PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Eye Color”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A 12-month, randomized, double-masked study comparing latanoprost with timolol in pigmentary glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and side effects and the effect on aqueous humor dynamics of 0.005% latanoprost applied topically once daily with 0.5% timolol given twice daily for 12 months to patients with pigmentary glaucoma. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-masked, clinical study. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six patients affected with bilateral pigmentary glaucoma controlled with no more than a single hypotensive medication were enrolled in the study. INTERVENTION: The sample population was randomly divided into 2 age- and gender-matched groups each of 18 patients. Group 1 received 0.005% latanoprost eyedrops once daily and the vehicle (placebo) once daily; group 2 was assigned to timolol 0.5% eyedrops twice daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diurnal curves of intraocular pressure (IOP) were performed on the baseline day and after 0.5, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. The IOP measurements were performed at 8:00 AM, 12:00 noon, 4:00 PM, and 8:00 PM. Outflow facility ("C") was measured on the baseline day and on the last day of the study with a Schiotz electronic tonometer. A two-tailed Student's t test for paired or unpaired data was used for statistical evaluation of differences between treatment and baseline values or between the latanoprost and timolol group. Diurnal IOP measurements were compared hour by hour. Mean values of the two eyes IOP and "C" were used for analysis. RESULTS: Compared with baseline measurements, both latanoprost and timolol caused a significant (P < 0.001) reduction of IOP at each hour of diurnal curve throughout the duration of therapy. Reduction of IOP was 6.0 +/- 4.5 and 5.9 +/- 4.6 with latanoprost and 4.8 +/- 3.0 and 4.6 +/- 3.1 with timolol after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Comparison of mean diurnal measurements with latanoprost and timolol showed a statistical significant (P < 0.001) difference at 3, 6, and 12 months. Mean "C" was found to be significantly enhanced (+30%) only in the latanoprost-treated group compared with the baseline (P = 0.017). Mean conjunctival hyperemia was graded at 0.3 in latanoprost-treated eyes and 0.2 in timolol-treated eyes. A remarkable change in iris color was observed in both eyes of 1 of the 18 patients treated with latanoprost and none of the 18 patients who received timolol. Darkening of the peripheral iris stroma was suspected in two patients treated with latanoprost. In the timolol group, heart rate was significantly reduced from 72 +/- 9 at baseline to 67 +/- 10 beats per minute at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although further studies may need to confirm these data on a larger sample and to evaluate the side effect of increased iris pigmentation on long-term follow-up, in patients with pigmentary glaucoma, 0.005% latanoprost taken once daily was well tolerated and more effective in reducing IOP than 0.5% timolol taken twice daily.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of color discrimination in the white region.

Reference and test stimuli were produced on two separate color television screens to evaluate the color discrimination ability of the human eye for near-white colors. Each test stimulus had a luminance approximately equal to that of the reference, but was slightly different in chromaticity, e.g., [deltax] less than 0.01, [deltay] less than 0.01. The evaluation involved 20 persons observing 26 sets of color stimuli of 16-cd/m2 luminance, and 21 persons observing sets of color stimuli of 253 cd/m2. Observers were requested to categorize the color differences they perceived on a six-level rating scale. The results indicate that the differential thresholds for color difference of near-whites are between 4 and 8 CD (Color Difference), except in the bluish region.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1995

Color quantification in angioscopic video images.

