hospital, it was very difficult for them to return for follow-up, particularly during the first year, due to problems regarding finances and social issues, as well as extreme physical barriers. Because of these barriers, a large number of patients were presenting for re-admission for reasons that might have been prevented if they had come for routine follow-up. Therefore, it was felt that an attempt to visit the patient's residence to conduct a follow-up would be of great help. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and improve the status of rehabilitation of community-dwelling SCI patients in their homes and attempt to decrease the rate of re-admissions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this program, the home visit team consisted of an orthopedic surgeon, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, prosthetist and orthotist engineer, medical social worker, and a nurse. Rehabilitated discharged patients received needed medical treatment, orthotics, and vocational guidance at their residences. Patients who required re-admission were assisted back to the hospital. CONCLUSION: The home visit program decreased the number of re-admissions by improving the status of rehabilitation, which raised the quality of care for patients with SCI.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Education and employment for young people with diabetes.

Educational achievements and employment experiences were examined using a postal questionnaire in a random sample of diabetic clinic attenders and non-diabetic control subjects aged 16-21 years, selected from 13 different centres in Great Britain. A response rate of 63% and 42% for diabetic and control subjects, respectively, was obtained. The diabetic group experienced a significantly greater number of health difficulties and problems at school (compared with their control group (21% vs 11%, p = 0.01) and there was a significant difference in perceived useful careers advice obtained at school for the two groups (5% vs 59%, p < 0.0001, diabetic and control groups, respectively). There was no difference in the number of General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs) and Advanced (A) level qualifications obtained between the two groups. Of the young people who had left school, diabetic adolescents were significantly more likely to report having lost their jobs than their non-diabetic counterparts (19% vs 6%, p = 0.002). The diabetic group were also more likely to report that they were unable to do the job they wanted compared with the non-diabetic group (28% vs 16%, p = 0.005) and were more likely to report shift work problems (41% vs 12%, p = 0.04). With the increasing rate of unemployment it is important that youngsters with diabetes obtain specific diabetes-orientated vocational guidance in order to plan their careers and provision should be made for this in educational establishments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Use of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test in the examination of congenital colour vision defects.

Results for the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test are reported for 238 male subjects with congenital colour vision defects (47 protanopes, 17 protanomalous trichromats, 57 deuteranopes and 117 deuteranomalous trichromats). The results are analysed in terms of the error score and the presence of an axis of confusion. A wide range of results is obtained in each diagnostic group and the error score cannot be used to distinguish between dichromats and anomalous trichromats. Approximately 50% of subjects with anomalous trichromatism obtain error scores less than 100 without an axis of confusion. These subjects could be mistakenly identified as having normal colour vision if pseudoisochromatic and colour matching tests are not employed. The prime use of the F-M 100 Hue test is in vocational guidance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Help-seeking behavior among select populations of black unmarried adolescent fathers: implications for human service agencies.

This study was undertaken to provide additional information on what are appropriate roles for agencies in relation to unmarried adolescent fathers. The findings indicate that such appropriate roles for agencies would include the provision of psychosocial counseling, vocational guidance, and parenting education. It was concluded that agency personnel would have to reach out assertively to unmarried adolescent fathers in order to serve them more effectively. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:733-735.)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Professional psychology in Portugal.

This paper describes the history and current status of professional psychology in Portugal where a unique perspective combines training, research, and practical contributions from Europe and the Americas with their own history of psychological tradition and expertise. Training in professional psychology includes Social Psychology and Educational and Vocational Guidance specializations in addition to Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Counseling for the professional degree, Licenciatura. Advanced degrees are offered in Environmental Psychology, Career Development, Social Cognition, and other areas, primarily for academic positions. Research in all of these areas is expected to have applied outcomes that contribute to individual well being and an improved quality of life for the entire population. The result has been a rapid development of an indigenous professional psychology to address mental health, social, and environmental concerns that compel psychological attention and resources worldwide as well as those problems of local and national origins.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Job perspectives in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

The working career of 138 adult patients with autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) was studied using a mailing questionnaire. Of 126 patients with an occupational history, the average female and male working career was 15 to 30 years, respectively. Of 61 respondents actually holding a job, only nine had adjustments for disease-related handicaps. Reaching above and below shoulder level was required in 24 jobs, although shoulder weakness is a presenting symptom of FSHD. In spite of these physical problems, 52 patients (85%) labelled their job as satisfying. The duration of their working career and the satisfaction with their work despite frequent physical problems warrant a careful vocational guidance of FSHD patients in order to prevent or postpone unemployment. Similar working career studies in patients with other neuromuscular disorders are worthwhile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of hand dermatoses among Finnish farmers.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hand dermatosis among farmers. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was carried out in a geographically defined sample of the Finnish farming population between the ages of 18 and 64 years (N = 10,847). RESULTS: The one-year prevalence of self-reported hand and forearm dermatoses was 16% for the women and 7% for the men. These figures were similar to the prevalence of hand eczema in two large Scandinavian questionnaire surveys. The highest one-year prevalence of hand dermatoses was found for women on farms with more than nine dairy cows (20%). Atopy (both the personal history of atopic dermatitis and respiratory atopy), female gender, and, among the women, also age under 35 years were the most important risk factors for the occurrence of hand dermatosis. Work-related risk factors were handling disinfectants daily, handling silage preservatives, milking cows, and machine servicing. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational risk factors for hand dermatoses were found, especially for dairy farming. The results may be useful for the prevention of hand dermatoses in farming since they direct attention to related occupational hazards, and they may also aid vocational guidance for the atopic population. In order to lower the prevalence of hand dermatoses in dairy farming, both preventive and protective measures should become everyday practice in farming work.

