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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

New directions in the irritable bowel syndrome.

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an umbrella for the diagnosis of heterogeneous conditions that are awaiting better identification of specific manometric causes. This article focuses on the concept that future therapy for IBS will rely on identification of subgroups and in turn tailor the specific therapeutic approaches to an appreciation of the pathophysiology and symptom predominance of these subgroups. Future therapies will rely on the following principles: (1) prokinetic agents to coordinate upper gastrointestinal and colonic motility as well as improve the propulsive nature of colonic contractions; (2) gastrointestinal hormone agonists such as erythromycin and antagonists such as sandostatin and cholecystokinin antagonists; (3) spasmolytic therapy incorporating calcium channel blocking and anticholinergic agents; (4) inhibition of ovulatory cycle changes in circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones in women, who tend to dominate the IBS population; (5) incorporation of concepts relating to the role of subtypes of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in control of neural and myogenic function; (6) reassessment of food intolerance and sensitivity; and (7) incorporation of concepts relating to psychologic profiles and psychologic treatment approaches. IBS is a rich and fertile area for application of the exciting new pharmacologic advances relating to gastrointestinal smooth-muscle and neural innervation of the gut. Improvement in the understanding and treatment of IBS will be one of the major accomplishments of this decade.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of dalargin on repair capacity of gastroduodenal mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer].

Changes in the number of DNA-synthesizing nuclei of gastroduodenal mucosa in duodenal ulcer were monitored for patients treated with dalargin versus standard therapy (spasmolytics and antacids). In contrast to the standard treatment, dalargin 20-day administration produced a significant increase in the index of 3H-thymidine-labelled epithelial nuclei in fundal and duodenal bulb mucosa. The capacity for activating DNA synthesis in gastroduodenal mucosa may represent an essential mechanism of dalargin therapeutic action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative studies of the effectiveness of brief psychotherapy, acupuncture and papaverin therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome].

At a comparison among 5 therapy methods the small psychotherapy with a success-rate of 74% is high-significantly more prosperous than the other examined methods. The acupuncture with 31% long-term success is significantly superior to the pseudoacupuncture (17.2%). The papaverine therapy results in a long-lasting status free of symptoms in 17.2% of the patients and is significantly different from the results of the papaverine-placebo-therapy (0%). Distinct differences in the success-rates of the small psychotherapy with different therapists prove the role of the personality and the perfection in mastering the methods with psychotherapeutic procedures. Comparable differences between the examiners were not found among the effects of a spasmolytic therapy.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Model of intraluminal perfusion of the guinea pig ileum in vitro in the study of the antidiarrheal properties of the guava (Psidium guajava)].

An experimental in vitro model was developed for the study of plant extracts reported by traditional medicines in the treatment of diarrhea. The guinea-pig isolated ileum is perfused with the plant extract using an intraluminal approach. The peristaltic reflex is induced by electrical stimulation while the plant extract is perfused. The spasmolytic effects of Psidium guajava leaf methanol, hexane and water extracts were demonstrated suggesting the existence of two different types of active components. The results obtained allow to propose this in vitro method as a useful model to reproduce some of the characteristics of the oral way of administration of plant extracts.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Action of six commonly used benzodiazepines on isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation.

The spasmolytic activity of six commonly used benzodiazepines was investigated on isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation. All six substances proved to be non-competitive antagonists of carbachol and barium chloride, the pD'2 values ranging between 3.23 and 4.37 in the presence of either agonist. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Pulmo cardialis: effect of inhaled bronchodilators on airway resistance of acute left ventricular dysfunction].

Disturbance of left ventricular function leads to an impairment of ventilation: airway resistance increases, while pulmonary compliance is reduced. We therefore studied the effect of inhalable bronchodilators (Fenoterol, Ipratropium bromide) on oscillatory airway resistance in 16 patients with an acute left heart failure. The results show that the resistance can be significantly reduced to normal values by the bronchodilators. Fenoterol has the greatest spasmolytic potency, but Ipratropium bromide is also effective. Recompensation of left heart function alone does not lead to comparable acute effects on airway resistance. The possibility of immediate improvement of ventilation through the use of inhalable bronchodilators should therefore be considered in the treatment of acute left heart failure.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

[Early complex treatment of fractures of leg bones and peripheral nerve injuries].