Colors in video representations of angioscopic images are up until now described by an human observer. Differences in settings of the monitor and the inherent poor ability of the human eye to classify colors objectively results in a very poor intraobserver as well as interobserver variability. A PC-based method is described to measure colors in a video image and to present the results in a novel C-diagram. Results with this method for standard calibrated colors are given. Possible sources of error are discussed and methods to minimize these errors are presented.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of ophthalmic artery flow in patients with occlusive carotid artery disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate and classify the ophthalmic artery (OA) flow patterns in patients with occlusive carotid artery disease (OCAD). METHODS: Forty-three patients (52 eyes) with documented OCAD of > or =70% underwent orbital color Doppler imaging. The eyes were first divided into four groups by peak systolic velocity in OA (PSV(OA)): group A, PSV(OA) < or = 0; group B, 0 < PSV(OA) < or = 10; group C, 10 < PSV(OA) < or = 40; and group D, PSV(OA) > 40 cm/s, then further classified by the shape of the OA flow wave. The groups were then compared with respect to the collateral pathway (Co-Path), severity of the OCAD, and systemic diseases. RESULTS: Eyes with unidirectional reverse flow (group A(1)) had a Co-Path from the ipsilateral external carotid artery and 70%-100% OCAD. Eyes with bidirectional reverse flow (group A(2)) had no Co-Path, 75% OCAD, and impending ischemic heart disease (IHD). Group B eyes had dome-shaped OA flow waves with no Co-Path and 99%-88% OCAD. Group C(1) eyes, with normal flow waves, had a Co-Path from the contralateral internal carotid artery and 100% OCAD. Group C(2) eyes, with triangular-shaped flow waves, had no Co-Path, 93%-70% OCAD, and IHD. Group D eyes had normal high flow waves with no Co-Path, 75% OCAD, and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The OA flow patterns were variously affected by collateral pathway, severity of OCAD, and systemic diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Color vision of animals. Views from Carl von Hess to today].

In 1912 Carl von Hess, Professor of Ophthalmology in Munich, published the first comprehensive monograph on color vision in animals. He concluded that fish and all invertebrates are color-blind. At the same time, Karl von Frisch demonstrated that fish and honeybees can see and distinguish colors. The theory of trichromacy (Young-Helmholtz) is valid only for primates and some (e.g., bees) but not all insects. Almost all animals can see colors, and the eyes of some invertebrates contain up to 11 types of spectrally different receptor cells. Most animals - with the exception of mammals and cephalopods - can see ultraviolet and/or far red light. Therefore, many animals perceive more colors than human beings.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed2000

Color vision defects after central serous chorioretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To reexamine patients diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) during the 10-year period from 1987 to 1996 to identify remaining color vision defects in the eyes with normal visual acuity (VA). METHODS: Thirty-nine patients were found with normal VA of 20/20 (logMAR 0) or better 8 to 166 months (mean +/- SD, 58.8 +/- 41.2) after active CSC. Color vision was examined with the Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2, Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test, and Color Vision Meter 712 anomaloscope. RESULTS: Of the CSC eyes, 26 (67%) had a color vision defect, most of them in the blue area. There was no correlation between the time since the active disease and the results on the color vision tests. Of the contralateral eyes, 19 (49%) also had a color vision defect. CONCLUSION: In many patients some degree of color vision defect remains after CSC even if the VA has recovered to normal. The contralateral eye can also have a color vision defect. This has not been previously reported and might be due to earlier subclinical CSC.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Color stability of dry earth pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to microwave energy exposure.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure spectrophotometrically the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomer with 10% by volume of titanium white dry earth opacifier before and after exposure to microwave energy over a simulated 1.5-year period of microwave sterilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A-2186 silicone elastomer opacified with titanium white dry earth pigment, pigmented with 5 cosmetic dry earth pigment colors [no pigment (control) group (Pc), red (Pr), yellow ochre (Py), burnt sienna (Po), and a mixture of Pr + Py + Po color group (P3)], was used in this study. Each of the 5 experimental groups consisted of 5 specimens. All specimens were placed in a 250 ml glass beaker filled with 150 ml of water (replenished for each microwave exposure). An exposure of 6 minutes was used 18 times (simulating 1.5 years of microwave sterilization with one 6 minute exposure monthly). Reflectance values were measured by spectrophotometer. Three- and two-way analyses of variance with repeated measures were performed for the color difference (DeltaE*) with the factors of group/color/months, and group/months, respectively. Means were compared by Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) multiple range test calculated at the 0.05 level of significance using SPSS. RESULTS: The trained human eye can detect color changes (DeltaE*) greater than 1.0. Most DeltaE* values of the red pigment group at all intervals and the mixed pigment group at 15- and 18- month intervals increased significantly greater than 1.0 (p < 0.001) compared with the control group. Yellow and burnt sienna groups remained the most color stable over time with DeltaE* values below 0.35. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of color stability of red dry earth pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers was clinically significant after 12-month exposure to microwave energy as compared with yellow, burnt sienna, and opacified A-2186 dry earth pigments.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Varicella optic neuritis.

