PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Visual Field Tests”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prospective analysis of diplopia after anterior temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal lobe sclerosis.

OBJECT: In this prospective study the authors investigated the incidence and natural history of postoperative diplopia in patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and amygdalohippocampectomy for medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS: Forty-seven patients scheduled for ATL for medically refractory seizures were examined preoperatively, 2 to 7 days postoperatively, and 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Ophthalmological examination including pupillary measurements, stereoacuity measurements, palpebral fissure measurements, vertical fusional amplitudes, Lancaster red green testing, visual field testing, and alternate cover testing was performed. Antiepileptic drug levels were monitored. Nine (19%) of 47 patients developed diplopia postoperatively. The diplopia was caused by trochlear nerve palsy in every case. No oculomotor nerve dysfunction was documented. Trochlear nerve function recovered completely in all patients within 3 to 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative diplopia following ATL occurs more often than previously thought and is primarily due to trochlear nerve dysfunction. Awareness of this transient complication is important in preoperative patient counseling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Correlation of the binocular visual field with patient assessment of vision.

PURPOSE: To determine which measures of the binocular visual field correlate best with the patient's assessment of vision. METHODS: Esterman binocular visual field testing and four other binocular visual field tests (designated peripheral 20 dB [p20], peripheral 22 dB [p22], central 24 dB [c24] and central 26 dB [c26]) were performed in 101 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. Scores from these five tests, as well as binocular visual field scores calculated from monocular testing (best-location summation and probability summation), were correlated with performance on the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ)-25 and Short-Form (SF)-36 quality of life instruments, as well as with the linear rating scale utility test. RESULTS: The mean percentage of correct responses was 87%, 69%, 59%, 78%, and 71% for the Esterman, p20, p22, c24, and c26 tests, respectively. The distribution of scores was much broader for the p20 and p22 tests than for the Esterman test. The mean decibels for the binocular visual fields calculated from the monocular visual fields were 21.5 +/- 7.7 dB for the best-location algorithm and 25.1 +/- 6.7 dB for the probability-summation algorithm. The binocular visual field score calculated with the best-location algorithm correlated better with the overall, general vision, distance activities, and peripheral vision domains of theVFQ-25 (partial correlation coefficients of 0.48, 0.48, 0.49, and 0.51, respectively) than did the probability-summation algorithm and all five binocular visual field tests. The best-location algorithm also had the strongest correlation with the linear rating scale utility test (partial correlation coefficient, 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of clinic-based patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma, a global score derived from a combination of two monocular fields correlated better with patient assessment of vision than did the Esterman and four novel binocular visual field tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Red square test for visual field screening. A sensitive and simple bedside test.

A reliable bedside test for screening of visual field defects is a valuable tool in the examination of patients with a putative disease affecting the sensory visual pathways. Conventional methods such as Donders' confrontation method, counting fingers in the visual field periphery, of two-hand confrontation are not sufficiently sensitive to detect minor but nevertheless serious visual field defects. More sensitive methods requiring only simple tools are also described. In this study, a test card with four red squares surrounding a fixation target, a black dot, with a total test area of about 11 x 12.5 degrees at a distance of 30 cm, was designed for testing experience of red colour saturation in four quadrants, red square test. The Goldmann visual field was used as reference. 125 consecutive patients with pituitary adenoma (159 eyes), craniopharyngeoma (9 eyes), meningeoma (21 eyes), vascular hemisphere lesion (40 eyes), hemisphere tumour (10 eyes) and hemisphere abscess (2 eyes) were examined. The Goldmann visual field and red square test were pathological in pituitary adenomas in 35%, in craniopharyngeomas in 44%, in meningeomas in 52% and in hemisphere tumours or abscess in 100% of the eyes. Among these, no false-normal or false-pathological tests were found. However, in vascular hemisphere disease the corresponding figures were Goldmann visual field 90% and red square test 85%. The 5% difference (4 eyes) was due to Goldmann visual field defects strictly peripheral to the central 15 degrees. These defects were easily diagnosed with two-hand confrontation and

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computerised perimetry.

During the last few years computerised perimetry has become a clinical reality. This new technique eliminates the operator's error, ensures reproducibility of test procedures and parameters and makes visual field testing of large numbers of patients possible. Great differences exist between computerised perimeters. Differences in hardware for example, the way in which stimuli or field charts are produced may be striking but even more important are differences in software, especially test algorithms. The results obtained with some instruments and test programmes are of such high quality that the same level of performance may be almost impossible to obtain with manual perimetry, at least in a clinical setting. Nevertheless, improvements can be expected in the future particularly in adaptive tests and in computerised interpretation of the fields.

