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PubMed1952

ANNOTATIONS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1992

Annotated guidelines on gifts to physicians from industry. American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs.

We have responded on an individual basis to many requests for interpretations of grey areas in the opinion on gifts from industry since its release in December 1990, and many physicians and companies asked for a detailed list of these interpretations. While the council agrees with the concerns several individuals have expressed about additional rules, it authorized this revised list of questions and answers which replaces the earlier draft. It also established three main principles for future implementation: 1. The key principles of the guidelines should be carefully observed by physicians, and the AMA will remain active in attempting to secure compliance by its members. The overriding rule is that individual physicians should not accept substantial gifts from industry, even if the gift has an educational or patient benefit. It is important that the profession set clear and enforceable standards in this regard. 2. Professional associations should make their own interpretations of the appropriateness of gifts to them from industry. Under appropriate conditions, associations of physicians may, of course, receive gifts from industry. 3. Neither the council nor its staff will attempt to regulate minor issues or minute details of compliance. For many situations there are no yes or no answers. Some black letter rules are necessary so that conduct that should be changed is changed. In addition, they aid companies which want to comply with the spirit as well as the letter of the guidelines without putting themselves at a competitive disadvantage. The six points of the Opinion cover most situations and compliance to date has been good.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1984

Carnitine deficiency as the possible etiology of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse: case study with speculative annotation.

UNLABELLED: Idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (IMVP) is a very common cardiac abnormality that may be linked to carnitine deficit (inadequate nutritional intake or absorption). One patient with IMVP and related symptoms that were resistant to drug therapy was fully studied. Free plasma carnitine and 24-hour free urine carnitine were measured twice, 10 days apart, after an overnight fast. FINDINGS: Free plasma carnitine 23 and 28 microM/L (our laboratory N=38+/-2 microM/L); free urine C 25 and 44 microM/24 hr (N=255+/-66 microM/24 hr); FFA 0.88 mEq/L, Duncombe method (N=0.09-0.60); LDL 42% (N = 44-65); cholesterol 161 mg/dl (N = 180-280); triglycerides 84 mg/dl (N = 50-172); SGOT 79 MU/ml (N = up to 40); SGPT 147 MU/ml (N = up to 40); OCT 11.2 MU/ml (N = up to 10.0); aldolase 11.5 MU/ml (N = up to 3.1, Bruns method). Deltoid biopsy: light microscopy showed the presence of optically empty vacuoles; electron microscopy showed lipid droplets near the subsarcolemma area and intermyofibrillar spaces. The mitochondria contained electron dense granules. The electromyogram was also abnormal. In a random sample of four patients with IMVP and related classic symptoms, we have found low levels of plasma and/or urinary carnitine in each case. This study may be the first step towards L-carnitine therapy for what has previously appeared to be idiopathic cardiomyopathy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

An annotated checklist of Hymenolepidid cestodes described from birds: 1983-2002.

A survey of the literature covering the period from January 1983 to December 2002 revealed that 17 genera and 106 species of cestodes belonging to the family Hymenolepididae have been described from birds since the publication of Schmidt's Handbook of Tapeworm Identification (his literature search terminated in March, 1983). Although the family has been revised recently, Schmidt's monograph provides the most recent list of species within the family. This work updates the list of species reported from avian hosts and includes data on the host, and collection locality along with the dimensions of the strobila, the number and length of the rostellar hooks, where applicable, and the dimensions of the cirrus sac as reported in original descriptions.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Contextual annotation of web pages for interactive browsing.

With the information on the World Wide Web and in specialized databases exploding, researchers and physicians are in dire need to browse efficiently though the large corpus of information resources in their field of interest. The focus is not any longer to find everything related to your interest, but it shifts to zooming in, based on context and expanding again in neighboring knowledge domains. This paper describes an attempt to develop a completely new, interactive way of browsing distributed corpora of information without the need for multiple different queries in different information resources. Classical search engines generally treat search requests in isolation. The results for a given query are identical, and do not automatically take on board the context in which the user made the request. The system described here explores implicit contexts as obtained from the document that the user is reading. The new approach merges the searching and browsing into one combined "read-and-search" mode and alleviates the shift users are normally forced to between searching and reading.

