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PubMed2005

[Theoretical and practical aspects of modern vitaminology].

General subjects and achievement of modern vitaminology are discussed. The most impressive success in fundamental vitaminology during last three-four decades was achieved in following areas: elucidation of vitamins metabolic roles and molecular mechanisms in their action; development and improvement of high sensitive modern methods for analytical vitamins determination in biological objects and food; establishment of reliable criteria and methods for human vitamin status assessment; examination of physiological human vitamin requirements and establishment of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) or Adequate Levels (AL) of their intake; elaboration of scientifical grounds for reasonable vitamins application in diseases prevention and treatment. In the area of applied vitaminology the most attention during last decades was paid to next subjects: regular broad vitamin status examination of representative groups of population; reasoning, development, realization and evaluation of broad scale measures for prevention of vitamin insufficiency and improvement of vitamin status of population; development and industrial production of vitamins, multivitamin-mineral preparations and various vitamin enriched food stuffs for the same purpose. Decrease of state financial support for fundamental studies and cessation of such a support for applied investigation make it necessary to organize nonstate commercial scientific-technologic center functioning on the requests of vitamin producers and consumers.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed2006

[Vitamin deficiencies in breastfed children due to maternal dietary deficiency].

Dietary deficiencies of vitamin B12 and vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation may result in health problems in exclusively breastfed infants. Vitamin-B12 deficiency in these infants results in irritability, anorexia and failure to thrive during the first 4-8 months of life. Severe and permanent neurodevelopmental disturbances may occur. The most at risk for vitamin-B12 deficiency are breast-fed infants ofveganist and vegetarian mothers. Mothers who cover their skin prevent exposure to the sun and may consequently be at risk for vitamin-D deficiency, as well as putting their offspring at risk. In prenatal and perinatal care, it is important to take the maternal dietary history in order to be able to prevent or treat these disorders. Guidelines for obstetrical and neonatal care should include the topic of vitamin deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Young children with serious disorders as a result of late diagnosis of cystic fibrosis].

A girl and a boy, who both presented with recurrent respiratory infections from birth, were referred to a paediatrician at the age of 2.5 years: they were diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). The girl died from respiratory insufficiency at the age of 6 years and the boy at the age of 13 years from pulmonary aspiration. A further girl and boy who presented with abnormal faeces and failure to thrive were referred to the paediatrician at the ages of 2.5 months with haematomas and 2 weeks with anaemia respectively, as a result of vitamin deficiencies due to malabsorption. They too had CF. The girl had a brain haemorrhage in the meantime that left her with serious impairments. The boy recovered. A delay in diagnosing CF is not uncommon, as the symptoms of CF are hard to differentiate from those of common childhood diseases. However, this diagnostic delay can result in serious organ damage. Current treatment of CF has a predominantly prophylactic character and aims at maintaining normal growth and nutritional status as well as at preventing or postponing chronic bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract. This treatment is most effective when it is started before any organ damage has occurred: a state that can only be achieved when patients with CF are identified shortly after birth. Therefore, it is important to add CF-screening to the neonatal screening program.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using organic acids to diagnose and manage recalcitrant patients.

"Organic acids" refers to a broad class of compounds used in fundamental metabolic processes of the body. They provide valuable clues about functional nutrient deficiencies, mitochondrial energy production, intestinal dysbiosis, free radical overload, and more, including where to start when diagnosing a patient with complicated symptoms. Organic acids present a whole new exciting world of therapeutic options. They are one of the tools that enable us to identify and correct the underlying causes of disease, and not merely temporarily suppress symptoms with pharmaceuticals. The sicker the patient, the more they need this intervention: half the patients in intensive care units were found to be nutrient-deficient in studies that look at only 1 or a few of the many nutrients. Studies show that a patient's outcome is more dismal and his chances of dying are greater as undiagnosed nutrient deficiencies mount. Furthermore, studies confirm that giving pennies' worth of antioxidants to patients in intensive care can cut the death rate in half. What drug can accomplish this, much less for pennies a day? Doesn't it make more sense to individually determine the patients' deficiencies and correct them? Combined with companion tests of intracellular minerals, toxic elements (heavy metals), fatty acids, vitamins, and amino acids, organic acids testing can clearly indicate health challenges the patient will face in the future. In many cases, they are correctable and curable. This article explored only 5 categories of organic acids out of more than 9 and 29 organic acids out of more than 47. For physicians who want more information, there are several resources available. This knowledge, along with biochemical knowledge and patient experience, can further empower physicians to help truly heal their patients.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed1990

[Dietary intervention and follow-up study in 1-to-2-year-old children on macrobiotic diets].

