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PubMed1983

[Body build and soft tissue malignancies].

The distribution of somatotypes in 143 patients with tumors of soft tissues and in more than 980 apparently healthy subjects is presented. A relationship between this disease and body build was established. It was shown to depend upon sex, age and the degree of somatotype expression greatly. Men revealed a clearcut prevalence of the underdeveloped transitory somatotypes in all age groups, ectomorphic occurring in males under 44. In women, the number of pronounced endomorphic somatotypes was relatively high in all age groups, ectomorphic types prevailing at the age below 44 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Chemical modification of anticancer agents from viewpoints of their pharmacokinetics].

Many derivatives modifying chemical structures have been synthesized from several drugs. These include following antibiotics: adriamycin; 4'-epiadriamycin, THP-adriamycin, demethoxy-daunomycin, aclacinomycin, mitomycin C; 7N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C, bleomycin; peplomycin, oilbleomycin, neocarzinostatin; macromomycin, and following antimetabolites: 5-FU; tegafur, HCFU, 5'-DFUR, phthalidyl-5-FU, FUdR; TK-117, FF-705, Ara-C; behenoyl-Ara-C. Most derivatives of antibiotics were a low toxic type and showed a shorter distribution time and a rapid inactivation, except peplomycin and 4-demethoxy-daunomycin. Antimetabolite derivatives were a masked type. They were activated to 5-FU, FUdR or Ara-C and persisted for a long time in the body. The mode of activation and KADME varied each other. By considering these pharmacokinetic behaviors, a suitable method of administration should be established.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Successful regional immunotherapy with cell-wall skeletons of BCG and Nocardia rubra against autochthonous rat tumors.

Autochthonous tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in the thigh of Fischer 344 rats were treated by nonspecific immunotherapy with cell-wall skeleton of BCG (BCG-CWS) or Nocardia rubra (N-CWS) after incomplete radiotherapy. When MCA-induced autochthonous tumors grew to 3 cm in diameter, they were resected and autografted to the contralateral thigh. When the autografted tumors reached 1 cm in diameter, they were exposed to a single irradiation with 2000 rad giving rise to complete shrinkage in 16.6% of the cases. The rates of complete shrinkage were increased to 36.4% and 58.3%, respectively, by combined regional immunotherapy with BCG-CWS or N-CWS. Furthermore, immunoprophylactic effects of BCG-CWS and N-CWS were also detected in this experimental system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Derivation of transplantable 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced chicken fibrosarcoma lines: differences in metastasizing properties and organ specificity.

Several transplantable 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced SC chicken fibrosarcoma (CHCT-NYU) lines were studied for their ability to grow in internal organs after iv injection (artificial metastases) into 1- to 3-week-old chickens. Some tumor lines were recently derived, whereas others were studied after many serial subcutaneous transplantations. STriking similarities as well as differences were found between tumor lines' ability to grow in various organs. Artificial metastases were seen primarily in the stomach, pancreas, lungs, heart, and muscle, and occasionally also in the kidneys and in the liver. Agammaglobulinemic recipients showed more extensive organ involvement than normal recipients of the same age. Whole-body gamma-irradation also enhanced the incidence of artificial metastases, particularly in lungs. Antibody from the serum of a primary tumor-bearing host reduced the growth of the corresponding tumor in many organs. The metastatic pattern of line CHCT-NYU4 was a relatively stable property, since there was little difference in the internal localization of these tumor cells studied before and after 15 serial subcutaneous transplants. However, intravenous transplantation of tumor cells from line CHCT-NYU4 taken from the liver, lungs, and pancreas of a single recipient established sublines with changes in organ specificity. After a few such serial transplants of liver-derived tumor, a line was derived that grew virtually in the liver alone. A subline with preference for growth in lungs was also obtained, but its ability to grow in the pancreas persisted. A pancreas-derived tumor line also grew in the liver and lungs. Subcutaneous transplants of tissue fragments of the lung-derived tumor line caused the appearance of spontaneous metastases in lungs. The incidence of spontaneous metastases with the lung-derived line was much greater than that with the liver-derived line or with the original CHCT-NYU4 line.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1983

Monensin inhibition of hyaluronate synthesis in rat fibrosarcoma cells.

Evidence is presented that monensin-sensitive membranes, presumably the Golgi apparatus, are involved in the synthesis of hyaluronate in rat fibrosarcoma cells. Monensin caused the inhibition of incorporation of metabolic precursors into hyaluronate produced by rat fibrosarcoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Maximum inhibition (70-80%) was obtained on treatment with 10(-7) M monensin for 24 h. Incorporation of label into secreted hyaluronate and into that associated with the cell surface was inhibited, but incorporation into intracellular hyaluronate was not inhibited. In 3T3 cells, treatment for 24 h with 10(-7) M monensin inhibited incorporation of label only into secreted hyaluronate. The hyaluronate-rich pericellular coat, revealed by exclusion of fixed red blood cells, was depleted on treatment with monensin under the same conditions which caused inhibition of hyaluronate synthesis in the fibrosarcoma cells. Cell proliferation, as measured by DNA content/culture and [3H]thymidine incorporation, was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by monensin (10(-8)-10(-6) M). Protein synthesis was not inhibited at these doses, nor was monensin cytotoxic as judged by a 51Cr release assay. The inhibition of hyaluronate synthesis was independent of the antiproliferative effect of monensin because it was obtained during log phase growth or confluency and in the presence or in the absence of serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Toxicity to tumour cells of diethylaminoreserpine.

