SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “hyperprolactinemia”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Hyperprolactinemia inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function in vivo and its bromocriptine treatment not only corrects it but makes it more efficient.

We studied NK cell function in eight patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia by measuring 51Cr release by K562 cells exposed to their mononuclear cells and found it decreased compared to normal controls (P less than 0.01). Bromocriptine (BrC) treatment corrected NK function but also made it more efficient at 12:1 than at 25:1 or 50:1 effector:target ratios (ANOVA; P = 0.01). The study of NK cell function in agarose revealed that its decrease in hyperprolactinemia is due to their low active binding to target cells, active killing, and recycling capacity. BrC tended to correct them but also increased recycling capacity to levels higher than those of controls (P less than 0.05). Sequential studies in three hyperprolactinemic patients before and after BrC showed correction of NK function within 1 week but its increased efficiency at the 12:1 effector:target ratio required 8 weeks. We conclude that hyperprolactinemia decreases NK cell function. BrC corrects this by decreasing prolactin levels but also makes NK function more efficient by increasing the capacity of NK cells to recycle after killing.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Terguride in hyperprolactinemia--experiences with 5 patients].

Hyperprolactinemia can successfully be treated by dopaminagonists such as bromocriptin or lisuride. About 10% of patients complain about side effects like orthostatic hypotension, nausea or vomiting, which may lead to discontinuation of treatment. We therefore conducted a study using terguride--a new dopaminagonist--in 5 patients with hyperprolactinemia and intolerable side effects under conventional treatment. Terguride is the transdihydroderivative of lisuride (Dopergin). We treated 5 patients, 2 men with macroprolactinoma and 3 women with microprolactinoma with terguride. The mean duration of treatment was 15.6 months (7-37 months). Patients were treated with up to 5 mg terguride daily. All 5 patients had a marked initial decrease of elevated prolactin levels 8 h after administration of 0.25 mg terguride orally. Three patients became normoprolactinemic after sufficient increase of the dose of terguride, 2 female patients with a microprolactinoma got eumenorrhoeic thereafter. The treatment with terguride was tolerated without side effects by all patients. There were no significant changes of the examined parameters of clinical chemistry nor the other pituitary hormones. Results of cranial computertomography did not change in 4 patients, one patient had tumor progression. Tergurid as a dopaminagonist is an effective inhibitor of prolactin with little side effects and thus a useful drug in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

A study of pineal-prolactin interaction: prolactin response to an acute melatonin injection in patients with hyperprolactinemia.

Several studies demonstrated that the pineal gland plays a regulatory role in PRL secretion. At present, however, there are few clinical data only about the pineal function in PRL secretion disorders. To further clarify which is the pineal importance in the dysfunctions of PRL release, we have evaluated the effect of an acute injection of the pineal hormone melatonin in 19 patients with hyperprolactinemia, 8 of whom had idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, while the other 11 had a prolactinoma. Melatonin was given im at a dose of 20 mg at 09:00 h, and venous blood samples were collected at -20, 0, 20, 60, 120, 180 min. A normalization of PRL levels was achieved after melatonin injection in 3/8 patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, while no effect was seen in patients with prolactinoma. Further studies, by evaluating the effect of a chronic treatment, will be required to define which is the action of melatonin on PRL release in PRL secretion disorders, and to evaluate its possible therapeutic role.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Delayed puberty associated with hyperprolactinemia caused by pituitary microadenoma.

Primary amenorrhea caused by the hyperprolactinemia is a rare condition characterized by the onset of thelarche and pubarche at appropriate ages but arrest of pubertal development before menarche. Hyperprolactinemia might be found in a few women with primary amenorrhea, yet relevant experience has apparently not been reported. We report a 16-year-old patient with hyperprolactinemia caused by a pituitary microadenoma. Her only symptom was delayed puberty without galactorrhea. Bromocriptine therapy was useful in order to induce the ovulation and cause the menarche.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2002

Switch to quetiapine in antipsychotic agent-related hyperprolactinemia.

