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PubMedDate not supplied

Homologous cell-derived oncogenes in avian carcinoma virus MH2 and murine sarcoma virus 3611.

Retroviral oncogenes (v-onc) are derived from cellular genes (c-onc) which are highly conserved among different species. Retrovirus-transduced oncogenes are most commonly associated with the induction of haematopoietic tumours and sarcomas. The avian retrovirus Mill Hill no. 2 (MH2) was isolated from a spontaneous ovarian tumour of a chicken and is distinguished by the predominant induction of liver and kidney carcinomas in fowl. MH2 also induces transformation of fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells in culture. The genome of MH2 contains two unrelated and independently expressed cell-derived oncogenes, v-mil and v-myc. Three other viral isolates among avian acute transforming retroviruses contain the v-myc oncogene, but only MH2 contains both v-myc and v-mil. Hence, some of the pathogenic specificities of MH2 may be due to the simultaneous expression of two oncogenes. The murine sarcoma virus 3611 (3611-MSV) isolated from a mouse carrying lung carcinoma and peritoneal tumours, induces fibrosarcomas in newborn mice and the transformation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells in culture. The oncogenic properties of 3611-MSV are due to the presence in its genome of a cell-derived oncogene termed v-raf. We report here that the two independently transduced oncogenes v-mil and v-raf are closely related and that they were apparently derived from homologous cellular genes of avian and mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of a new feline sarcoma virus (HZ1-FeSV): biochemical and immunological characterization of its translation product.

A new strain of feline sarcoma virus, designated HZ1-FeSV, was isolated from a 4-year-old domestic cat with multicentric fibrosarcoma. A primary tumor cell line was established and virus produced from that line was found to induce foci in feline embryonic lung fibroblasts (FLF3) and mink lung fibroblasts (CCL64) in tissue culture and fibrosarcomas in inoculated 10-week-old kittens. The derivation of transformed nonproducer clones of FLF3 and CCL64 cells containing helper virus-rescuable, focus-forming activity indicated that HZ1-FeSV was defective for replication. The only discernible translation product of the HZ1-FeSV genome in cultured cells was a 100,000-Da polyprotein (P100) which contained amino-terminal sequences of the FeLV gag gene precursor protein covalently linked to a sarcoma virus-specific domain. Immunoprecipitates containing P100 exhibited a protein kinase activity capable of phosphorylating tyrosine residues of P100. Immunologically, P100 was highly cross-reactive with gag-fes polyproteins encoded by two previously characterized strains of FeSV, the GA- and the ST-FeSV. By comparison of methionine-containing tryptic peptides, the HZ1-FeSV protein was shown to be more closely related to the GA-FeSV protein than to the ST-FeSV protein, but to be distinguishable from both other proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sarcoma metastatic to the central nervous system parenchyma: a review of the literature.

Sarcoma metastatic to cerebral parenchyma, although rare, occurs more frequently than generally recognized. With increased duration of survival due to multi-modal therapy, more CNS metastases are being found. A literature search occasioned by a patient with metastatic sarcoma has produced some interesting results.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Fibrosarcoma of the thyroid in a man exposed to fallout from the Chernobyl accident.

