PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Compulsive Personality Disorder”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Compulsive procrastination: some self-reported characteristics.

In Sample 1, 46 procrastinators compared with 52 nonprocrastinators claimed lower self-esteem, greater public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and a stronger tendency toward self-handicapping. In Sample 2, 48 procrastinators compared with 54 nonprocrastinators reported a weaker tendency toward seeking self-identity information but a stronger tendency toward a diffuse-identity style, yet there were no significant differences in verbal and abstract thinking abilities. Further research must provide evidence for persistent procrastination as a personality disorder that includes anxiety, avoidance, and a fear of evaluation of ability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dissociative experiences in obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania: clinical and genetic findings.

A link between dissociation proneness in adulthood and self-reports of childhood traumatic events (including familial loss in childhood, sexual/physical abuse and neglect) has been documented. Several studies have also provided evidence for an association between dissociative experiences and trauma in patients with various psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality, dissociative identity and eating disorders. Based on the relative paucity of data on dissociation and trauma in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and trichotillomania (TTM), the primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between trauma and dissociative experiences (DE) in these two diagnostic groups. Furthermore, the availability of clinical and genetic data on this sample allowed us to explore clinical and genetic factors relevant to this association. A total of 110 OCD and 32 TTM patients were compared with respect to the degree of dissociation (using the Dissociative Experiences Scale [DES]) and childhood trauma (using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ]). Patients were classified on the DES as either "high" (mean DES score >/= 30) or "low" (mean DES score < 30) dissociators. Additional clinical and genetic factors were also explored with chi-square and t tests as appropriate. A total of 15.8% of OCD patients and 18.8% of TTM patients were high dissociators. OCD and TTM groups were comparable on DES and CTQ total scores, and in both OCD and TTM groups, significant positive correlations were found between mean DES scores and mean CTQ subscores of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect. In the OCD group, high dissociators were significantly younger than low dissociators, and significantly more high dissociators than low dissociators reported a lifetime (current and past) history of tics (P <.001), Tourette's syndrome (P =.019), bulimia nervosa (P =.003), and borderline personality disorder (P =.027). In the TTM group, significantly more high dissociators than low dissociators reported (lifetime) kleptomania (P =.005) and depersonalisation disorder (P =.005). In the Caucasian OCD patients (n = 114), investigation of genetic polymorphisms involved in monoamine function revealed no significant differences between high and low dissociator groups. This study demonstrates a link between childhood trauma and DE in patients with OCD and TTM. High dissociative symptomatology may be present in a substantial proportion of patients diagnosed with these disorders. High dissociators may also be differentiated from low dissociators on some demographic features (e.g., lower age) and comorbidity profile (e.g., increased incidence of impulse dyscontrol disorders). Additional work is necessary before conclusions about the role of monoaminergic systems in mediating such dissociation can be drawn.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder treated in adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder treated in adolescence. METHOD: Fifteen young adults treated for the disorder in adolescence, mainly through not only by behavior therapy and family therapy, were followed up between 9 and 14 years later. RESULTS: Data were collected on 14 of the cases (93%, N = 15) from various sources including interview in person in 6 cases. Of the 14 cases, 6 were found to satisfy DSM-III-R criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder at long-term follow-up, while 8 were not. These recovered participants were not currently taking medication, and long-lasting recovery was associated with good social adjustment. Chronic course was not attributable to lack of subsequent treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The recovery rate of 57% (N = 14) is similar to those found in other recent studies of outcome following vigorous treatment in adolescence. The findings are over the longest follow-up period so far reported for obsessive-compulsive disorder treated in adolescence. Positive response to treatment in adolescence can be followed by relapse after longer periods than have usually been studied.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of long-term observation (3-11 years) of patients with dual diagnosis: body dysmorphic disorder and delusional disorder, somatic type].

This work presents results of a retrospective and prospective research of 15 persons with a double diagnosis: body dysmorphic disorder, and delusional disorder, somatic type. It was established that these disorders starting in adolescence, occurred in persons who earlier had traits of avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality or social phobia. In most subjects with dysmorphophobia there was comorbidity of dysthymia or major depression. An improvement in the state of these patients, most often after implementation of complex therapeutic measures: psychotherapy as well as pharmacotherapy with neuroleptic and SSRI's or clomipramine has to do with withdrawal of delusions, whereas the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder usually last for years. In some patients delusional disorders had a tendency to reoccur or to be chronic, and lead to a considerable impairment of social functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Axis I and personality comorbidity in adolescents with conduct disorder.

