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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Continuous monitoring of detrusor pressure in patients with a reflex urinary bladder after spinal cord injury.

In spinal cord injury, the detrusor pressure, as a parameter of urinary bladder dysfunction, is related to incontinence and renal complications. In order to determine the intraindividual variation of maximum pressure and duration of detrusor contractions, in patients with a spinal reflex bladder, the detrusor pressure was registered during 24 hours of physiological filling in 16 patients. Between the bladder contractions the detrusor pressure was low in all patients, indicating high bladder complicance. During contractions the maximum detrusor pressure and its duration varied both inter- and intraindividually. In individual patients, however, mean values during the initial 12 hours correlated with mean values during the final 12 hours. Thus, mean values of a series of contractions appear to be characteristic of each patient and useful in describing the voiding pressure in spinal reflex bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Action of pirenzepine on the human urinary bladder in vitro.

The novel compound pirenzepine was tested for its antimuscarinic effect on the human urinary bladder "in vitro." Its behavior towards the contractions induced by acetylcholine or bethanechol and towards electrically induced contractions was identical to that of atropine. However, its potency was 100 to 300 times lower than that of atropine. Results obtained with ganglion blocking agents, tetrodotoxin and cooled preparations of urinary bladder seem to indicate the virtually total absence of ganglionic cells. On the other hand they point out the fundamental role of post-synaptic muscarinic M2 receptors as the most important component of the cholinergic system in the bladder. Of course the existence of other transmitters released at the cholinergic nerve endings after electrical field stimulation cannot be excluded on the basis of our experiments.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical value of suprapubic prostate and urinary bladder sonography].

With the help of a prospective study of 100 patients, in whom an operation of the prostate was taken into consideration (TUR, adenomectomy, radical operation), the clinical value of the suprapubic sonography of prostate and urinary bladder is presented. The determination of the size of the adenoma and the residual urine is particularly dealt with. Clinical, transurethral and radiological examination methods served as reference methods, in addition to this the weight of the specimen. The study resulted in a high accordance between sonography and reference methods. The fully painless and undangerous suprapubic sonography and prostate and urinary bladder become an integrated constituent of the urological diagnostics and replaces a large part of hitherto performed transurethral examination methods.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

Computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy for the detection of urinary bladder neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) in the detection of bladder neoplasms and to compare CTVC at conventional and reduced milliAmperes-second (mAs) settings. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with known bladder neoplasms from previous conventional cystoscopy were examined with CTVC. The urinary bladder was insufflated with room air and helical CT data were obtained. Virtual images were created using volume rendering algorithms. In eight patients we used both regular (240) and reduced (70) mAs values. The lesions were recorded on transverse tomographic slices and virtual images and compared with conventional cystoscopy, operative and pathology results. RESULTS: All bladder lesions (30) seen on conventional cystoscopy were demonstrated with CTVC. Two lesions detected on imaging studies and subsequently found at operation were not seen on conventional cystoscopy. In a third case of a neobladder, conventional cystoscopy was impossible due to neoplastic involvement of the penis. In all cases the lesions were equally conspicuous with conventional and low mAs values. CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy is a minimally invasive technique that can provide comprehensive information about urinary bladder tumors. Furthermore, low mAs studies are equally effective for the examination of such patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder.

A case of a pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is reported which was treated preoperatively with alpha-receptor-blocking agents. The tumor was operated transurethrally, followed by partial cystectomy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1994

Carcinosarcoma of urinary bladder: report of 5 cases with immunohistologic study.

We studied 5 cases of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder. Immunoperoxidase studies were performed to identify the nature of the tumor and to establish the diagnosis. We suggest that these tumors represent a transition of epithelial to mesenchymal malignancy. Three of our patients had a history of radiation therapy prior to development of carcinosarcoma; of which 2 had a long interval between exposure to radiation and tumor development. Radiation is a risk factor for endometrial carcinosarcoma, and in this report we strongly suggest such an association for the urinary bladder.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of spontaneous pneumothorax due to metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma to the lung].