Novel antipsychotics (clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine) are effective in treating psychotic symptoms, also in neurological disease. Hyperprolactinemia is a side effect related to antipsychotics that can cause galactorrhea, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, anovulation, impaired spermatogenesis, decreased libido and sexual arousal, impotence, and anorgasmia, consequent to removal of tonic dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion via hypothalamic dopaminergic receptor blockade in the tuberoinfundibolar tract. Hyperprolactinemia occurs more frequently during treatment with risperidone and olanzapine compared with clozapine and quetiapine. The therapeutic algorithm to antipsychotic-relatedhyperprolactinemia is the following: reduction in antipsychotic dose, addition of cabergoline, bromocriptine, amantadine, and/or switch to another antipsychotic. We propose switching to quetiapine in symptomatic hyperprolactinemia related to antipsychotics and describe five cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Effects on penile reflexes and plasma hormones of hyperprolactinemia induced by MtTW15 tumors.

The effects of severe hyperprolactinemia induced by MtTW15 tumors (prolactin- and growth-hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma) on penile reflex activity and blood hormones were examined. There was no significant adverse effect of hyperprolactinemia on penile reflexes at 7, 14, or 21 days after tumor inoculation. However, a virtual elimination of penile reflex activity was observed 34 days after inoculation. Additionally, significant decrements in serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and an elevation in progesterone were seen at this time concomittant with greatly increased prolactin levels. The results suggest that erectile dysfunction may contribute to hyperprolactinemia-induced copulatory failure.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Hyperprolactinemia in multiple sclerosis.

In order to clarify endocrine abnormalities due to hypothalamic involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS), serum prolactin levels were measured in 27 patients with MS and 22 healthy subjects. The presence of hypothalamic lesions was also studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serum prolactin levels were found to be significantly higher in MS patients than in healthy controls in both sexes. Although only one patient had galactorrhea, one-third of the MS patients had mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia, which was a 4-13-fold increase over the mean value of healthy subjects. The results of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, sulpiride, L-DOPA and bromocriptine loading tests suggested a hypothalamic dysfunction, rather than pituitary prolactinoma in MS patients. Four of eight patients with hyperprolactinema had diencephalic hypothalamic lesion(s) contiguous with the third ventricle on the brain MRI, while none of the normoprolactinemic patients had any lesions in the diencephalon. All relapsing-remitting patients with hyperprolactinemia showed a rise in prolactin levels in the acute stage of the relapse and a decrease during the recovering stage and the following remission phase. Our findings suggest that latent hyperprolactinemia due to hypothalamic dysfunction occurs frequently in MS patients in relapse. The increase of serum prolactin is considered to be a sensitive indicator for hypothalamic lesions in MS.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Chronic effect of hyperprolactinemia on blood glucose and lipid levels in mice.

We studied the chronic effects of hyperprolactinemia, induced by ectopic pituitary grafting, on blood glucose and lipid levels in adult male mice. For one year after pituitary grafting, we measured the blood levels of prolactin, growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) at various intervals. The graft caused consistent hyperprolactinemia without changes in the serum GH levels. Hypoglycemia developed at 1 and 3 months after grafting but was not accompanied by any changes of the serum insulin levels. Thereafter, the blood glucose and serum insulin levels began to increase in the pituitary-grafted (PG) mice, and at 12 months after the operation, both levels became significantly higher in PG mice than controls. The serum FFA levels and the weight of epididymal fat bodies were significantly lower in PG mice than controls from 3-12 months after the grafting. Thus, hyperprolactinemia leads to persistent hypolipidemia and biphasic changes in the blood glucose level.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1985

Evaluation of dopaminergic tone in hyperprolactinemia. III. Thyroid-stimulating hormone response to metoclopramide in differential diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of prolactinoma patients.

Recently, it has been shown that patients with a PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma have a greater thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release after dopamine (DA)-receptor blockade than normal subjects. We have compared the TSH and PRL responses to metoclopramide (MCP) in normal and postpartum lactating women with those in 28 patients with hyperprolactinemia of different origin. Patients with a PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma were also tested after transsphenoidal removal of the tumor in order to establish the prognostic value of this test in such patients. Following MCP administration, percent increases in plasma PRL levels were greater in normal female subjects than postpartum lactating women. Plasma TSH levels did not increase in postpartum women and had a modest increment in normal subjects. In patients with hypothalamic tumors and empty sella syndrome plasma PRL and TSH levels showed modest or no increases after MCP administration. In ten patients harboring a microprolactinoma, plasma TSH levels showed an exaggerated increment after DA-receptor blockade. Postoperatively, despite normal or borderline PRL levels in the immediate postoperative period, a TSH response to MCP was present (in five patients one to two weeks after the operation, and in five patients one to three years after the operation), suggesting an increased DA activity even in the absence of hyperprolactinemia. In conclusion, the TSH test can easily detect increased DA-activity in patients with a microprolactinoma both preoperatively and postoperatively. It is possible that some patients with increased DA-activity in presence of normal PRL levels and normal PRL responsiveness to stimulation will experience a recurrence of hyperprolactinemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗

PubMed1989

Extra-hypothalamic dopamine is not involved in the effects of hyperprolactinemia on male copulatory behavior.