Computers↗
PubMed2001

Unilateral cone dysfunction with bull's eye maculopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To report a Japanese subject who presented with an acute-onset, unilateral cone dysfunction with bull's eye maculopathy and to describe the functional changes determined by psychophysical and electrophysiologic tests. DESIGN: A single observational case report. METHODS: In addition to a complete ophthalmic examination, the subject underwent some electrophysiologic and psychophysical tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Kinetic visual field test, cone and rod perimetry (two-color perimetry), full-field electroretinograms (ERGs), focal macular ERGs, and multifocal ERGs. RESULTS: The full-field ERGs and two-color perimetry showed a predominant loss of cone function in the right eye, whereas the left eye was normal. Cone perimetry and multifocal ERGs revealed that there were small regions functioning normally and other retinal areas that were severely altered in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS: The topographical function analysis suggested that the disorder affected the retina unevenly. The cause of this rare case of unilateral cone dysfunction with bull's eye maculopathy still remains unknown.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Simulating binocular visual field status in glaucoma.

AIMS: To simulate the central binocular visual field using results from merged left and right monocular Humphrey fields. To assess the agreement between the simulation and the binocular Humphrey Esterman visual field test (EVFT). METHOD: 59 consecutive patients with bilateral glaucoma each recorded Humphrey 24-2 fields for both eyes and binocular EVFT on the same visit. EVFT results were used to identify patients exhibiting at least one defect (< 10 dB) within the central 20 degrees of the binocular field. This criterion is relevant to a patient's legal fitness to drive in the UK. Individual sensitivity values from monocular fields are merged to generate a simulated central binocular field. Results are displayed as a grey scale and as symbols representing defects at the < 10 dB level. Agreement between patients failing the criterion using the simulation and the EVFT was evaluated. RESULTS: Substantial agreement was observed between the methods in classifying patients with at least one defect (< 10 dB) within the central binocular field (kappa 0.81; SE 0.09). Patients failing this criterion using the EVFT results were identified by the binocular simulation with high levels of sensitivity (100%) and specificity (86%). CONCLUSIONS: Excellent agreement exists between the simulated binocular results and EVFT in classifying glaucomatous patients with central binocular defects. A rapid estimate of a patient's central binocular field and visual functional capacity can be ascertained without extra perimetric examination.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance after internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular holes.

PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics and incidence of a dissociated optic nerve fiber layer (DONFL) appearance in eyes after idiopathic macular hole surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-one eyes with idiopathic macular holes that were closed after 1 pars plana vitrectomy were studied. Among these, 67 eyes had the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeled (ILM-peeled), and 24 did not have the ILM peeled (ILM-unpeeled). METHODS: All patients received a complete ophthalmologic examination and color fundus photography preoperatively and postoperatively. Twenty ILM-peeled eyes and 9 ILM-unpeeled eyes were also examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT3), microperimetry by scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), and macular sensitivity measurements by Humphrey visual field testing more than 4 months after the vitrectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of a DONFL on fundus photographs and OCT3, and the functional evaluation of a DONFL by best-corrected visual acuity, SLO-microperimetry, and Humphrey visual field testing. RESULTS: In 67 ILM-peeled eyes, a DONFL appearance was found in 36 eyes (54%) in color fundus photographs. A DONFL appearance was not detected in any of the 24 ILM-unpeeled eyes. Focal dehiscence of the optic nerve fiber layer was found in all 20 examined eyes by OCT3. No scotoma was found corresponding to the DONFL by SLO microperimetry. The best-corrected visual acuity and macular sensitivity were not significantly different in eyes with and without a DONFL appearance (P>0.05). A DONFL appearance was not detected in all 20 eyes examined within 1 month after surgery, was detected in all 16 eyes examined between 1 and 3 months, and no new cases were detected after 3 months. The DONFL appearance became more distinct until about 6 months after first detection and seemed not to change subsequently. CONCLUSIONS: The DONFL appearance in about half of the eyes with ILM peeling and none in eyes without ILM peeling strongly suggest that the DONFL appearance is related to ILM peeling. The OCT findings in eyes with no functional abnormality by SLO microperimetry suggested that the DONFL is due to a dehiscence of the optic nerve fiber layer and not a true nerve fiber layer defect.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Inter-subject variability and normal limits of the SITA Standard, SITA Fast, and the Humphrey Full Threshold computerized perimetry strategies, SITA STATPAC.

