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At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Visually evoked slow eye movements, visual-vestibular interaction, and infratentorial lesions.

The maximum velocity gain of smooth pursuit and optokinetic, vestibular, and optovestibular slow phases was examined in 15 patients with pontine, 10 with medullary, 10 with cerebellar, and 5 with combined cerebello-brain stem disorders. Marked dissociations were observed between smooth pursuit and optokinetic slow phases, especially in medullary disease. A cerebellar deficit enhanced slow phase velocity gain during rotation in darkness, whereas the corresponding gain during rotation in light was normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of visual modulation sensitivity. V. Faster visual response for G- than for R-cone pathway?

To determine the linear, unadapted responses of the cone pathways, we have measured the critical fusion frequency (CFF) for green (555-nm) and red (642-nm) flicker as a function of retinal illuminance. Both functions obeyed the Ferry-Porter law (CFF proportional to log illuminance) to high accuracy over a > or = 5-log-unit range. In both foveola and periphery the CFF/illuminance functions were significantly steeper for green light than for red light. The peripheral 555-nm function had an average slope 1.26 times the average slope of the 642-nm function. An additive model of flicker detection could not account for the observed differences in slope. A threshold independence model, in which detection is based on the most sensitive mechanism, accurately fits the data. Whichever model is assumed, the presence of different slopes for the two wavelength flicker conditions strongly implies that the R- and G-cone pathways have different temporal properties. The occurrence of steeper CFF/illuminance slopes in response to green light implies that the linear (near-CFF) response of the G-cone pathways in inherently faster than that of the R-cone pathways at both retinal loci. These differences in R- and G-cone-mediated temporal properties complicate the fundamental concept of luminance and invalidate it for precise application over the full illuminance range.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1999

Target cuing in visual search: the effects of conformality and display location on the allocation of visual attention.

Two experiments were performed to examine how frame of reference (world-referenced vs. screen-referenced) and target expectancy can modulate the effects of target cuing in directing attention for see-through helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). In the first experiment, the degree of world referencing was varied by the spatial accuracy of the cue; in the second, the degree of world referencing was varied more radically between a world-referenced HMD and a hand-held display. Participants were asked to detect, identify, and give azimuth information for targets hidden in terrain presented in the far domain (i.e., the world) while performing a monitoring task in the near domain (i.e., the display). The results of both experiments revealed a cost-benefit trade-off for cuing such that the presence of cuing aided the target detection task for expected targets but drew attention away from the presence of unexpected targets in the environment. Analyses support the observation that this effect can be mediated by the display: The world-referenced display reduced the cost of cognitive tunneling relative to the screen-referenced display in Experiment 1; this cost was further reduced in Experiment 2 when participants were using a hand-held display. Potential applications of this research include important design guidelines and specifications for automated target recognition systems as well as any terrain-and-targeting display system in which superimposed symbology is included, specifically in assessing the costs and benefits of attentional cuing and the means by which this information is displayed.

Aerospace Medicine↗