We reported a case of spontaneous pneumothorax associated with pulmonary metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma. A 73-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain and dyspnea was admitted, who had undergone transurethral resection of the urinary bladder carcinoma and diagnosis of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis based on the chest X-ray film finding one year previously. On admission, chest X-ray film showed right pneumothorax, and the re-expanded chest X-ray film revealed a cystic lesion in the right upper lung field adjacent to the anterior chest wall, corresponding to the previous pulmonary lesion. Three months later, right thoracotomy was performed because of relapse accompanying by profuse air-leakage. There was a pleural fistula on the surface of the cystic lesion and necrotic tissue in it. Drainage bronchi were involved by surrounding tumorous tissue. Histological examination of the specimen from the cyst wall disclosed metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The probable mechanism of the spontaneous pneumothorax probable consisted of stenosis of the right B3 bronchus caused by the metastatic tumor produced a check valve mechanism leading to cystic lesion, the rupture of which caused the spontaneous pneumothorax.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Perforation of the urinary bladder with retroperitoneal abscess formation and septic shock following diagnostic curettage].

A case of perforation of the urinary bladder is presented which occurred occasionally a diagnostic curettage. At admission there was a severe septic shock. After intensive treatment the diagnosis of perforation of urinary bladder was made by intravenous urography and cystography. Laparotomy with closure of the perforation, lavage of abdomen and drainage of the pouch of Douglas made a total recovery.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

A finite deformation theory of the urinary bladder.

In the previous work, A Finite Deformation Theory of Intravesical Pressure and Mural Stress of the Urinary Bladder, we adopted the functional form of the strain-energy density W proposed by Valanis and Landel. In the present paper, the density W of the bladder is expressed as a function of the three principal invariants of the strain tensors. The reason why we adopted these variables is that in the molecular theory of rubber elasticity the W is known to be a simple function of those invariants, and we regarded the urinary bladder as an incompressible isotropic material like a rubber. The result is, however, the same as the previous one. It is also pointed out that the famous Moony-Rivlin plot is not applicable to the bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Promoting effect of the peroxisome proliferator, clofibrate, but not di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in F344 rats initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

The modifying potential of clofibrate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on second stage, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-initiated urinary bladder carcinogenesis was investigated in male F344 rats, using a uracil-accelerated transitional cell proliferation model. Six-week-old animals received 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then clofibrate (1.0, 0.5, and 0.25%) and DEHP (1.2, 0.6, and 0.3%) were given during experimental weeks 5-8 and weeks 12-20. Uracil was administered during weeks 9-11 at a dietary level of 3.0%. Control rats were treated with BBN and uracil without peroxisome proliferator. Surviving animals were killed at the end of week 20 of the experiment, when the densities of putative preneoplastic, papillary or nodular (PN) hyperplasias (numbers per 10 cm of basement membrane) were significantly increased in all clofibrate-treated, but not the DEHP groups. The incidences of PN hyperplasia were similar in both treated animals and controls. In a second experiment, rats fed diets containing 1.0% clofibrate or 1.2% DEHP were assessed for levels of DNA synthesis in urinary bladder epithelium by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. Numbers of labeled nuclei remained within normal levels, and no proliferative changes were evident. Thus, the present experiments indicated that while clofibrate, but not DEHP, exerts weak enhancing effects on BBN-initiated urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats this is not associated with increased levels of DNA synthesis in the affected epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of vasopressin on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in toad urinary bladder.

The effect of vasopressin on the toad urinary bladder has been shown to be mediated by cyclic AMP. It has been assumed that, as demonstrated for other systems, this involves activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. In order to test this hypothesis we investigated the effect of vasopressin on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in epithelial cells of toad bladders. About 80% of protein kinase activity and cyclic AMP-binding capacity was found to be in the cytosol. DEAE-cellulose chromatography showed a pattern of 15--20% type I and 80--85% type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Cytosolic kinase was activated 3--4-fold by cyclic AMP with half-maximal activation at 5 . 10(-8) M. Similarly, half-maximal binding of cyclic AMP occurred at 7 . 10(-8) M. Incubation of toad bladders in Ringer's solution containing 0.1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, prior to homogenization and assay, showed stable cyclic AMP-binding capacity and protein kinase ratio --cyclic AMP/+cyclic AMP. Exposure of bladders to 10 mU/ml of vasopressin for 10 min caused intracellular activation of protein kinase and decrease in cyclic AMP-binding capacity that were maintained for at least 30 min. Incubation of bladders with increasing concentrations of vasopressin (0.5--100 mU/ml) resulted in a discrepancy between a progressive increase in cyclic AMP levels and a levelling off at 10 mU/ml of vasopressin for the changes in protein kinase ratio and cyclic AMP-binding capacity. The increase in kinase ratio was due to higher activity in the absence of exogenous cyclic AMP and was fully inhibitable by a specific protein kinase inhibitor. Using Sephadex G-25-CM50 column chromatography for separation of holoenzyme and free catalytic subunit we demonstrated that the activation of protein kinase in the vasopressin-treated bladders is due to intracellular dissociation of the kinase. These results show that the effect of vasopressin on the toad bladder involves activation of a cytosolic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The time course and the dose-response curve of the kinase activation closely parallel vasopressin's effect on osmotic water flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Barium granuloma involving urinary bladder.