PURPOSE: To establish and evaluate inter-subject variability and normal threshold limits for the new SITA strategies and to compare them with those obtained with the traditional Humphrey Full Threshold algorithm. METHODS: Data from 330 eyes of 330 normal subjects were collected at 10 centres in order to establish limits of normality for the new SITA strategies and thus, to make it possible to subject SITA fields to computer-assisted visual field analysis. Two visual field tests were obtained with each of the SITA Standard, SITA Fast, and the Full Threshold algorithms. RESULTS: Inter-subject variance was 31% smaller with SITA Standard and 41% smaller with SITA Fast than with Full Threshold (p<0.0001). Age-dependent decrease of differential light sensitivity was also significantly smaller with both SITA algorithms than with Full Threshold (p<0.0001), 23% and 25% respectively. Mean sensitivity was somewhat higher with both SITA Standard (29.5 dB) and SITA Fast (29.9 dB) as compared to Full Threshold (28.3 dB) (p<0.0001). Normal limits were tightened between 9 to 29% at different significance levels with SITA. CONCLUSION: SITA test results from eyes with normal visual fields will on average be more even from centre to mid-periphery as compared with Full Threshold fields. They will also appear slightly lighter in grey-scale representations. Because of smaller inter-subject variance, shallower depressions are needed in SITA fields for statistical and clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Field of dreamers and dreamed-up fields: functional and fake perimetry.

PURPOSE: Hysterical and malingering patients can manifest visual field defects on perimetry (visual field testing), including defects suggestive of true visual pathway pathology. It has been shown that control subjects can easily imitate some pathologic defects with automated, computed perimetry. The authors sought to determine whether subjects could imitate the same pathologic defect with manual and automated perimetry. METHOD: Six subjects posed as patients with neurologic problems. They had manual perimetry with both an experienced and inexperienced technician followed by automated perimetry. They were later interviewed about the methods of the technicians and the difficulty of the exercise. RESULTS: Four of six subjects easily imitated the assigned defects with both technicians on manual perimetry and with automated perimetry. These included quadrantic, altitudinal, hemianopic, and enlarged blind-spot defects. Two subjects who were assigned cecocentral and paracentral scotomas instead produced enlarged blind spots by manual perimetry and defects suggestive of chiasmal pathology by automated perimetry. Paradoxically, some subjects found that experienced technicians were easier to fool than inexperienced technicians because of the systematic way in which experienced technicians defined defects. CONCLUSIONS: With minimal coaching, some subjects can imitate visual fields with enlarged blind spots, quadrantic, hemianopic, and altitudinal defects with ease and reproducibility by both automated and manual perimetry. Cecocentral and paracentral scotomas are harder to imitate but may be mistaken as representing chiasmal pathology. Paradoxically, experienced technicians may not be better at detecting hysterical or malingering individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

New developments in supra-threshold perimetry.

PURPOSE: To describe a series of recent enhancements to supra-threshold perimetry. METHODS: Computer simulations were used to develop an improved algorithm (HEART) for the setting of the supra-threshold test intensity at the beginning of a field test, and to evaluate the relationship between various pass/fail criteria and the test's performance (sensitivity and specificity) and how they compare with modern threshold perimetry. Data were collected in optometric practices to evaluate HEART and to assess how the patient's response times can be analysed to detect false positive response errors in visual field test results. RESULTS: The HEART algorithm shows improved performance (reduced between-eye differences) over current algorithms. A pass/fail criterion of '3 stimuli seen of 3-5 presentations' at each test location reduces test/retest variability and combines high sensitivity and specificity. A large percentage of false positive responses can be detected by comparing their latencies to the average response time of a patient. CONCLUSIONS: Optimised supra-threshold visual field tests can perform as well as modern threshold techniques. Such tests may be easier to perform for novice patients, compared with the more demanding threshold tests.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Craniopharyngioma: ophthalmological aspects at diagnosis.

AIM: We studied ophthalmological signs at diagnosis in children with craniopharyngioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine children aged from 3 to 16 years (mean 9.1 years) were retrospectively studied. All of them had visual acuity measurement, oculomotor examination, fundoscopy and, whenever possible, visual field testing. RESULTS: Visual signs were present at diagnosis in 96% of patients in our series, but were the circumstances of diagnosis of craniopharyngioma in only 34.5%. Loss of visual acuity was present at diagnosis in 15 patients (51.7%), strabismus in eight (27.6%), papilloedema in ten (34.4%), and optic nerve atrophy in 11 patients (37.9%). A visual field defect was present at diagnosis in all 18 children who were able to perform an instrumental visual field and in three of the children who were tested by attraction visual field. CONCLUSIONS: In children, ophthalmological signs are not the main circumstance of diagnosis of craniopharyngioma because children do not complain of a mild or unilateral reduction in visual acuity. The central visual field is more often affected than the peripheral visual field; computerized static automated perimetry, which allows precise study of the central visual field, is difficult to perform in children. Because of the infiltrating nature of craniopharyngiomas, visual field defects are sometimes atypical and do not indicate a chiasmal problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Repeatability of the Glaucoma Hemifield Test in automated perimetry.

