Robotics. Paging Dr. C-3P0.
Robots, once more comfortable in science fiction movies and in the minds of futurists, are slowly making their way to everyday hospital settings. The driver? Patient safety.
Humans↗
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Results for “Robotics”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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[Study of dental model testing tool based on robot theory].
A new three dimensional testing and analysing system of dental model is discussed It is designed based on the motion theory of robots. The system is capable of not only measuring the three dimensional sizes of dental models, but also saving and outputing the tested data. The construction of the system is briefly introduced here.
Equipment Design↗
Robotically assisted coronary artery bypass surgery with the ZEUS telemanipulator system.
Our goal of minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery is a completely endoscopic operation and anastomosis. Minimally invasive procedures reduce the invasiveness of the operation and therefore the morbidity and length of hospitalization of the patients. A possible solution to the technical problems that accompany manually performed endoscopic anastomoses is telemanipulation, which provides surgeons with the necessary equipment to accomplish totally endoscopic coronary anastomoses. Robotic telemetric systems together with 3-D visualization provide the necessary platform. This article summarizes the current worldwide experience with the ZEUS(TM) system in cardiac surgery and describes the steps from preclinical to endoscopic operation, focusing on the potential limitations of the procedure and the system.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Robotic method for the analysis of morphine and codeine in urine.
A totally automated procedure has been developed for the detection and quantitation of morphine and codeine in urine case samples. The samples were initially screened for these drugs by a Syva EMIT Toxicology System (ETS). A Zymate laboratory robotic system confirms positive samples from Syva ETS by performing the hydrolysis, extraction, and derivatization of morphine and codeine. The derivatized morphine and codeine were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were experimentally optimized during method development. The automation of these procedures has proven to be reliable and efficient.
Codeine↗
Development of a surgical robot for cementless total hip arthroplasty.
The long-term success of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) may depend on bone ingrowth into the porous-fixation surfaces of the implant. The ingrowth process is facilitated when the surgeon achieves a satisfactory fit for the prosthesis. Clinically or roentgenographically visible failure and persistent thigh pain after cementless THA remain significant problems, both of which may be alleviated by more precise preparation of the femoral canal and selection of an appropriately sized prosthesis. The objective of this study was to obtain an exact fit for the prosthesis through the use of an image-directed surgical robot for femoral canal preparation.
Arthroplasty↗
[Automatization and robotics of the set-up and treatment of patients irradiated for brain and base ot the skull tumors].
Progresses of the three-dimensional imageries and of the software of planning systems makes that the radiotherapy of the tumours of brain and the base of skull is increasingly precise. The set-up of the patients and the positioning of the beams are key acts whose realization can become extremely tiresome if the requirement of precision increases. This precision very often rests still on the visual comparison of digital images. In the near future, the development of the automated systems controlled by robots should allow a noticeable improvement of the precision, safety and speed of the patient set-up.
Automation↗
The potential of robotic technology applied to meet requirements for tools to support microsurgery and cellular surgery.
Microsurgery and processes involving cell manipulation or cell surgery are clinical practices where the operator works at or beyond the threshold of human dexterity. Current tools available are conventional in their design, and this limits consistency and the level of reliability and achievement. Surgical robotic devices have been explored to improve precision in minimal access surgical procedures to augment control of tool points in tissues, and have enabled feedback of sensory data from which the operator is able to deduce information on the tool at the working site. In this paper, relevant technologies are described that can be harnessed to improve perception of tool point interaction with tissues at the working site and to improve tool control at the small scale required in clinical practice for microsurgery and for cell surgery.
Humans↗
Hybrid revascularization using percutaneous coronary intervention and robotically assisted minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery.
Hybrid revascularization (HR) combines staged percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on stenoses in the non-left anterior descending (LAD) territories with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) using the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to the LAD. The LITA-to-LAD graft, which has a 5-year patency rate of 95%, is the major determinant of the long-term survival for patients. Thus, HR aims to perform full revascularization without compromising the survival advantage of the LITA-to-LAD graft, while preserving the minimally invasive advantages associated with the percutaneous treatment of symptomatic coronary stenoses. We investigated whether HR was a valid alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. We also present our early experiences with HR using a combined approach of advanced PCI and robotically-assisted MIDCAB.
Aged↗
Robot-assisted remote surgery: technological advances, potential complications, and solutions.
Technical limitations, mostly related to the issue of time delay for transmission of digitized information, had prevented the development of remote surgery intended as performance of a complete surgical procedure from long distances. To overcome the issue of time delay, tests and researches performed with the joined effort of surgeons, robotic and telecommunication engineers convinced our group that use of the high-speed terrestrial network [asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) service], rather than satellite connections, would significantly reduce the time lag for transmission of data. Using ATM technology, our group demonstrated the feasibility of performing surgery across transoceanic distances by safely carrying out a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, first on an animal model and later (September 7, 2001), on a patient. Using ATM technology, the mean time lag for transmission of data and images was 155 msec despite a total round-trip distance of 14,000 km. Teletransmission of active surgical manipulations have the potential to ensure availability of surgical expertise in remote locations for difficult or rare operations, and improve surgical training worldwide. However, several limitations remain for remote surgery to become commonplace. Among these, the need to render ATM network available to hospitals, costs of technology, ethical and liability issues, and possible conflicts of jurisdictions between countries involved.
