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At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Interrelationship between functional state of the right ventricle and severity of heart failure in patients with ischemic heart disease and depressed left ventricular function].

Dobutamine Doppler echocardiography was carried out in 56 patients (n=56) with ischemic heart disease and depressed left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%) and chronic heart failure. Clinical signs of heart failure were moderate (NYHA class I-II) in 34 and severe (NYHA class III-IV) in 22 patients. Patients with moderate and severe clinical heart failure had similar degree of left ventricular myocardium impairment however those with severe symptoms had more pronounced right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (greater suppression of global and local RV contractility, greater percentage of irreversibly dysfunctional RV myocardium, lower RV contractile response to dobutamine infusion, more pronounced disturbances of RV diastolic filling). Dependence of RV pump function on pulmonary artery pressure was more evident in patients with severe clinical heart failure and marked dysfunction of RV myocardium than in patients with moderate symptoms and moderate RV myocardial dysfunction.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of the accuracy of line spread function (LSF) and point spread function (PSF) measured in the computed tomography.].

We propose a method to estimate the accuracy of the line spread function (LSF) in computed tomography (CT). When we assume an object for scanning has a shape and CT-value in the x-y scan-plane that are constant in the z-direction perpendicular to the scan-plane, blurring in the image of the object is predicted with calculation by the LSF measured in the scanner. When using the precise LSF, the calculated image must agree well with the scanned image of the phantom corresponding to the object. Then, verification of LSF is performed by comparing the calculated image with the scanned image. We measured the LSF in our scanner, and scanned a cylindrical phantom with constant diameter and CT-value in which the direction of cylinder was parallel to the z-direction, as mentioned above. Images calculated by using the LSF corresponded well to scanned images, indicating the validity of the LSF. We obtained another LSF by an inappropriate manner, and calculated images using it. Those images showed an apparent difference with scanned images, indicating the inaccuracy of the LSF. Our technique is effective to evaluate the accuracy of LSF, PSF, and also modulation transfer function (MTF) derived from the LSF or PSF.

Phantoms, Imaging↗
PubMed1991

Subunit function in eukaryote cytochrome c oxidase. A mutation in the nuclear-coded subunit IV allows assembly but alters the function and stability of yeast cytochrome c oxidase.

Strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupted in YCOX4, the nuclear gene encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, do not assemble a functional or spectrally visible oxidase. We report the characterization of a yeast strain, RM1, expressing a mutated YCOX4 gene which is temperature sensitive for respiration at 37 degrees C, but incorporates cytochrome aa3 over all growth temperatures. The mutant enzyme is less stable than the wild type, with subunit IV readily proteolyzed without gross denaturation of the complex but with a concomitant loss of oxidase activity. When grown fermentatively at 37 degrees C, cytochrome c oxidase from the mutant strain had a turnover number of less than 3% of the normal complex, while Km values and subunit levels were comparable to normal. Thus alterations in subunit IV can perturb the enzyme structure and alter its catalytic rate, implying a role for this subunit in cytochrome c oxidase function as distinct from assembly.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional brain studies with H2(15)O-PET: strategies and problems for approaching higher brain functions with H2(15)O-PET.

Activation study using H2(15)O and PET is promising as a noninvasive approach to higher brain functions in humans. However before reaching a more complex paradigm, many fundamental problems need to be solved. In this study, we investigated the following issues: (1) reproducibility of regional cerebral blood flow in the resting state as measured by this method, (2) effect of physiological stimulation on cerebral blood flow, and (3) identification of activated areas on anatomical structures. Our data suggest that relative CBF images and their paired subtraction are more suitable for tapping functional localization. Changes in rCBF in the association cortex for more complicated tasks are, in general, smaller than those in the primary cortex. Combined display of PET images with three-dimensional reconstructed brain surface MR images was the most reliable technique for anatomical identification of the activated site.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

[D-penicillamine does not affect the liver and kidney function in newborn infants nor the in vitro function of phagocytes].