Adult↗
PubMed1953

The prevalence of mental subnormality.

The criteria of mental subnormality are complex, uncertain, and not self-consistent. Confusion arises because of errors of measurement, faulty standardization of tests and measurements, differences in growth patterns, environmental influences, and lack of agreement between the different criteria for diagnosis. Fluctuations in the threshold of community tolerance make the term "mental subnormality" only a relative one, useful mainly for administrative purposes. There is evidence to suggest that mild subnormality is not an irreversible condition.SURVEYS OF PREVALENCE HAVE BEEN OF THREE MAIN SORTS: psychometric, clinical, and follow-up. Some of the main findings from each of these are summarized. Since mild subnormality is to a large extent a culturally determined disability, it follows that cultural changes can do much to diminish its occurrence. In particular, better maternal and child health services, more adequate educational provision, social welfare, vocational guidance and training services, and a condition of full employment would together greatly reduce the prevalence of this, the commonest form of mental subnormality.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Social medicine significance, costs, course, therapy and prognosis of venous diseases].

In particular chronic venous diseases are of considerable sociomedical and socioeconomic significance, and often start early in the age of professional activity. In Germany the number of early retirement is about 2.500 per year. Nevertheless they lack the well-deserved acceptance in the medicopolitical and sociomedical sector, what in addition makes the care for persons suffering from venous diseases at their place of work more difficult, as well as the problematic assessment of chronic venous diseases anyhow and the suitable rehabilitation. Even if there is no occupational disease which manifests itself in the venous system in a particular way, the venous diseases would have essential importance for the occupational medicine. Thus standing pursuit of profession means an essential strain of the peripheral venous system, at least in men it is a risk factor for the appearance of varices, and in women it increasingly leads to pain in the legs. Apart from traumatic lesions in the venous system the "thrombose par effort" may be caused in an almost typical way by hard professional work. The interactions, too, between the therapy of venous diseases and pursuit of profession are manifold, for example a compression treatment at sitting activity. The works medical officer, after all, and if need be, even the expert's opinion has particular chances concerning venous diseases: information and vocational guidance; non-invasive, functional orientated diagnostics; primary and secondary prevention; equipment of working place and process and support of treatment and rehabilitation with simple but effective measures. The therapeutic possibilities in venous diseases are differentiated and practicable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Professional hand eczema and atopy. A clinical prospective study on correlation].

683 patients with hand eczema were examined for history and clinical signs of atopy. 242 of these patients suffered from occupational eczema. In more than 50% of this latter group we saw at least 3 references to atopy. This rate exactly corresponds to one established in 441 patients without industrial eczema but with predominantly definite atopic eczema. Thus, atopy exists largely in patients with occupational eczema and in fact furthers the incidence of this disease relevant in social medicine. Early diagnosis of atopy resulting in efficient vocational guidance can diminish the number of cases of industrial eczema.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational contact psoriasis.

Occupational psoriasis accounts for about 1.2% of all cutaneous pathologic conditions due to work. It is especially important for subjects with slight signs of psoriasis, since patients already suffering from clear illness spontaneously avoid traumatic activities. Our interest was directed to cutaneous symptoms, signs for identifying subjects predisposed to traumatic dermatitis, also useful in vocational guidance. The necessity of official acknowledgement of such work-related dermatological pathologies is suggested.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1988

Rehabilitation of drug-addicted persons: the experience of the Nav-Chetna Center in India.

The Nav-Chetna Drug De-addiction and Rehabilitation Center, Varanasi, India, was established in December 1985. It provides out-patient and residential rehabilitation services, medical treatment, counseling, educational and vocational guidance, yoga therapy and after care. Drug-dependent persons under rehabilitation treatment at the Center are encouraged and helped to promote personal development, to build up and strengthen their initiative and confidence and to bring about improvements in their maturation, attitude and behaviour to overcome drug addiction. This is accomplished through a therapeutic-oriented programme, which creates conditions that optimize the natural tendency of the individual to self-actualize and eventually stabilize. Yoga plays a crucial role in this programme at both pre- and post-clinical stages. It offers a new avenue for positive mental and physical health and helps to free individuals from drug dependency and its associated problems.

Humans↗