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PubMed2006

Development, application and validation of a Taqman real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a disease of cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which was successfully eradicated from Scotland following its emergence in 1998. The rapid deployment of sensitive diagnostic methods for the detection of ISA virus (ISAV) was fundamental to the swift eradication of ISA disease in Scotland and continues to be of crucial importance to surveillance of the aquaculture industry. This study reports the development, validation, application and interpretation of two independent, highly sensitive and specific semi-quantitative Taqman real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) methods for the detection of ISAV. Such technology offers considerable advantages over conventional RT-PCR methods in current routine use for ISAV surveillance. These include an increased sensitivity, enhanced specificity, semi-quantification using endogenous controls, a lack of subjectivity in results interpretation, speed of processing and improved contamination control.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A note to physicians. AIDS in Arkansas.

As a more complete safety profile of ddI begins to merge, it is clear that this agent continues to hold promise as an option for the treatment of primary HIV disease in certain patients. The long-term efficacy and safety of the drug can be fully understood only from the results of controlled clinical trials. To speed this process, the assistance and cooperation of all physicians in identifying and referring patients to the controlled trials is requested. Completion of these studies is essential and critical to a full understanding of the use of this drug in the treatment of patients with HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Neuropsychiatric aspects of AIDS dementia complex: a report on a clinical series.

The AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) frequently occurs in individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). We report on a clinical series of 33 patients with either AIDS or AIDS-Related Complex (ARC), who were referred for neuropsychological evaluation. This clinical series supports the developing understanding that AIDS spectrum patients often demonstrate impairment on tasks involving abstract reasoning, memory, speeded mental processing and motoric slowing. This series helps to draw attention to a small subgroup of patients, with no previous psychiatric history, who after infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), present with hyperactivity, euphoria and grandiose delusions. ADC would appear to bear with it the increased possibility of the development of secondary mania.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of a stable analog of leu-enkephalin, dalargin, on the cell division of the corneal epithelium in white rats].

The effect of Leu-enkephalin analog--dalargin--on the corneal epithelium proliferation has been studied in white rats. 10 microliter dalargin per 1 kg body weight were administered intraperitoneally at 8 a.m. The mitotic index (MI), DNA synthesis cell index and label intensity (LI) were determined every 4 hours over a 24-hour period. The results obtained demonstrate that dalargin stimulates DNA synthesis in cells throughout the entire period of action. MI increased only 4, 8, 12 hours after dalargin administration. Mean daily DNA synthesis cell index and MI increased 2.1-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively after dalargin administration. It is suggested that dalargin activates the cell division processes by speeding up mitosis, shortening the premitotic period, accelerating the speed of the DNA synthesis and increasing cell proliferation pool.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Amyloidosis complicating the rehabilitation of a patient with a right cerebrovascular accident.

Physiatrists are rarely presented with a case of amyloidosis. Its unrelenting course must be appreciated in order to speed the process of rehabilitation and help in setting appropriate and rapidly achievable goals. These rehabilitation challenges are discussed with respect to a patient with amyloidosis and a right cerebrovascular accident. The need for medical management of the systemic symptoms of amyloidosis is also addressed. It is felt that the addition of such a progressive terminal disease to the diagnosis of stroke leads to unique interactions among the rehabilitation staff, the patient, and the patient's family, and the need for an aggressive approach to goal-setting and discharge planning.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1979

Processing and use of crop residues including alfalfa press cake.

Better utilization of roughage can improve the production of red meat and dairy products. Feed value of low grade roughages can be greatly increased by chemical and/or physical treatments. Both alkali and ammonia treatments are already being used commercially in Europe, although there is still opportunity for process improvement. In the United States, the low cost of grain and oilseeds makes the economics of processing cellulosic byproducts less desirable, but their eventual use seems inevitable. New processes for forage fractionation are yielding surprising increases in the fiber digestibility of high grade roughages, resulting in substantial increases in the overall feed value obtainable per ton of raw material. The improved economic returns achieved by the new processes will speed adoption of the new technology.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1983

The effect of motivation and word characteristics on recognition.

Two tachistoscopic studies assessed the effects of motivation on high-speed word processing. Study 1 assessed the effect of anxiety and Study 2 the effect of hunger compared to satiation. Words differed in interletter associative frequency (generated value), Thorndike-Lorge word frequency, and categories. In both studies, all three word variables yielded significant main effects. Motivational relevance of words did not significantly alter word recognition, the food words being most readily recognized and negatively emotional words least readily recognized in both studies. Anxiety did not have a significant effect, but hunger in interaction with word characteristics was found to be facilitating. Contrary to Hullian theory regarding word dominance and drive interaction and to Broadbent's "filtering" hypothesis, hunger in comparison to satiation increasingly facilitated word recognition the more infrequent the words and the more rare were the interletter associations.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1980

Quantitative morphological analysis of red blood cells.