D-penicillamine was introduced to treat neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in 1973 and to prevent retinopathy of prematurity in 1980. In this study we investigated the renal and liver functions of neonates treated with DPA and the in vitro effect of the drug on superoxide anion generation and beta-glucuronidase release as well as on phagocytic and intracellular killing activation on human peripheral blood granulocytes. Our data concerning the renal and liver functions before and after 3 to 4 days DPA treatment reveal no pathological change during short-term administration in the neonatal period. Furthermore, none of the examined DPA concentrations influenced the phagocytic or killing activity of neutrophils.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Life-threatening post-nephrolithotomy hemorrhage resulting in cessation of kidney function, treated by transcatheter arterial embolization with subsequent restoration of excretory function.

A massive post-nephrolithotomy renal hemorrhage was successfully controlled by selective arterial embolization using Gelfoam particles. Prior to embolization, the kidney showed no excretory function due to complete obstruction of its collecting system by blood clots. Long-term observation revealed restoration of excretory function of the treated kidney and only minimal loss of its parenchyma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Improving function by decortication. Functional studies with particular evaluation of lung perfusion scintigraphy].

The study presents functional and scintigraphic lung perfusion measurements before and after decortication of 9 patients treated for chronic pleural empyema with special emphasis to changes in perfusion scintigraphy. Preoperatively, the average vital capacity was 60% and the average FEV1 was 65% of the predicted. Perfusion of the affected side showed an average reduction to 22%. After decortication all functional data showed an improvement (average VC 78.5%, average FEV1 79.5%) the percentage of lung perfusion having increased to a mean of 37.8%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Functional parameters and occlusion of partial dentures as a function of the type of attachment].

Patients with mandibular removable partial free-end dentures were monitored for two years. Functional and occlusal parameters were evaluated for a possible association with the type of attachment. Signs and symptoms of clinical functional disturbances were found to be independent of the type of attachment. In cases with tapered or telescopic crowns occlusal stability was maintained longer than in cases with clasps.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transfer function analysis of the ventricular function: a new method for calculating right ventricular ejection fraction.

The relationship between the ventricular transfer function and ejection fraction has been investigated by the routine procedure of first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography. Ejection fraction has been shown to equal 1-e(-b), where b is the ratio of the R-R interval over the mean transit time difference between ventricular and atrial time-activity curves. To evaluate the effect of region of interest (ROI) on the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), the results of the transfer function analysis (TFA) technique using precise ROI, TFA using rectangular ROI, and the routine method were compared. Regression analyses among RVEFs obtained from the above ROI methods yielded good correlations. Reliable RVEFs have been obtained even in the case of an improper bolus injection. Thus, the TFA technique is a new, simple, and reliable method for calculating RVEF without needing to outline the right ventricle precisely.

Heart↗
PubMed1989

Renal functional reserve in patients with a reduced number of functioning glomeruli.

Renal functional reserve (RFR) has been reported to be either reduced or absent in patients with renal insufficiency. Our study consisted in measuring RFR by acute protein load (PL) in 3 groups of patients: the first one was composed of 20 patients (pts) with biopsy-proven glomerular disease (GN) and a varying percentage of sclerotic glomeruli (15-70%); the second one consisted of 10 patients with acquired single kidney (SK) and the third group contained 5 patients with surgical ablation of more than 50% renal tissue (LRRM). Twenty-four healthy volunteers were studied as control subjects. The GFR percentage increase (delta GFR%) after PL in CS did not differ from that of the three groups of patients, despite a significant difference in resting GFR (CS = 113 +/- 11 ml/min/1.73 m2: GN 72 +/- 28 ml/min/1.7, p less than 0.01 vs CS; SK 81 +/- 20 ml/min/1.73 m2, p less than 0.01 vs CS; LRRM 45 +/- 10 ml/min/1.7, p less than 0.01 vs CS; Moreover, an inverse correlation was not found either between GFR and the percentage of sclerotic glomeruli in GN (r = 0.01, p = NS) or between GFR and the extent of excised renal tissue in the other two groups (r = 0.38, p = NS). In conclusion, our data do not confirm that RFR is necessarily reduced or absent in patients with a reduced number of functioning glomeruli, nor do they uphold the hypothesis of constant hyperfiltration in the remaining glomeruli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Peripheral effects of prolactin in reproductive function. I. Male reproductive function].