Experiments were performed to determine if the inhibition of copulatory behavior observed in male rats with chronically elevated serum prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia) is associated with changes in central dopaminergic function in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems. Chronic hyperprolactinemia, induced by ectopic pituitary grafts, inhibited sexual activity but was not associated with changes in locomotor activity, serotyped behavior in response to various doses of apomorphine, or 3H-spiroperidol binding to striatal homogenates. However, open-field defecation was reduced in the pituitary grafted animals. The results of the present study show that changes in nigrostriatal dopamine receptor sensitivity do not contribute to the inhibition of sexual behavior in hyperprolactinemic male rats. In addition, these results also demonstrate that the effects of hyperprolactinemia are relatively specific to copulatory behavior and appear not to involve general behavioral suppression.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Outcome of pregnancies in women with treated or untreated hyperprolactinemia.

The outcome of 103 pregnancies in 64 women with constant hyperprolactinemia was evaluated. Seventy-eight pregnancies had been induced with bromocriptine and 25 occurred without any treatment. In all, 66% of the pregnancies ended in delivery, 17% in miscarriage, 10% in tubal pregnancy and 7% in induced abortion. The pregnancy of women with untreated hyperprolactinemia was more frequently ectopic when compared to those in women treated by bromocriptine. Obstetric complications as well as signs of tumoral enlargement during pregnancy were rare in hyperprolactinemic women treated or untreated with bromocriptine. Untreated hyperprolactinemia as a risk factor in tubal pregnancy is proposed.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed2005

Reversal of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with tamoxifen in a patient with hyperprolactinemia resistant to dopamine agonists.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the response to tamoxifen in a woman with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism induced by hyperprolactinemia resistant to dopamine agonist drugs. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Academic fertility center. PATIENT(S): A young woman with persistent amenorrhea, symptomatic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hyperprolactinemia. INTERVENTION(S): Tamoxifen was administered in addition to bromocriptine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, prolactin, and progesterone. RESULT(S): Recovery of gonadal-hypothalamic-pituitary axis. CONCLUSION(S): Tamoxifen can revert the effects of chronic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism induced by hyperprolactinemia resistant to dopamine agonists.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Using aripiprazole to resolve antipsychotic-induced symptomatic hyperprolactinemia: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of substituting aripiprazole for other antipsychotic drugs taken by stable schizophrenic patients suffering from antipsychotic agent-induced symptomatic hyperprolactinemia. METHODS: Seven female schizophrenic patients with symptomatic hyperprolactinemia (167.6+/-58.0 microg/L) were recruited to take part in an 8-week open label trial of aripiprazole (10-20 mg/day) as a replacement for amisulpride or risperidone. Efficacy was assessed via PANSS and CGI-I scores. Serum prolactin levels were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Data were collected from November, 2004 to May, 2005. RESULTS: At the end of weeks 4, serum prolactin levels were normalized (8.8+/-5.5 microg/L) and hyperprolactinemic symptoms were resolved in all patients. However, aripiprazole treatment was discontinued within 6 weeks for 2 of the 7 subjects due to aggravated auditory hallucinations. CONCLUSION: Results from this admittedly small-scale open-label study indicate that switching to aripiprazole may be useful for resolving antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and associated symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia resulting from macroprolactinemia.

Five patients are presented who had moderate hyperprolactinemia as measured by RIA. The patients did not have any symptoms or signs that result from hyperprolactinemia, nor evidence of any underlying cause of hyperprolactinemia. Because of the lack of clinical features, laboratory search for macroprolactinemia was undertaken. In these patients no further investigation or therapy is indicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The metoclopramid-provocation test for prediction of transient hyperprolactinemia during cycle stimulation.