Diethylaminoreserpine (DL-152), an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, has been shown to kill clonogenic cells of the KHT fibrosarcoma when the drug is given intraperitoneally to the tumour-bearing mouse. DL-152 shows a greater toxicity to acutely hypoxic cells than to aerated cells. Following DL-152 injection, the number of surviving clonogenic tumour cells fell progressively until a minimum level was reached at 48 h after injection; repopulation commenced immediately and proceeded rapidly. The extent of cell killing following DL-152 injection was directly proportional to the size of the tumour at the time of treatment. A single injection of DL-152 produced no measurable change in the growth rate of small tumours. Treatment of larger tumours however, induced a period of slow growth followed by a return to the rate of growth observed in controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Histogenesis of giant cell tumors of bone. comparative, ultrastructural and histo-enzymologic study of osteoforming tumors and malignant and giant cell tumors].

Comparative ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of 10 osteogenic (4 osteosarcomas), osteolytic (3 benign giant cell tumours, 2 malignant osteoclastomas) and fibrosarcomatous osseous tumours of the jaw emphasised the analogies between osteoblasts and fibroblastic stromal cells of giant cell tumours. These two cell types, with their abundant granular ergastoplasm, secrete a collagen interstitial fibrillary substance which is capable of secondary calcification. Their enzyme activities, with regard to oxidative mechanisms and protein synthesis are identical. Osteogenic activity as assessed by ATPase and alkaline phosphatase, more marked than in osteosarcomas, is also found in the stroma of benign giant cell tumours. With regard to the plasmodes characteristic of giant cell tumours, they are certainly original from both a morphological and enzymological standpoint : richness in mitochondria and lysosomes, intensity of oxidative reactions (B.O.H.B.D. +++). Nevertheless, the morphological appearances seen would be more in favour of their stromal origin than in their arising from monocytes-macrophages coming from the blood.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

[Ultrastructural study on formal pathogenesis of experimentally induced rhabdomyosarcomas (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: During oncogenesis the rhabdomyosarcomas pass different stages of differentiation. In experimentally induced rhabdomyosarcomas the chronological sequence of cytoplasmatic changes can be analysed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 10 mg 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz-anthracene were injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly in the hind-paw of Wistar rats with 100 gms weight. 30, 60, 105, and 150 days later the animals were killed and specimens withdrawn. The soft-tissue was prepared for light- and electron-microscopy. RESULTS: In the soft-tissue tumors, experimentally produced with DMBA, 4 different cell types can be observed, which--depending on exposition time--dominate in the histological picture: (1) The myofibrillar cells. These cells are similar to rhabdomyocytes and contain numerous cytoplasmatic fibrillae with sarcomere-like structure. (2) The myofilamentous cells. These cells contain the fibrillar structure, but without sarcomere-like arrangement. (3) The undifferentiated sarcoma cells. These cells show a pathologically changed ergastoplasm and chondrioma. (4) The matured fibrosarcoma cells are nearly similar to fibrocytes. Under the cytoplasmatic changes especially the hyperplasia of the chondrioma can be observed, in which dystrophic megamitochondriae are found. These possibly reflect the abnormal glycolysis in cancer tissue. Also mitochondrial antibodies are discussed at the form pathogenesis of this change in organelles. Regarding the change of the endoplasmatic reticulu, the annulatae lamellae can be noticed which are typical for tumor cells. Furthermore megacisterns are found, in which protein-containing material is condensed as a consequence of a disturbed synthesis and secretion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancement of experimental pulmonary metastasis and inhibition of subcutaneously transplanted tumor growth following cryosurgery.

We have previously reported that inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses and a corresponding enhancement of metastatic tumor growth occurred in rats following cryosurgery of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced WKA rat fibrosarcoma (KMT-17). In this study, to evaluate the enhancement of metastasis arising from the inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses following cryosurgery, we examined how cryosurgery affected experimental pulmonary metastasis and the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumor. To reveal the effect of cryosurgery on pulmonary metastasis, rats received a subcutaneous inoculation of KMT-17 tumor in the right flank (1 x 10(6)) and i.v. injection (1 x 10(5)) on the same day or 4 days later. The right flank tumors were treated with cryosurgery 5 days after subcutaneous transplantation. The pulmonary metastasis of the rats, which were injected i.v. one day before treatment, was enhanced by cryosurgery as compared with surgical excision, though the pulmonary metastasis of rats, which were injected i.v. 5 days before treatment, was un-affected by cryosurgery. These observations suggest that cryosurgery may enhance the pulmonary metastasis in its early steps but has no effects in its later stages. To reveal the effect of cryosurgery on the growth of distant tumors, rats received subcutaneous inoculations of KMT-17 tumor in the right (1 x 10(6)) and left (1 x 10(4) approximately 10(5)) flanks. Tumors in the right flank were treated with cryosurgery 5 days after inoculation and the growth of untreated left flank tumors was observed. In this double grafted tumor system, however, cryosurgery significantly inhibited the growth of the untreated left flank tumors. Spleen cells obtained from rats which had undergone cryosurgery 4 or 10 days previously (cryo-spleen cells) were used for in vivo neutralizing Winn assay. Antitumor activity of cryo-spleen cells was decreased as compared with that of rats after surgical excision in both spleen cells from 4 and 10 days after treatment. These findings suggest that effector cells in the spleen may not participate in subcutaneous tumor regression and that the evaluation of antitumor effect using the double grafted tumor system needs caution.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Stimulation of non-specific resistance and specific immune response against tumours in mice by synthetic muramyl dipeptide.

Synthetic MDP administered in an aqueous medium at relatively high doses stimulates non-specific and specific tumour immunity. Non-specific inhibition of tumour growth was observed in B10 mice injected with 1 mg of MDP 14 days before transplantation of 3-Mc-induced sarcoma cells. Muramyl dipeptide in an aqueous medium increases specific tumour immunity when injected in the dose of 1 mg per mouse together with irradiated tumour cells.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