Recently developed methods for making quantitative measurements of red cell morphology are described. High-speed image processing is used to make six simultaneous red cell measurements relating to size, hemoglobin content, central pallor, and shape. These measurements are combined objectively to subdivide red cells into five subpopulations and to characterize each subpopulation by its principal distributional parameters. Also, an objective assessment of the blood sample is made relative to the diagnosis of anemia. Results from five typically encountered blood conditions are presented and analyzed in detail to illustrate the various distributional parameters involved and to illustrate the potential of these new measurements to extract relevant diagnostic information.

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of Salmonella from ovaries and oviducts from whole carcasses of spent hens.

Spent hens containing hard-shelled eggs were obtained to study the influence of sample collection and sample preparation methodology on the detection of Salmonella in ovaries. Four hundred eighteen birds from 19 flocks were collected, and the carcasses were opened aseptically within 8-12 hours of collection. A sample set containing hard-shelled egg, ovary, and oviduct section were collected from each carcass, and surface contaminants were removed from ovaries with polyoxyethylene ether. Three of 19 flocks (15.8%) and six of 407 ovary samples were positive for Salmonella; two oviduct samples were positive (0.5%). No eggs were Salmonella-positive. Single and multiple serotypes were detected in ovaries. Results indicated that Salmonella recovery rates can be significantly affected by speed in processing samples after collection, by cleanliness of the tissue-collection environment (laboratory vs. slaughter plant), and by removal of surface contaminants.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The usefulness of three dimensional imaging of the myocardium using three heads SPECT camera (PRISM-3000)].

The SPECT unit using a 3 heads camera (PRISM-3000) has an advantage over the conventional one head camera SPECT unit because it can complete full circle scans (360 degrees scans) within a short time, and because the non-circular orbit of the camera heads fitting the individual form of the body has improved the spatial resolution. In addition, the high speed data processing has reduced the time for scan, enabling the three dimensional imaging system clinically applicable. In the present study, this modern technique was used to examined the myocardium in patients with ischemic heart disease so as to evaluate it for usefulness and depict problem to be solved. In patients with myocardial infarction, images obtained with a PRISM-3000 machine could provide more objective information on infarcts than conventional images. In patients with angina pectoris, delayed images obtained 3 hours after exercise by the new method were superior to conventional ones in power of demonstrating redistribution. The setting of the threshold for ischemic lesions at 40-50% hampers the assessment of the severity of ischemia. A new program should be introduced to solve this problem.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Motion sickness.

Motion sickness is a common phenomenon affecting most patients at some point in life. Car sickness, airsickness, seasickness, and space sickness all involve a neural mismatch or confusion between the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems that produces the symptoms of motion sickness. Therapy is directed toward decreasing conflicting sensory input, controlling nausea, and speeding the process of adaptation.

Buspirone↗
PubMed1996

Feasibility and timing of unrelated donor identification for patients with ALL.

Patients with relapsed ALL frequently have short duration second or later remissions, leaving only a brief window of time when it is possible to perform BMT. When no sibling donor is available, identifying and unrelated donor in a timely fashion can be difficult while autologous BMT (ABMT) can be performed more quickly. We have studied the outcome of 115 consecutive referrals of patients with ALL to the University of Minnesota for BMT between September 1991 and August 1993 to determine the feasibility of URD identification and BMT in these patients. In 40 cases (35%) a related allogeneic donor was identified and 30 of these patients received BMT at Minnesota. Our policy for patients with no related donor (n = 75) was to initiate an unrelated donor (URD) search and seek insurance authorization for both URD and ABMT immediately on referral; URD BMT is offered if a donor is available within 4 months. Thereafter ABMT is offered if an URD is no yet available. Fifty-eight patients (50% of referrals) initiated an URD search. An URD was identified for 22 patients (37%) of searches) and 15 patients (13% of referred patients) received URD BMT. The median time from patient referral to donor identification was 10 weeks. Nineteen percent of referred patients died prior to transplant despite all efforts to expedite BMT. Further efforts are needed to speed the process of donor selection for patients with ALL. Clinical risk factors (eg leukocyte count, cytogenetics), patient age and donor histocompatibility need to be integrated for proper patient counseling and therapeutic choices.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1997

Comparative study of mitral annular calcification (MAC) with cardiac arrhythmias in dialysis patients.

Cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial malfunction are very frequent in uremic patients. The pathogenesis and etiology of arrhythmias are very complex and still unknown. The sedimentation of calcium salt in myocardial structures is one of the reasons for emergence of cardiac arrhythmias (AV conduction defects, ectopic arrhythmias). The appearance of mitral annular calcification (MAC), as the expression of the speed up process of atherosclerosis, was noted in younger uremic patients especially during hemodialysis. The aim of our research was to compare the incidence of MAC and cardiac arrhythmias in patients on hemodialysis. Our study included 40 patients, 24 male and 16 female, in the age between 20 and 60. Patients were mostly from Zagreb and the Counties of Zagreb (35%), Karlovac (10%), Slavonski Brod (7.5%), Varazdin (5%) and Pozega (5%). All 40 patients received 24 hours of Holter monitoring and 2-D echocardiography of M-mode. The patients were divided in two groups: I MAC+ (N = 23) and II MAC- (N = 17). Frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in group I was: atrial fibrillation N = 0; conduction defects N = 2 (1%); ventricularectopy Lown grade 3-5 N = 15 (65%); supraventricular ectopy N = 8 (34%), while the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in group II was: atrial fibrillation N = 0; conduction defects N = 0; ventricular ectopy Lown grade 3-5 N = 6 (35%), supraventricular ectopy N = 6 (35%). During statistical processing the significant connection of MAC+ and frequency of cardiac arrhythmias was noticed. For both groups we have not noticed statistical significance in cardiac arrhythmia compared to electrolytes, risk factors PTH, and age. The time of hemodialysis treatment is one of possible factors for incidence of cardiac arrhythmias influenced by MAC. We noticed statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference of rhythm disorders between group I and group II especially for the ventricular ectopic activity, the frequency of which was higher in group I than in group II. MAC has probably significant role in dialysis patients for the development of cardiac arrhythmias within the framework of series of complicated multifactorial patogenetic mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Airbag-induced eye injuries: experiments with in situ cadaver eyes.

In an attempt to investigate eye injuries from airbags, a set of experiments was performed that involved the deployment of several types of airbags onto thirteen unembalmed, previously frozen cadaver heads. The airbags differed in the material, coating, presence of a tether, and folding pattern, and were deployed via a pneumatic deployment system. The eyes were impacted in situ after being repressureized with saline injected through a 30-gauge needle. Injury determination was achieved by ophthalmic ultrasound imaging, staining with fluorescein dye, and dissection. All twenty-six eyes revealed detached retinas, as shown by the ultrasound, before impact as a result of decaying tissue and the freezing process. High speed video and film were used to capture the events. The impact velocities of the airbags were recorded from the digitized film at the first contact location with the eye and ranged from 30 m/s to 66 m/s. Eyeglasses were placed on four of the specimens, and the presence of eyeglasses seemed to provide protection to the eye because of the lack of contact between the airbag and ocular region. Minimal ocular damage was recorded for all experiments.

Air Bags↗
PubMed1981

Information processing dysfunction in paranoid schizophrenia: a two-factor deficit.

The authors investigated information processing in schizophrenia by studying 30 paranoid schizophrenic patients and 30 depressed inpatients. The basic methodology relied on tachistoscopic presentation of stimuli. First, the critical stimulus duration needed for identification of a target stimulus was determined. Second, when the target stimulus was followed by a masking stimulus, a measure of speed of information processing was obtained. The schizophrenic patients were imparied on input factors and speed of processing. The authors think it is unlikely that the results were due to medication effect or to gross psychopathology. Their discussion centers on how this two-factor deficit in information processing may result in cognitive disruption and how this study relates to other investigations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naming speed deficits in adults with reading disabilities: a test of the double-deficit hypothesis.

The present study investigated the persistent nature of naming speed deficits within the context of the double-deficit hypothesis in a university sample of adults with reading disabilities (RD). Twenty-five university students with RD were compared to 28 typically achieving readers on measures of reading skill, phonological processing, and naming speed. The results indicated that both naming speed and phonological processing deficits characterized the RD group. In a regression analysis, neither naming speed nor phonological processing were important variables in explaining comprehension when reading rate was in the model. The results of the present study are mixed at best and are consistent with earlier conclusions that support for the double-deficit hypothesis of dyslexia remains limited.

Adult↗