A retrospective analysis of results of treatment of 104 patients with fractures of long tubular bones associated with injuries of peripheral nerves has shown complex therapy to be necessary. Main components of this treatment were biogenic stimulators, vitamin B12, spasmolytic and dehydration drugs in combination with electrophoresis with potassium iodide and thermal procedures. Rapid disturbance of conductivity of nerve trunks after trauma should be followed by revision of the given segment of the extremity in order to remove hematoma and make reposition of displaced fragments of the bone, which can provide recovery of the disturbed function of the nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Delivery in prolonged pregnancy following preparation and induction with aprofen and prednisolone].

In 51 chronological prolonged pregnancies at 42 weeks gestation the preparation and induction was made usage of the Soviet spasmolytic preparation Aprophen. Aprophen blocks also N-cholinergic receptors in sympathetic ganglia. The tocolytic action of sympathetic system on uterine musculature was removed as well as its tonic alpha-adrenergic effect on the cervix. Thirty pregnant women were included in a control comparative group, in whom induction and preparation of labour activity was achieved by usage of corticosteroids-Prednisolone. The medication in both groups continued till beginning of labour activity, but in failure after 96 h till oxytocin indication. In 77% of women, treated with Aprophen, labour activity occurred before 96 h (40 out of 51 women but 50% of women treated with Predinisolone (15 out of 30 women)/p less than 0.02/. In 31% of women, treated with Aprophen, labour activity was induced by oxytocin stimulation (14 out of 40 women, but in 76% of women, treated with Predinisolone (10 out of 15 women)/p less than 0.05/. The high percentage of children delivered with signs of postmaturity according to Clifford in pregnant women treated with corticosteroid--23.3% against 9.8% of women treated with Aprophen (p less than 0.01) show the connection between the usage of corticosteroids and the increase of the frequency of signs of postmaturity in newborns.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1990

[Synthesis, structure elucidation and biological activity of thio- analogs of drugs with the examples of chlorthenoxazine and amobarbital].

Two drugs (chlorthenoxazine, amobarbital) were converted into their S-analogues derivatives via thiation with the P4S10-pyridine complex. The identity of structure isomers was confirmed by 13C NMR. A preliminary evaluation for their biological activities revealed that trithioamobarbital exhibits some notable spasmolytic effects. The substitution of oxygen by sulphur in chlorthenoxazine resulted in a complete loss of antiinflammatory activity.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of sermion on the main hemodynamic indices in patients with the initial manifestations of cerebral atherosclerosis].

It has been found that the drug sermion (nicergoline)--a synthetic ergot alkaloid with alpha-adrenoblocking action--produces a pronounced vasoactive (spasmolytic) effect in the elderly patients suffering of initial atherosclerotic encephalopathy. A course of sermion treatment improves, via its effect on the brain and lower extremity vessels, the flow in most involved vascular regions. High concentrations of the drug after intravenous administration of 4 mg of sermion (nicergoline) result in a rise of the sympathetic vascular tone, high adrenoblocking action.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The efferent therapy of the critical state due to status asthmaticus].

A total of 200 patients with severe infection-induced bronchial asthma (BA) admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of status asthmaticus (SA) have been subjected to complex examination. It has been demonstrated that SA is a severe combined toxemia that leads to insensitivity of bronchial receptor apparatus to broncholytic effects and requires efferent therapy. 50 out of 130 patients with I to II and III degree SA were resistant to conventional intensive care procedures. The patients were successfully treated with urgent hemodynamic low-volume fraction extracorporeal hemosorption (EHS). EHS ensures positive hemodynamic and detoxicating effects, removing "critical" concentration of toxic ligands that block broncholytic adrenoreception. The use of efferent therapeutic techniques in SA makes it possible to reduce the mortality rate, promote the condition arrest, relieve the critical condition, reduce the doses of broncho- and spasmolytics, glucocorticoids, facilitate future drug withdrawal, and reduce the duration of the patients' stay in intensive care units.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacology of new ethylenediamine derivatives (ROM-126, ROM-131, MK-142) with antiarrhythmic action. Part I. General pharmacological properties.