This study was undertaken to investigate psychiatric comorbidity in male and female adolescents with conduct disorder diagnoses. Twenty-five hospitalized adolescents (11 females, 14 males) with conduct disorder were evaluated using structured diagnostic interviews for Axis I and personality disorders. The most common Axis I comorbid diagnoses were: depressive disorders (major depression and/or dysthymia), 64 percent; anxiety disorders (separation anxiety disorder, overanxious disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and/or posttraumatic stress disorder), 52 percent; substance abuse, 48 percent; and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 28 percent. Common Axis II disorders included passive-aggressive personality disorder, 56 percent, and borderline personality disorder, 32 percent. When compared with the male subjects, the females had significantly more total Axis I disorders and a trend toward more total personality disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and borderline personality disorders. These findings support conduct disorder as a complex illness with extensive Axis I and II involvement as well as some gender differences in presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Association of cortical disinhibition with tic, ADHD, and OCD severity in Tourette syndrome.

Hyperkinetic disorders may involve excess excitatory output from thalamus to cerebral cortex. Case-control, neurophysiological studies in persons with Tourette Syndrome (TS), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) support this model. To compare the strength of association between motor cortex inhibition and tic, ADHD, and OCD severity in TS, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure motor cortex inhibition in 36 children and adults with TS. Current symptom severity was assessed with standard clinical rating scales and compared with neurophysiological measures using correlational and multivariate regression analyses. Severity of ADHD symptoms and motor tics were associated significantly and independently with short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) (r(2) = 0.50; F[2,27] = 13.7; P < 0.001), particularly in subjects not taking neuroleptics (r(2) = 0.68; F[2,17] = 17.8; P < 0.0001). The correlation of cortical disinhibition was greater with ADHD symptoms severity (r = 0.53; P = 0.003) than with tic severity (r = 0.42; P = 0.02), suggesting that in TS, the association between SICI and ADHD symptoms may be more consistent or direct than the association between SICI and tics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Dynamic bladder neck stenosis as a cause of psychogenic mictrition discomforts and mictrition disorders].

Symptoms of an "overactive bladder" can be psychological and in many cases are considered to be the result of psychogenic muscular tension of the pelvic floor causing a "dynamic stenosis" of the bladder neck. Psychogenic muscular tension can have its origin in psychic trauma during bladder training at the age of 1-3 years, leading to an obsessive-compulsive personality structure. A tendency to muscular tension, especially in the pelvic region, as well as to disorders of the lower bowl can be found in afflicted persons. Psychological defence and avoidance reactions, problems with contact and security, sexual abuse in childhood, as well as stress, anxiety, disappointment and anger can be the result of psychic trauma. Typical triggers involve psychological actualisation or compression. Because of the tendency to muscular tension with many psychogenic symptoms of voiding dysfunction, dispensing of medication, physical muscle relaxant measures show good therapeutic results.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Other child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: medication aspects.

Childhood/adolescent onset not covered elsewhere, in supplement 9:I of the European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, where there is some indication that pharmacotherapy might have a role, are reviewed. These include conduct, oppositional, mood, schizophrenia spectrum and anxiety disorders other than obsessive compulsive disorders. Generally speaking, there is a paucity of good studies in young persons. Most of these disorders or their equivalents have some pharmacotherapeutic indications in adults. This supplements the scant data in young persons and supports the cautious use of medication in some of these disorders, especially where the disorder is severe and disabling (such as schizophrenia or bipolar mood disorder). Much more study of pharmacotherapy of these disorders is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Impulsiveness and lack of inhibitory control in eating disorders.