A 14-year-old girl developed severe bilateral optic neuritis 1 week after the onset of chickenpox. Though previous case reports state that complete recovery is the rule, this child had a persistent decrease in visual acuity in the right eye and loss of color vision and defects in visual fields in both eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Changes in visual functions of children exposed as infants to prolonged illumination.

The visual system can be modified by early experience. Many infants requiring extensive medical treatment spend time in neonatal intensive care units in which they experience prolonged and relatively intense illumination. Visual functions were measured in a group of 7-year-old children who, as infants, were in intensive care for treatment of neonatal jaundice. Using procedures disguised as games, these children were tested for spatial and temporal resolution, receptor functions, and binocular vision. Especially in children whose eyes had not been shielded, deficits were found in color vision, spatial contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis, but not in rod vision.

Child↗
PubMed1982

An inherited central retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy.

This report describes three generations of one family in which a mother and three of her children were affected by an unusual bilateral symmetrical atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in the macular area. All members of the family underwent complete eye examinations, stereoscopic color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. The mother and four of her children underwent Goldmann visual fields, electroretinography, electro-oculography, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test, 24-hour quantitative urine analysis for amino acids, serum lipid profile, plasma vitamin E and zinc levels, whole blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels, and red blood cell fragility testing. Except for the mother all members of this family were asymptomatic, had good visual acuity and had normal electrophysiologic findings. The mother had bilateral disciform scars resulting in loss of vision. There was no evidence of aminoaciduria or of abnormalities in systemic factors tested which may be associated with protection against lipoprotein peroxidation. This condition appears to be similar to central areolar retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy reported by Fetkenhour et al. (1976).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Short-wavelength color visual fields in glaucoma suspects at risk.

Glaucoma suspect eyes were seen during a five-year study on color visual fields that used a 440-nm test on a bright-yellow background (96 normal eyes, 55 suspect eyes, and 110 eyes that developed glaucoma). The predictive ability of the test was assessed in 25 eyes followed up for more than one year, five of which developed glaucoma. These five eyes and those at high risk showed higher mean defect (P < .0001) and number of defective points (P < .0001) than the other suspect groups, which were not significantly different from normal eyes. The mean defects (+/- standard deviations) and average number of defective points were 1.4 +/- 2.3 dB with 8.9 points (low-risk eyes), 1.1 +/- 1.2 dB with 8.0 points (medium-risk eyes), 6.7 +/- 2.8 dB with 27.7 points (high-risk eyes), and 9.3 +/- 1.8 dB with 39.4 points (eyes that developed glaucoma). Normal eyes had an average of 3.4 defective points. These results were similar when all 55 suspect eyes were analyzed. Color visual fields identify early functional loss in eyes at greatest risk for primary open-angle glaucoma.

Color Perception↗
PubMed2003

Transcaruncular orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of transcaruncular approach orbital apex decompression for treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy. METHODS: In this retrospective noncomparative interventional case series, charts for all patients undergoing orbital decompression surgery for dysthyroid optic neuropathy performed by one author between October 1999 and September 2001 were included in the study. Primary outcome measures included visual acuity, static perimetry, pupillary testing, and color plate testing before and after surgery. Records were also reviewed for changes in extraocular motility and proptosis after surgery and for surgical complications. RESULTS: Sixteen consecutive patients (6 unilateral, 10 bilateral, for a total of 26 cases) underwent orbital apex decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy through a transcaruncular approach. In each orbit, the optic neuropathy was refractory to oral corticosteroid therapy. Preoperative visual acuity remained stable or improved in each case. Preoperative Humphrey visual field testing revealed an average mean deviation of -10.3 +/- 6.5 (range, +0.76 to -25.45). Average postoperative mean deviation was -2.79 +/- 2.4 (range, +0.94 to -9.82). Before surgery, 7 of 23 eyes (30%) had full color plates. After surgery, 22 of 23 eyes (96%) had full color plates. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 26 months (mean, 10 months). New-onset diplopia developed in 2 of 10 (20%) patients without preexisting diplopia. CONCLUSIONS: Transcaruncular approach orbital apex decompression effectively treats dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Adult↗