Mentioned compounds, studied on several species of animals, decrease blood pressure and the heart rate, modify catecholamine-induced effects, show properties characteristic for the beta-receptor blocking agents. The stated differences being due mainly to the power of their action. These compounds possess also spasmolytic and locally anaesthetic action of various degrees. Only ROM-131 has antihistamine action.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

Current status of calcium channel-blocking drugs after Q wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction.

The calcium channel blockers are useful in treating many cardiovascular disorders. Due to their anti-ischemic and spasmolytic properties, the cardioprotective effects of these agents have been studied in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. This paper will review this application with respect to limitation of infarct size, reduction of mortality, and incident morbidity rates. Of the agents currently available for clinical use, nifedipine has been studied most extensively. This agent shows no beneficial effects and its use can, in fact, be harmful in this setting. Of the few trials that have been conducted with verapamil, none have shown a preventive effect on death, reinfarction, or postinfarction angina. Both verapamil and diltiazem might limit infarct size although further confirmation is required. At the present time, diltiazem is the only agent shown to have short- and long-term benefits on clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The success of prophylactic diltiazem is, however, critically dependent on proper patient selection. In particular, those patients with non-Q wave infarction, normal left ventricular function, or both can be expected to derive the greatest benefit in terms of reduced mortality and incident morbidity.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[The synthesis of P-substituted DL-2-phenylglycine octylesters].

9 Titel compounds (p-RC6H4)CH(NH2.HCl)COO (CH2)7CH3 [R = F, Cl, HO, CH3O, CH3(CH2)3O, C6H5CH2O, CH3, (CH3)2CH and (CH3)2N.HCl] were obtained by esterification of p-substituted DL-2-phenylglycines with octanol either in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride (procedure A) or with thionyl chloride (procedure B). The advantages of the procedure B are the mild conditions, the more pure products, the possibility of esterification of diamino acids, and the stability of alkoxy groups as substituents. The synthesized octylesters are potential antiinflammatory and analgesic substances with spasmolytic activity.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1989

[Traditional and alternative treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis].

The medicine consumption and the employment of alternative treatment were investigated in a material of 117 patients with disseminated sclerosis (DS) considered to be a representative sample of the patients with DS in the County of Funen. This investigation revealed that the preparations most commonly employed to modify the disease among patients with disseminated sclerosis were: spasmolytics, agents to counteract neurogenic bladder symptoms, benzodiazepine and analgesics. The consumption of medicine increased with increasing handicap. Employment of psychopharmaca was commonest in patients in social classes 4 and 5 and in women. In addition, is was found that there was no difference in social class, sex and age among the patients who employ alternative methods of treatment. The patients themselves have not experienced any effect from alternative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The treatment of pregnant women with pyelonephritis].

Results of combined therapy comprising laser treatment of acupuncture sites, venous blood and the renal pelvic mucosa approached through a nephrostomy drain and ureteral catheter have been analyzed in 80 pregnant women with pyelonephritis. Laser treatment supported by antibacterial, fluid, spasmolytic, antihypertensive and immunostimulator therapy proved to be an effective regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of low dose lasers in physiatry].

The prospective study comprised 105 patients treated for six months in the out-patient and in-patient institutions suffering from the syndrome manifested in pain and disturbed functions due to the diseases of the nerve-muscle and bone-connective tissue systems. The group of patients with the vertebro-basilar syndrome was selected by a single-blind controlled trial while the rest constituted the group whose results were preliminary presented. Two modes of laser photobiostimulation were applied: local stimulation and stimulation of acupuncture points. Evaluation of effects were performed by following up subjective troubles, clinical examinations, laboratory analyses and in patients with the vertebro-basilar syndrome by rheoencephalography in addition. The application of the mentioned methods in different pathological states have shown positive results in 78% of patients with analgesic, spasmolytic and antiadematous effects. In patients with the vertebro-basilar syndrome disappearance of subjective troubles was followed by the improved perfusion in the vertebro-basilar system with the mean increase of the amplitude of the rheoencephalographic curve of 0.063 +/- 0.018 oms and the mean shortening of the anacrotic phase of 0.048 +/- 0.019 seconds.

Adolescent↗