UNLABELLED: Eating disorders are considered to lie on a spectrum of disorders with varying degrees of obsessive-compulsive and impulsive traits. Restrictive anorexia nervosa patients (AN-R) are thought to belong to the obsessive pole of the spectrum, and purging-anorexia (AN-P) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients to the impulsive pole. In this study we have compared impulsive traits in three groups of eating disordered patients (total N=56) and a control group of 83 female students. Information about impulsive traits and lack of inhibitory control was gathered by means of standardized rating scales (Eysenck's Impulsiveness Scale, Barrett's Impulsiveness Scale, and Carver and White's BIS/BAS scale) and a behavioral measure of impulsiveness (stop-go task). On the questionnaires AN-R patients reported to be less impulsive than controls, AN-P and BN patients. In the stop-go task, we did not find significant differences between the different groups. Correlations between self-reported measures of impulsiveness and behavioral measures were not significant. IN CONCLUSION: Our results from the self-report measures are at odds with the behavioral measures certainly in the AN-R group. Perhaps the latter patients' distorted self-perception and/or self-description may explain this discrepancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Do parent and child behaviours differentiate families whose children have obsessive-compulsive disorder from other clinic and non-clinic families?

BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted investigating parent and child behaviour during family interactions in families who have a child with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While a number of authors in the field of childhood OCD have suggested possible parent and child behaviours that are characteristic of these families, few studies have attempted to explore these in a methodologically sound approach. METHOD: This study compared the observed behaviours of parents and children in families whose children were diagnosed with OCD, to families whose children were diagnosed with other anxiety disorders, externalising disorders and no clinical problems. During family discussions, parent and child behaviours and affect were coded using a Likert-scale system. Family members were rated on behavioural dimensions of control, warmth, doubt, avoidance, confidence, positive problem solving, and rewarding independence. RESULTS: Results indicated that parents and children in the OCD group could be clearly differentiated from families in the other groups based on parent and child behaviour. Mothers and fathers of OCD children were less confident in their child's ability, less rewarding of independence, and less likely to use positive problem solving. Children in the OCD group showed less positive problem solving, less confidence in their ability to solve the problem, and they displayed less warmth during their interactions with their parents. CONCLUSIONS: Parents and children in families where there is a child with OCD behave in a different manner during family interactions to other families. These findings offer interesting and important exploratory information relating to observed parent and child behaviour across different clinical and non-clinical groups. Limitations of this study are addressed and directions for further research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A survey of practice at a regional forensic service: what do forensic psychiatrists do? Part II: Treatment, court reports and outcome.

Nearly half of those seen in a forensic service were offered some form of help, but it did not reliably match that requested. In 63% of court reports there was no specific treatment recommendation, but where there was, it was likely to be accepted. Only one-third of all out-patients completed the treatment offered -40% of the lapses were due to imprisonment. One-third of out-patient treatments were conducted under conditions of probation orders, and this form of compulsion was associated with a significantly higher number of completed treatment plans. Personality disorder was also associated with more treatment completions. These and other findings are discussed to assist in an understanding of the service.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Profile of female firesetters. Implications for treatment.

We studied 28 female arsonists and 28 female controls admitted to Holloway Prison over four months to examine the psychological and situational antecedents to firesetting so that the behaviour could be targeted for treatment. Over 92% of the arson group had received a psychiatric diagnosis. Both groups had similarly high rates of early deprivation and abuse. None of the female arsonists had set a fire for financial gain. There was no evidence of sexual arousal being associated with firesetting; only two women described their firesetting in terms that suggest a level of compulsion--one of these was alcoholic, the other was diagnosed as severely personality disordered. Several behavioural and psychological antecedents to offending were identified which could be targeted for treatment: low self-esteem, depression, limited communication skills, and deficits in anger management. The relapse prevention model is suggested as a possible intervention for recidivistic arsonists.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A brief mental health outcome scale-reliability and validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).

BACKGROUND: The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) is a quick and simple measure of overall psychological disturbance. However, there is little research on the reliability and validity of this measure in severely mentally ill populations. METHOD: Multidisciplinary keyworkers assessed 103 patients at monthly intervals over a 6-month period. Overall GAF scores were obtained, with additional separate ratings for symptoms and disability. These were compared with changes in antipsychotic medication and support needs over the same period. RESULTS: Satisfactory reliability was obtained for total GAF score and for symptom and disability measures, in spite of raters having only one brief training session. All GAF scores were associated with current support needs of patients. Symptom and disability scores were associated with changes in antipsychotic medication in the previous month. Only symptom score was associated with increases in antipsychotic medication at time of rating. CONCLUSION: GAF proved to be a reliable and, within the limits of the indicators used, a valid measure of psychiatric disturbance in our sample of the severely mentally ill. Differences in relationships between the three GAF scores and medication/support needs indicate the usefulness of obtaining all three scores for monitoring levels and type of psychiatric disturbance in this population.

Activities of Daily Living↗