PURPOSE: To examine the concordance of the Glaucoma Hemifield Test and other global visual field indexes between two consecutive automated visual field tests. METHODS: Normal subjects, subjects with ocular hypertension, and subjects with glaucoma had two automated visual field tests on the Humphrey Field Analyzer. The Glaucoma Hemifield Test results, mean deviation, and corrected pattern standard deviation of the two consecutive visual field tests were compared. RESULTS: Forty-one normal subjects were tested within 1 and 2 years of each other. Four hundred seven subjects with ocular hypertension and 95 subjects with glaucoma were tested 1 year apart. The proportion of normal subjects who met a criterion for abnormality on two consecutive tests was 2.4%. The proportion of subjects with glaucoma with normal results of two tests was 10.5%. The specificity of automated visual field testing was improved from 80.8% to 89.9%, with a modest loss of sensitivity if two rather than one abnormal test result was required for entry into a clinical trial enrolling patients with glaucomatous field loss. Similarly, specificity increased from 84.2% to 89.5% if two normal tests were required for entry into an ocular hypertensive clinical trial. Among subjects with more closely spaced tests, the agreement between consecutive tests was similar for tests spaced 4 versus 12 months apart. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is concordance of Glaucoma hemifield Test results on consecutive testing, there is enough disagreement to result in improved specificity from the use of a second test in a clinical trial setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mathematical and optimal clustering of test points of the central 30-degree visual field of glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To determine a mathematically optimal sector pattern of the central 30 degree visual field for the follow-up of glaucomatous visual field change based on a large number of actual visual field test data of patients with glaucoma. METHODS: Visual field test data obtained from 1,039 eyes of 1,039 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using the 30-2 program of the Humphrey Field Analyzer were used for sectorization of the central 30 degree visual field. Of the 1,039 visual field data, 698 (modeling data) were used for determining the sector pattern and 341 (testing data) for checking the sector pattern. The modeling data were further divided into three groups according to the mean deviation (MD) (MD > or = -10 dB, -20 < or = MD < -10 dB, and MD < -20 dB), and the sector pattern was constructed from visual field data of each group using a clustering procedure called VARCLUS. The testing data were used for determining the optimal sector pattern. In a separate set of repeated visual field data of 303 patients with OAG, the fluctuation of MD, sector values of each sector determined, and total deviation of each test point were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The sector pattern constructed from visual field data of MD > or = -10 dB summarized the visual field performance most effectively. The fluctuation of the sector value of each sector was roughly 1.5 times smaller than the total deviation of each test point. CONCLUSION: The sector pattern determined may be useful in analyses of the visual field data of patients with glaucoma.

Glaucoma, Open-Angle↗
PubMed2001

Psychophysical measurement of glaucomatous damage.

Within the past twenty years, a number of new psychophysical test procedures have been adapted for use in perimetry and visual field testing. These procedures are designed to measure the functional properties of different types of retinal ganglion cell subpopulations. Although many of these new procedures exhibit better performance characteristics than standard automated perimetry, no single test procedure appears to be decidedly superior to all others. Comparison of multiple functions in patients with early glaucomatous damage suggests that visual function losses are not selective for specific retinal ganglion cell subpopulations in all patients. For evaluation of the efficacy of neuroprotective agents in glaucoma, one of the challenges facing the development of new psychophysical tests is to be able to distinguish visual function losses that are due to ganglion cell drop-out ("dead" cells) from those that are due to malfunctioning retinal nerve fibers ("sick" cells).

Glaucoma↗
PubMed2003

Blurred vision during airline flight reveals prolactinoma.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary adenomas can manifest with a variety of endocrinologic signs and symptoms, including amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility, and acromegaly. Because of the anatomic location of the pituitary gland, and its proximity to the optic chiasm and cavernous sinuses, pituitary adenomas can also result in decreased visual acuity, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, visual-field loss, and optic atrophy. In general, these tumors are slow-growing. However, there are reports in the medical literature of patients with previously undiagnosed brain tumors in whom neurological signs suddenly developed when in higher altitudes. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old woman came in for an evaluation of a one-month history of blurry peripheral vision that occurred during-then persisted following--an international flight. Examination and automated visual-field testing revealed a decrease in her best-corrected visual acuity and a bi-temporal hemianopsia. Subsequent examinations by a neurologist and endocrinologist revealed a significant pituitary adenoma-specifically, a prolactinoma. The patient was treated with bromocriptine and has shown a rapid improvement in her visual field and a regression of the tumor, as evidenced by a repeat MRI. CONCLUSION: In this case, the sudden development of the patients symptoms during an airline flight, and the persistence of the symptoms after landing, resulted in the discovery of a prolactinoma.

Altitude↗