Prolactin plays a peripheral role in male reproductive function just as it does in female function. Prolactin, through the medium of immunocytochemistry acts on testicular steroidogenesis through prolactin receptors which are sited on the Leydig cells. It alters the number of LH receptors and therefore the sensitivity of the testis to central stimulation and equally interferes with androgen synthesis. In the areas of physiological concentration the principal effect seems to be to stimulate secretion of testosterone by keeping up the number of LH receptors; but when there is acute hyperprolactinaemia, testosterone secretion is lowered or perhaps not changed at all because of a "post-receptor effect", in spite of there being larger numbers of LH receptors. The direct effect of prolactin on spermatogenesis has not yet been worked out and the results that have been obtained are controversial. Prolactin exerts a direct stimulating effect on the growth of prostatic cells working synergistically with testosterone through specific prolactin receptors. It could play a role in certain cancers of the prostate.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Let's study exponential function related to anesthesiology by using computer graphics--Part II: Wash-in exponential function].

The author first explained the wash-in exponential function. Then mathematically simulated changes in the concentration of inhalation anesthetic inside a breathing circle during induction of anesthesia were shown as a physical model related to anesthesiology to explain the idea of wash-in exponential function. Effect of the flow rate and concentration of anesthetic delivered to a breathing circle on the changes in the anesthetic concentration inhaled by patients was calculated and graphed by using a computer program developed for science education. The author also stressed the importance of graphic expression in understanding various physical or biophysical phenomena related to anesthesiology.

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of lumbar function. Part 6: The use of psychological measures in guiding physical functional restoration.

The present article reviews the use of psychologic measures in guiding a functional restoration treatment program with chronic low-back pain patients. The results of the first 134 consecutive patients completing this program are reviewed. These results demonstrate that various psychologic measures paralleled improvement in physical function. Of particular interest is the finding that various Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales that were initially clinically elevated showed a significant decrease to nonelevated levels after treatment. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed, along with the important observation that one should avoid assuming that a single psychologic test can reliably be used as the sole predictor variable in clinical cases.

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

Altered metabolic function of the pulmonary microcirculation. Early detection of lung injury and possible functional significance.

The normal lung is the site of intense metabolic activity, largely associated with the endothelial cell. Depressed pulmonary metabolic function is seen in a wide variety of experimental animal models of acute lung injury, and is also demonstrated in ARDS patients. The evaluation of lung metabolic activity may prove to be a sensitive probe for the detection of the earliest phases of acute lung injury, as well as a guide to the severity of injury or response to therapy. Depressed lung metabolic function may play a role in the intrapulmonary and/or systemic pathophysiology of ARDS.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1987

Nondominant arm restraint and dominant arm function in a child with athetoid cerebral palsy: electromyographic and functional evaluation.

This single case study was designed to determine the effect of restraining the nondominant arm on the function of the dominant arm of a child with athetoid cerebral palsy. Performance time of shoulder horizontal adduction was computed with and without the restraint. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of selected muscles was simultaneously monitored by surface electrodes. Performance time was less when the arm restraint was applied. Generally, tonic and phasic EMG activity decreased in all muscles monitored. The results show that upper extremity motor function improved in the dominant arm when the nondominant arm was restrained and that myoelectric activity was not adversely affected when the restraint was applied.

Arm↗
PubMed1987

[Bipolarity, monopolarity and "dichotomous functional decay" as principles of differential diagnosis and "functional pathology" of endogenous psychoses].

On the basis of Leonhard's Classification of the endogenous psychoses an attempt is made to trace the phenomenology of the monopolar and bipolar affective psychoses as well as Leonhard's "unsystematic schizophrenias" to three different functional anomalies. The differential diagnosis between the "cycloid psychoses" and the "unsystematic schizophrenias" as well as the problem of the so-called schizoaffective psychoses connected with them, is of particular interest. The arrangement to "functional areas" seems to be suitable.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1987

[Hormonal function of the thymus gland in melanoma of the skin: relation to functional disorders of other endocrine glands].

The analysis of correlations between levels of epiphyseal, hypophyseal, adrenocortical and gonadal hormones suggested functional disorders developing in these glands to be interdependent and account for dysfunction of the thymus and immune system in patients suffering malignant melanoma. The degree of relationship between pituitary-adrenal system and thymus function disorders increased with tumor size; it was more pronounced in males. The rationale for application of pineal gland preparations in melanoma patients aimed at combatting neuroendocrine disorders is discussed.

Endocrine Glands↗