Since the Chernobyl accident in April 1986, a dramatic increase in the incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been described, especially in children. A case of sarcoma of the thyroid in a man exposed to the Chernobyl fallout is presented. Sarcoma of the thyroid is a rare finding. The present patient lived in a region that is known to be one of the most exposed to Chernobyl fallout. The case suggests a high probability of a relationship between the sarcoma of the thyroid and the exposure to radiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Malignant bone tumors associated with neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease), a phakomatosis inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait, predisposes to multiorgan neoplasia as well as to skeletal abnormalities. In an attempt to define more clearly the nature of osseous malignant lesions associated with von Recklinghausen's disease, we reviewed three cases of coexistent neurofibromatosis and malignant tumors of bone. None of the tumors was considered neurogenic. One patient had a fibrosarcoma, and two patients had malignant fibrous histiocytomas. No gross relationship to nerves was demonstrated, and special studies for axons were negative. Primary neurogenic sarcomas of bone are extremely rare; the diagnosis should be considered only when the tumor originates from an intraosseous nerve or contiguous neurofibroma. The occurrence of primary bone sarcomas in patients with neurofibromatosis seems to be a sporadic event.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Primary pulmonary sarcomas and carcinosarcomas--postoperative results and comparative survival analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early and long-term results after surgery for primary pulmonary sarcomas (PPS) and to compare them with those of patients with pulmonary carcinosarcomas (PCaSa). METHODS: During a 20-year period, 48 patients with PPS and 15 patients with PCaSa underwent surgery. There were 40 males and 23 females with a mean age of 52.1 years (range 13-78). The histologic diagnoses in PPS group were fibrosarcoma (15), fibroleiomyosarcoma (10), leiomyosarcoma (6), rhabdomyosarcoma (6), hemangiopericytoma (3), epitheloid hemangioendothelioma (3), malignant schwannoma (1), liposarcoma (1) and undifferentiated sarcoma (3). The following curative resections were carried out: lobectomy (36), including two sleeve lobectomies (in PPS group), pneumonectomy (15) and polysegmental resections (4). In four PPS cases, these procedures were extended to the thoracic wall, diaphragm or pericardium. An atypical resection was applied in one PPS patient (the tumor was falsely classified as benign on frozen section examination). Exploratory thoracotomy was performed in five of PPS patients (11%) and in two of those with PCaSa (13%). The majority of PPS patients were with low stages I and II (76%). The PCaSa patients were predominantly with stage IIIA (39%). RESULTS: No postoperative death was registered. Major complications included two localized empyemas (4.2%) in PPS and one reoperation for bronchial stump fistula (6.7%) in PCaSa groups. Local recurrences were operated on in one patient per group (2.1 and 6.7%, respectively). Follow-up was available on 57 patients and ranged from 4 to 148 months. The overall cumulative 5-year survival was 48.81% for PPS and 49.38% for PCaSa patients (P=0.9035). It was better in low vs. higher stage cases, statistically significant in PPS group (P=0.0005) and without significant difference in PCaSa cohort (P=0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection of PPS and PCaSa favors an acceptable survival, especially in low stages. There is no significant difference in the survival rates between PPS and PCaSa patients, despite the greater number of cases with higher stages in PCaSa group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Retinoic acid inhibition of serum-induced c-fos transcription in a fibrosarcoma cell line.

We investigated the mechanism by which retinoic acid causes growth arrest and flat reversion of SSV-NRK, simian sarcoma virus-transformed normal rat kidney cells. Northern analysis revealed that both chronic (7 days) and acute (6 h) retinoic acid treatment of serum-stimulated SSV-NRK cells caused a 6-fold decrease in c-fos mRNA levels. In addition, nuclear run-on experiments showed that retinoic acid regulated c-fos expression in SSV-NRK cells at the transcriptional initiation level. Attenuation of c-fos transcription was equal in both retinoic acid-treated and control cells, and no increased c-fos mRNA turnover was detected in retinoic acid-treated cells. Furthermore, there was no observed change in the c-fos mRNA levels after only 30 min of retinoic acid treatment, suggesting that a mechanism involving the interruption of the signal transduction mechanism at the membrane level is unlikely. Because it has been shown that c-fos expression plays a pivotal role in mitogenesis of quiescent fibroblasts, we conclude that the retinoic acid-mediated down-regulation of c-fos expression is a mechanism for growth inhibition in SSV-NRK cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antitumor activity of a polysaccharide fraction extracted from cultured fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa.

Antitumor activity of a polysaccharide fraction (GF-1) extracted from cultured fruiting bodies of a fungus, Grifola frondosa, was examined on allogeneic and syngeneic tumors in mice. GF-1 had a marked inhibitory activity against the growth of subcutaneously (s.c.) inoculated Sarcoma 180 by the intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection at 0.5-5.0 mg/mouse for 10 successive days. A significant antitumor activity was also observed when GF-1 at 4.0 mg/mouse was i.p. injected successively on days +1-+5, +7-+11, +14-+18 or +21-+25 if the tumor cells were inoculated s.c. on day 0. Similar results were obtained by a single i.p. injection of GF-1 at 2.0 mg/mouse on day +1, +7, +14 or +21. When GF-1 was injected i.p., intravenously (i.v.) or intratumorally (i.t.), all of them showed an equivalent level of higher inhibitory activity (inhibition ratio; over 90%). However, the oral (p.o.) administration was not effective. The pretreatment of mice with GF-1 at 2.0 or 4.0 mg/mouse for 5 times before tumor inoculation did not show a significant antitumor activity. In addition, GF-1 administered i.p. at varying times before and/or after the tumor inoculation showed no antitumor activity against ascites form of Sarcoma 180. In the syngeneic systems, GF-1 exhibited an antitumor activity against solid form of Meth A fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice and MM46 carcinoma in C3H/He mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Soft-tissue sarcomas of the head and neck: a retrospective analysis of the Alberta experience 1974 to 1999.

BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) of the head and neck constitute a heterogeneous group of rare malignant tumors occurring in an uncommon site. The most common subtypes of STS in the head and neck are malignant fibrous histiocytoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and fibrosarcoma. Evidence based subtype-specific treatment decisions are often not possible. METHODS: The medical records of 110 patients diagnosed with head and neck sarcomas were reviewed. All were treated at one of the two major Cancer Centers in Alberta, Canada, between 1974 and 1999. Potential prognostic factors including age, sex, tumor size, histology, grade, tumor location (superficial or deep), and use of adjuvant treatment were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards models were developed to study the impact of these covariates on survival. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 61.5 months. Five year overall, disease specific, and relapse free survival were 65.8%, 83.4%, and 74.2%, respectively. With use of a Cox proportional-hazards model, tumor stage and grade were important prognostic factors affecting survival. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size and grade were important prognostic factors affecting survival. Tumor location in relation to the superficial fascia (depth) was the best predictor of outcome. The overall and disease-free survival in this patient group was excellent. However, this likely caused by the high proportion of patients with low-grade tumors in our study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma following treatment for breast cancer.

A patient with radiation-induced fibrosarcoma following mastectomy and postoperative radiation for bilateral breast carcinoma is described. Only six such cases have been reported in the literature. In this patient erosion of the axillary artery produced massive hemorrhage, and emergency transthoracic ligation of the subclavian artery caused gangrene of the extremity and empyema and sepsis. Interscapulothoracic amputation not only was life-saving but offered the patient a reasonable chance for long-term survival. Only aggressive surgical management can salvage a patient with radiation-induced sarcoma.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, and treatment of fibrosarcoma of bone.

Fibrosarcoma of bone is a relatively rare tumor; it accounts for less than 5% of bone sarcomas. The anatomical sites most commonly involved are the metaphyses of long tubular bones. Local pain, swelling, limitation of motion, and pathologic fracture are the common clinical signs and symptoms. Typical imaging findings include eccentrically located lytic lesions, with a geographic, moth-eaten, or permeative pattern of bone destruction, and extension into adjacent soft tissues. Surgery is the treatment of choice. The type of surgical procedure depends mainly on histologic grade, local conditions, and tumor location. With a high probability of metastases (>70%) after surgical treatment, perioperative adjuvant treatment modalities should be considered for high-grade tumors. The most important prognostic factors affecting survival include tumor grade, patient's age, and tumor location.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Morphological and biological characterization of two mesenchymal murine tumors and the modulation of their growth parameters by n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Certain tumor growth parameters (GP) of two mesenchymal transplantable tumors maintained on C57BL/6J mice were characterized. Considering that many experimental, clinical and epidemiologic data have indicated that n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids are nutrients which may delay the development as well as improve the course of cancer, GPs were evaluated on hosts fed on a semisynthetic formula containing 5% of corn oil (CO) or cod liver oil (CLO) and stock diet (C group). Although survival and latency time of tumor-bearing mice were shortened, other GP as percentage of successful implants were improved by both oils in sarcoma-bearing hosts, suggesting that n-3 and n-6 fatty acids might play a modulating role for the development of these tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Descriptive epidemiology of soft tissue sarcomas in Vaud, Switzerland.

Trends in incidence and survival from soft tissue sarcomas (STS) were analysed for the period 1974-1994 using data from the Cancer Registry of the Swiss canton of Vaud. A total of 645 cases were registered. The most common histotypes were fibrosarcoma (0.82/100,000 males, 0.86/100,000 females, world standard, 1990-1994), leiomyosarcoma (0.90/100,000 males, 1.28/100,000 females, 1990-1994), and Kaposi's sarcoma (3.10/100,000 males in 1990-1994). Overall incidence rates for STS increased from 2.68/100,000 males in 1974-1979 to 6.86 in 1990-1994, and from 3.61 to 4.27 in females. However, after excluding Kaposi's sarcoma, no consistent trend over time was observed, peak rates (approximately 4.40/100,000) being registered in the late 1980s for both sexes, with some levelling off thereafter. Five-year relative survival was 17% for Kaposi's sarcomas, and 51% for other STS (all STSs, 45%). These data indicate that there has been no major new risk factor for STS of such a relevance to modify appreciably the overall rates on a population level, except from the impact of the AIDS epidemic for Kaposi's sarcoma.

Adult↗