Animals↗
A robotic surgery system (da Vinci) with image guided function--system architecture and cholecystectomy application.
We have developed a data fusion system for the robotics surgery system "da Vinci". The data fusion system is composed of an optical 3D location sensor and a digital video processing system. The 3D location sensor is attached to the da Vinci's laparoscope and measures its location and direction. The digital video processing system captures the laparoscope's view and superimposes 3D patient's organ models onto the captured view in real-time. We applied the system to "da Vinci" and examined this system during a cholecystectomy. In this experiment, the surgeon was able to observe the inner conditions of the organs with a stereo view.
Cholecystectomy↗
Measurements of the level of surgical expertise using flight path analysis from da Vinci robotic surgical system.
Laparoscopic surgical procedures require precise hand and eye coordination based on a 2-dimensional representation of 3-dimensional space. Currently, no metric exists to guide the educational process while surgeons are still on the learning curve. In this paper, we propose to identify and qualify the patterns of movements recorded from the da Vinci robotic surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale CA) that are most consistent with mastery and can define levels of proficiency. We have recorded velocities and positions of complex movements made by both novice and expert surgeons using da Vinci system and performed geometric and statistical analysis of the data.
Clinical Competence↗
A system for simulation and monitoring of robot-assisted and navigation-assisted surgical interventions. (Part 1).
Location monitoring systems for surgical applications are getting more and more common in clinical daily life. Navigation treatment systems are also a form of a location monitoring system. These systems always consist of an optical, US-, electromagnetic or mechanical navigation system. If two or more navigation systems are combined or one navigations system is combined with a robot system the kinematic model of the entire system consists of closed kinematic loops. In this paper, an approach is presented to gain more information from the closed kinematic chains instead of breaking the kinematic loops.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
[Robotic surgery in neurosurgical field].
Computer-aided surgery commenced in the late 1980s when computer was clinically used for diagnosis and surgical planning. Since then the computer has been used in a surgical navigation system. In the early 1990s a robotic surgery using intelligent manipulator as surgeon's new hands took place. Nowadays intraoperative diagnostic imaging as surgeon's new eyes has become ubiquitous Diagnosis, surgical planning, and navigation are required to be real-timely performed intraoperatively. The time has really come to concurrently diagnose and treat, in which technology visualizing intraoperative medical information and minimally invasive surgery are fused. For that it is necessary to develop a system that real-timely updates information for decision making, and at the same time to present the timely, optimum treatment to be done according to the results of instant evaluation of ongoing treatment. To realize and support above system it is essential to combine a sensor which can precisely distinguishes a focal area from a normal tissue intraoperatively, and a manipulator which participates the treatment. In addition, the manipulator should be accurately controlled using a computer (computer-aided manipulation) according to the surgical plan made by a method aided by a computer (computer-aided design) based on intraoperatively acquired information. It is about to change quality of life to quality of treatment.
Humans↗
Robotic technology applied to meet the requirements of tools to support microsurgery and cellular surgery.
Microsurgery and processes involving cell manipulation or cell surgery are clinical practices where the operator works at or beyond the threshold of human dexterity. Current tools available are conventional in their design, and this limits consistency and the level of reliability and achievement. Surgical robotic devices have been explored to improve precision in minimal access surgical procedures to augment control of tool points in tissues, and have enabled feedback of sensory data from which the operator is able to deduce information on the tool at the working site. In this paper, relevant technologies are described that can be harnessed to improve perception of tool point interaction with tissues at the working site and to improve tool control at the small scale required in clinical practice for microsurgery and for cell surgery.
Humans↗
Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
The indications for nephron-sparing surgery and for minimally invasive surgery are continually expanding. Nephron-sparing surgery, also known as partial nephrectomy, presents a challenge to the minimally invasive surgeon. Herein, we describe our technique of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. This approach may have potential advantages of including easier excision and suturing. Moderate training is required.
Aged↗
Using parallel evolutionary development for a biologically-inspired computer vision system for mobile robots.
We describe a new approach to attacking the problem of robust computer vision for mobile robots. The overall strategy is to mimic the biological evolution of animal vision systems. Our basic imaging sensor is based upon the eye of the common house fly, Musca domestica. The computational algorithms are a mix of traditional image processing, subspace techniques, and multilayer neural networks.
Algorithms↗
Da Vinci robot-assisted excision of a vallecular cyst: a case report.
The da Vinci Surgical System is a new and exciting entrant into the field of robotic technology. This system is undergoing considerable research and is being practically applied in general surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, urology, and gynecology. We have previously described our experience with the da Vinci system in the laboratory setting, and we have reviewed its potential applications in otolaryngology. Here we present a case report of the first da Vinci-assisted excision of a vallecular cyst in a human. Although we initially encountered some difficulties in the setup, we were able to perform the procedure with moderate ease and without complication. The potential of the da Vinci system in otolaryngology is promising. Further research is needed to explore all of its possible uses in our field.
Cysts↗
[The research on linear control of pneumatic artificial muscles used in medical robots].
This paper presents the properties of Pneumatic artificial muscles and its application in medical robots. The linear model construction and minimum predictive error control algorithm for artificial muscles are discussed here too. This paper provides the experimental results of linear adaptive control, which show the control algorithm has certain applicable value.
Algorithms↗