Hypermedia↗
PubMed2004

Annotating significant pairs of transcription factor binding sites in regulatory DNA.

In the presented work we search for transcription factor binding sites (BS) by including additional information about typical BS patterns. The new proposed score combines the ordinary profile score based on TRANSFAC-matrices together with a score based on pairs of BS. The latter score positively weights pairs of BS that tend to occur together in many regulatory DNA-sequences, in contrast to a random background model. The empirical BS pair frequencies result from our evaluation of a large dataset of orthologous genes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Defense of Ovid: annotations on Metamorphoses IV 119-123)].

The description of Pyramus' suicide in the Metamorphoses has been commented on by many scholars. There has been particular criticism of the comparison between the unfortunate lover's wound, squirting out blood, and a burst water-main. This has been supposed to show yet again how Ovid, in spite of his undoubtedly great talent, is capable of ruining a story by exaggeration. Nevertheless, a medical look at his wording leads to quite a different judgement. In his simile of the burst water-main Ovid obviously had in mind the haemorrhage from a damaged femoral artery, which can shoot blood to a considerable distance, sometimes over several yards. Only in this way can the fruits of the mulberry tree, hanging high over the wounded Pyramus, be moistened with blood and painted dark. This is, after all, the metamorphosis which justifies the inclusion of the story in the whole corpus. As it is possible for a person fatally wounded in this way to survive for some hours, the poet has to guarantee that Pyramus dies within minutes of turning his sword against himself. Only so can Thisbe, returning quickly, confess her love for Pyramus in such a heartfelt way and follow him at once. The haemorrhage from a femoral artery my indeed kill a person within a few minutes. Therefore Ovid's description is neither gruesome nor tasteless but simply natural and dramatically conclusive. The comparison with the water-main is one which would easily have occurred to the poet. From Ovid' point of view and that of his contemporaries, who had no knowledge of the circulation of the blood, no better comparison can be imagined than that between the blood vessels of the human body and urban water-pipes, a technical achievement of which the Romans were particularly proud.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1992

Annotated bibliography of hypertext/hypermedia in the health sciences.

Hypertext and hypermedia are important new methods of learning and instruction for the health sciences. Articles cited in this bibliography deal with the creation, development, and implementation of hypertext/hypermedia programs in both academic and clinical environments.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2005

Annotated bibliography: effects of sleep position and play position on motor development in early infancy.

The prevalence of prone sleeping has decreased dramatically since the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published sleep position guidelines and launched the Back to Sleep Campaign in 1992. One aspect of the guidelines, which suggests placing infants in the prone position for supervised play time, is often overlooked. This review summarizes published articles related to the effects of sleep/play position on motor development and provides considerations for physical and occupational therapy practice in early infancy. The study results suggested that delays in the attainment of gross motor milestones in the prone position could be observed in infants whose predominant sleep position was supine, but the delays in motor development disappeared later in life. Some studies also found a reverse order of the rolling development. Therapists should educate parents about the less known advised rules of supervised play time in the prone position by the AAP, and include activities in the prone position as part of the home program in early infancy.

Child Development↗
PubMed1992

[Annotation to the mitochondrial genome].

After a brief explanation of the mitochondrial function, especially in the relation to the inner-cell coordination, the study analyzed the mitochondrial hypertroph-dilatative cardiomyopathy, myopathy and scrapie which were recently tied to the "D-loop fragment" of the mtDNA. Any primary connection between viral unconventional slow infections and the mitochondrial genome seems unlikely. It is argued in the study that this category of diseases can be much better explained through the transfer of the so-called mobile retroelements.

Animals↗