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Designing learning activities.

In the fifth part of this series on teaching skills, Dai Hall suggests some ways of organising your material when imparting information or when organising a discussion.

Communication↗

Keeping the curriculum current with research and problem-based learning.

Active learning is more effective than passive learning and the critical activities are discovery, mastery, and application. Only 10% of a typical dentist's career is spent in dental school, so the educational experience must provide the tools used for lifelong learning. Problem-Based Learning is a model used in several dental schools that is grounded in these assumptions. PBL makes use of small groups, patient cases serving as the vehicle for learning, with student directed outcomes.

Curriculum↗

[Social activities in the elderly].

In order to clarify the status of social activities in the elderly, and to investigate an association between social activities and age, ADL, and geographical area, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on the aged population in four areas in Japan. Social activities was defined as "activities which required contact with society" and was measured by 4 major facets of social activity, which were based on 21 questions on job activity, socially-related activities, learning activities, and personal activities. A total index was also developed by summarizing the 4 major facets as an indicator of whether the elderly is socially active or not as a whole. The following major findings emerged from this survey: (1) Rank correlation coefficients between each item which comprised 4 major activities were relatively high; (2) Excluding two activities, "shopping" and "attending senior school", aged men were more actively involved than women; (3) Trend in degrees of social activities differed by age among the 4 major facets, i.e., (a) job activity decreased with age, (b) socially-related activities and learning activities increased up to about 75 years old, and decreased thereafter, (c) personal activities were unaltered up to about 80 years old, and then decreased, and; (4) The elderly with low ADL had the lowest representation among the "highly active" in 4 major facets and total index as well.

Activities of Daily Living↗