The first case of barium granuloma involving urinary bladder is reported. Surgical removal was the treatment of choice. Histological diagnosis was foreign body granuloma with xanthomatous inflammation. The foreign body was identified as barium by analytical electron microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Relation between cell length and force production in urinary bladder smooth muscle.

Guinea-pig and rabbit urinary bladders were fixed in glutaraldehyde at different volumes. Strips were dissected out, embedded and cut for phase contrast and electron microscopy. Muscle wall thickness decreased with increased bladder volume as did the radial number of muscle cells. Cell length, measured by a morphometric method increased linearly with bladder radius, indicating that no slippage between the muscle cells occurred. Number of cells per mm2 cross sectional area increased linearly with bladder radius. Volume-active force relations were obtained by pelvic nerve stimulations of guinea pig bladders filled to different volumes. Maximum pressure was obtained at 0.15 ml bladder volume, and maximum wall tension at a volume of 2.5 ml which corresponds to a cell length of 400 micrometers and a cell packing density of about 107 000 x mm-2. Estimation of the length-active tension curve for the average muscle cell in the guinea-pig bladder indicated a maximum active force of 5.5 microN/cell. Maximum active force per cm2 muscle bundle was calculated to be about 59 N. No compensation for extracellular space and nonmuscular tissue within the muscle bundle was made.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Selective inhibition of osmotic water flow by general anesthetics to toad urinary bladder.

Vasopressin increases the permeability of the total urinary bladder, an analogue of the mammalian renal collecting duct, to water and small solutes, especially the amide urea. We have observed that three general anesthetic agents of clinical importance, the gases methoxyflurane and halothane and the ultrashortacting barbiturate methohexital, reversibly inhibit vasopressin-stimulated water flow, but do not depress permeability to urea, or the the lipophilic solute diphenylhydantoin. In contrast to their effects in vasopressin-treated bladders, the anesthetics do not inhibit cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow, consistent with an effect on vasopressin-responsive adenylate cyclase. The selectivity of the anesthetic-induced depression of water flow suggests that separate adenylate cyclases and cyclic AMP pools may exist for control of water and urea permeabilities in to toad bladder. Furthermore, theophylline's usual stimulatory effect on water flow, but not its effect on urea permeability, was entirely abolished in methoxyflurane-treated bladders, suggesting that separate phosphodiesterases that control water and urea permeabilities are present as well. We conclude that the majority of water and urea transport takes place via separate pathways across the rate-limiting luminal membrane of the bladder cell, and that separate vasopressin-responsive cellular pools of cyclic AMP appear to control permeability to water and to urea.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed2002

Lack of enhancing effect of two Kampo medicines, Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) and Sairei-to (TJ-114), on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

The modifying potential of two Kampo medicines (Japanese traditional herbal medicines), Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) and Sairei-to (TJ-114), on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male F344 rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)- nitrosamine (BBN) was evaluated. Groups of 20 animals were given 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then 0.7 or 2.8% TJ-9, 0.9 or 3.6% TJ-114, or 3.0% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) as a positive control substance in their diet for 32 weeks. All rats were killed after 36 weeks and examined histopathologically. No adverse effects of the test compounds were found in terms of survival, clinical sign, and body weight. Administration of 0.7 and 2.8% TJ-9 and 0.9 and 3.6% TJ-114 in the diet did not affect the incidences or extent of PN hyperplasia in the BBN-treated rats. Incidences and multiplicities of papillomas were also not affected in rats fed 0.7 or 2.8% TJ-9 and 0.9% TJ-114, while they were significantly decreased in animals given 3.6% TJ-114 in the diet. The results thus demonstrated that neither of the test chemicals exerted any promotional activity on urinary bladder carcinogenesis, in clear contrast to NaHCO(3). In addition, bladder carcinogenesis was reduced by 3.6% TJ-114 in the diet, under the present experimental conditions.

Animals↗