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PubMed1980

[The importance of the ciliary muscle in controlling aqueous humor outflow in the human eye (author's transl)].

Complicated mechanisms are involved in changes in the ease of aqueous outflow in the chamber angle region. One of these mechanisms is described: The outer trabecular lamellae in the cribriform meshwork extending into the scleral spur should be regarded as tendons of the outer Brükke's muscle. Contraction of the muscle bundle leads to a histometrically measurable expansion of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal and thereby to an increase in the resorptive contact area. It may therefore be assumed that this part of the ciliary muscle is able to take part in the regulation of the outflow process, inasmuch as a contraction and other outflow regulation systems. The system described, and other outflow regulation systems, may therefore play a decisive role in respect of intraocular pressure levels.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed2001

[The pH reaction in aqueous humor to antiglaucoma agents of various concentrations and pH levels].

The authors investigated the effect on pH of the aqueous humour in man (collected before surgery of senile cataract, where the pH of the aqueous humour was within the range of 6.80-7.46 (7.11 +/- 0.11), after administration of antiglaucomatic drugs with a different concentration and pH (0.005% Xalatan--pH 6.43, 0.5% Timoptol--pH 6.80, 1% Pilocarpine--pH 5.87, 2% Trusopt--pH 5.33) under conditions in vitro. All mentioned antiglaucomatic drugs immediately reduced the pH of the aqueous humour towards acid values in the following order: Trusopt-Xalatan-Pilocarpine-Timoptol. pH changes of aqueous humour after addition of Timoptol, Xalatan, Pilocarpine have the same course in time, and shift to alkaline pH values. The pH of aqueous humour after addition of Trusopt reached only during the 240th minute levels of the control aqueous humour. The pH values after all antiglaucomatic drugs did not change between 240 minutes and 24 hours. As regards the rate of activity and extent of effect in conjunction with the time when the pH of the control aqueous humour was attained the authors recorded the following order: Pilocarpine-Timoptol-Xalatan-Trusopt.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Ocular toxoplasmosis. Comparison between two biological methods to study aqueous humor].

To diagnose ocular toxoplasmosis with certainty is often difficult and requires anti Toxoplasma gondii antibodies screening in the aqueous humour. We evaluated the results obtained in 30 controls and 5 patients investigated, using the ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence techniques to determine Desmonts's C coefficient and the sera/aqueous humour densities ratio obtained with ELISA. None of the chorioretinitis-free controls showed a false positive result. Negative serum antibodies levels indicated an absence of ocular toxoplasmosis. The sensitivity of this method depends on several biological parameters, notably the extent of ocular inflammation. Evaluating the C coefficient by the ELISA technique increases this sensitivity.

Albumins↗
PubMed2002

Late-onset transconjunctival oozing and point leak of aqueous humor from filtering bleb after trabeculectomy.

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and identify factors related to late-onset transconjunctival aqueous oozing and point leak from functioning blebs after trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin C. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS SETTING: The study took place at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine (Tokyo, Japan). Four hundred three consecutive patients (403 eyes) with functional blebs at least 3 months after previously performed trabeculectomy were examined between December 1997 and February 1998. The Seidel test was performed with extended observation up to 15 seconds. Oozing was identified as transconjunctival aqueous egress without interruption of the conjunctival tissue or aqueous stream on the bleb wall. Logistic regression analyses of oozing and point leak in 331 eyes with an avascular area were performed using independent variables, including age, gender, glaucoma diagnosis, prior incisional surgery, antimetabolite use, combined cataract surgery, postoperative follow-up period, intraocular pressure (IOP), concurrent glaucoma therapy, bleb size, and avascular area size. RESULTS: Of 403 eyes, 48 eyes (11.9%) had oozing and 8 eyes (2.0%) had point leak. Intraocular pressure was significantly lower and an avascular area was more frequent in eyes with oozing or leak than in eyes without (P <.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that oozing was significantly more common after use of 5-FU than mitomycin C (P =.024), whereas point leak was associated with a larger avascular area (P =.045). CONCLUSIONS: After trabeculectomy with antimetabolites, transconjunctival oozing is much more frequent than point leak. Oozing was significantly associated with the use of 5-FU and point leak with a larger avascular area in the bleb.

Antimetabolites↗
PubMed1985

[Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in perilymph, aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid].

Since metronidazole is very effective against anaerobic bacteria, we studied its pharmacokinetics in perilymph, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humour, and serum. 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 16.5 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg metronidazole to six groups of six guinea pigs each, we determined the drug concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In the serum, 1, 2 and 16.5 hours after application, drug levels of 194 +/- 22 mg/l, 127 +/- 54 mg/l and 2 +/- 1 mg/l respectively were found. Half-life was 6 hours. Similar high and long-lasting concentrations could be determined in the aqueous humour, cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph. In contrast to our findings with aminoglycoside antibiotics, beta lactam antibiotics and fosfomycin, we could not observe any retention of metronidazole in the perilymph.

Animals↗