The predictive value of the metoclopramid-provocation test to detect transient hyperprolactinemia during cycle stimulation was assessed. Patients developing hyperprolactinemia during cycle stimulation showed a significantly higher PRL response to the metoclopramid-provocation test before cycle stimulation. The current study confirms previous reports that hyperprolactinemia during cycle stimulation can interfere with follicular and oocyte maturation. The use of the metoclopramid-test can detect an enhanced responsiveness to PRL stimulators and offers the possibility of treatment during cycle stimulation.

Embryo Transfer↗

PubMed1993

Occult hyperprolactinemia in infertile women.

OBJECTIVE: To define the hypersensitive status of PRL secretion in normoprolactinemic infertile women and determine the incidence of occult hyperprolactinemia among them. DESIGN: The potential for PRL secretion was examined in 463 women. SETTING: Outpatient clinic in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Three hundred sixty-seven infertile women and 96 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated with bromocriptine, 2.5 or 5 mg/d for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), circadian rhythm, and serum PRL changes during the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Approximately 15% of infertile women showed an exaggerated response to TRH, and 95% among them had clinical disorders such as galactorrhea, luteal insufficiency, and menstrual disturbances. Bromocriptine proved effective in 90% of these women. Transient hyperprolactinemia was observed at night in 80% of normal PRL responders who had galactorrhea. Bromocriptine was effective in 75% of these women. Transient hyperprolactinemia during the menstrual cycle was observed in 43% of normal PRL responders with luteal insufficiency, 85% of whom responded to treatment with bromocriptine. CONCLUSION: In infertile women, the TRH test helps in the selection of patients who may respond to bromocriptine. Among normal PRL responders, 60% of patients with galactorrhea and 47% of those with luteal insufficiency recovered after bromocriptine treatment. From these results, patients who exhibit clinical abnormalities such as galactorrhea and luteal insufficiency should undergo extensive PRL testing.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Effects of induced hyperprolactinemia on in vitro fertilization cycles.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of induced endogenous hyperprolactinemia on the luteinization process, as expressed by the shift in the P:E2 ratio after hCG injection in IVF cycles. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Serum PRL, E2, and P levels were measured in 49 IVF patients (leuprolide acetate and hMG protocol) on the day of hCG injection. Estradiol and P also were measured on the day after hCG. Serum P:E2 ratios were calculated for two groups of patients; group I (control): PRL < or = 20 ng/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.00); group II (hyperprolactinemia): PRL > 20 ng/mL. Estradiol and P also were measured in follicular fluid (FF) and the gamete performance was compared between groups. RESULTS: Data analysis showed no significant differences in the mean +/- SD serum peak E2 (pg/mL; conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671) between groups: group I, 1,769 +/- 843; group II, 2,333 +/- 1,194; the mean FF E2 (pg/mL) group I, 351 +/- 221; group II, 370 +/- 186; or the mean FF P (ng/mL; conversion factor to SI unit, 3.180) group I, 8,357 +/- 3,127; group II, 11,354 +/- 12,888. No significant differences were found between groups in the P:E2 ratios on days 1 or 2: group I, 78 +/- 48 and 209 +/- 137; group II, 70 +/- 47 and 224 +/- 197, respectively. The magnitude of the P shift also showed no significant difference between the two groups; the mean +/- SD shift in the P level was 2.9 +/- 2.2 for group I, and 4.3 +/- 5.1 for group II. The serum PRL level had no effect on the fertilization rate (60% for group I and 70% for group II) or on the pregnancy rate (17% for group I and 23% for group II). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that mild endogenous hyperprolactinemia induced by ovarian stimulation does not affect granulosa cell luteinization and gamete performance in humans.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMed1995

Hyperprolactinemia after treatment of long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue Decapeptyl in girls with central precocious puberty.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effects of prolonged treatment with long-acting GnRH analogue on serum PRL levels. DESIGN: Blood PRL levels were measured at 9 A.M. every 28 days for a period of 6 months. SETTING: Pediatric Endocrine Clinic, Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tiqva, Israel. PATIENTS: Thirteen girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. RESULTS: Hyperprolactinemia developed in 5 of 13 girls after treatment with long-acting GnRH-a; mean blood PRL in all 13 girls rose significantly from 11.9 +/- 5.6 to 21.5 +/- 12.5 micrograms/L (mean +/- SD). CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of hyperprolactinemia in our patients is unclear. It may have resulted from a decline in the release of the hypothalamic PRL inhibitory factor. Clinically, transient hyperprolactinemia during long-acting GnRH-a treatment for central precocious puberty also may reflect a constant depression of LH secretion.

Female↗