As a follow-up of a population-based descriptive study on the nutritional status and growth of infants on macrobiotic diets (n = 53), an intervention study was carried out in 27 selected infants with clear nutritional deficiencies. This intervention program consisted of information on the nutrient content of macrobiotic foods, a regular newsletter, personal advice if needed, and reference to teachers in macrobiotics for further advice. Adaptation of the diet within the scope of current macrobiotic guidelines did not lead to an improvement in nutritional intake, growth and blood values. As a consequence of these findings, the macrobiotic community in the Netherlands and abroad has become more aware of the need for adaptation of the macrobiotic diet. It is recommended to include a source of dietary fat (minimum 20-25 g/day), fatty fish (minimum 100-150 g/wk) and dairy products (minimum 150-250 g/day).

Avitaminosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Micronutrients in women's reproductive health: I. Vitamins.

Proper nutritional status of women before, during, and after pregnancy is an important element of reproductive health. It maintains maternal health and reduces the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, birth defects and chronic disease in children later in postnatal life. Pregnancy creates a special metabolic demand for high-quality nutrients. With careful food selection, it is possible to obtain most of the recommended levels of nutrients. Apart from the dietary intake, nutrition is highly dependant on economic status, social and cultural environment, and personal habits of the mother. Nutritional imbalance could cause detrimental effects to the pregnant woman, influence pregnancy outcome, and impair breast milk composition. Despite the extensive research, we still do not have a complete understanding how nutritional status of the mother influences her health as well as fetal growth and development. It is well known that fetal growth and development is strongly linked with maternal supply of essential nutrients, e.g. vitamins. The exact role of the variety of micronutrients in fetal growth and development has yet to be explored in detail. It is estimated that up to 30% of pregnant women suffer from a vitamin deficiency. Without supplementation, about 75% would show a deficit of at least one vitamin. Moreover, multivitamin deficit combinations often co-exist, and subclinical depletations are probably common; consequences could be severe. Studies carried on in developing countries have shown that improving micronutrient intake in deficient women can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Also, proper maternal intake of important micronutrients directly enhances the quality of breast milk. To meet the increasing demands during pregnancy and the breastfeeding period women should not be dependent only upon the dietary intake: adequate reserve is essential for the successful pregnancy outcome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microecological aspects of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome].

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBOS) means chronic recurrent diarrhea with malabsorption, intoxication and increased risk of endogenous infection. This syndrome are accompanied by increase of overall bacterial burden in biotope >10(5) CFU/ml in adults and >10(4) CFU/ml in children, emergence of different species of enterobacteria, bacteroides, clostridia and fusobacteria et al. in small intestine. Such characteristics of the syndrome allow to consider it as syndrome of disturbances of intestinal microflora (dysbacteriosis). Microecological changes are accompanied by B12 vitamin deficiency anemia, hypovitaminosis, protein deficiency, translocation of bacteria and their toxins from intestine in blood, emergence of endotoxinemia and possible generalization of infection. SIBOS is diagnosed by concentration of hydrogen in expiratory flow (lactulosa load test) or by bacteriological study of aspirate from proximal part of small intestine. Complex treatment includes containing lacto- and bifidobacteria probiotics and, in more severe cases, antimicrobial agents (vancomycine, metronidazole, aminoglycosides, amoxicillin clavulanate, tetracycline, and cephalosporines of 2nd generation) with following correction of disturbed microbiocenosis by different probiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Multivitamin prophylaxis in prevention of post-gastric bypass vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

One hundred forty patients were followed for a mean 24.2 months after gastric bypass. Postop multivitamin (MV) prophylaxis was recommended for all patients and 90 of 140 patients (64 percent) were regularly compliant. Deficiencies in iron, vitamin B-12 or folate were recognized in 88 of 140 patients (63 percent). Thirty of 45 patients (67 percent) with iron deficiency developed anemia. Forty-three of the 52 patients who did not have deficiencies were regularly taking MV vs 47 of 88 patients who developed deficiencies (P less than 0.001). MV prophylaxis was successful in preventing folate (P less than or equal to 0.05) and vitamin B-12 deficiencies (P less than or equal to 0.02) but did not prevent development of iron deficiency or subsequent anemia. There was no correlation between taking prescribed supplements and resolution of either iron deficiency of anemia. B-12 and folate supplements corrected deficiencies in 73 percent of cases. We conclude that oral MV prophylaxis is useful in preventing folate and B-12 deficiency after gastric bypass. Additional prophylactic iron supplements should be provided for women to prevent iron deficiency and associated anemia.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1991

Pathogenesis of respiratory infection in the disadvantaged.

People living in poverty suffer from an increased burden of illness. The increase in respiratory illnesses in poor populations spans a spectrum from immuno-preventive respiratory infections in refugee populations to tuberculosis among the inner-city homeless. Such populations suffer from greater exposures to disease-causing agents and from depressed host resistance to those microbes. This article discusses the latter cause. Studies are reviewed that show the associations between poverty and respiratory disease; between poverty and such factors as stress, poor nutrition, low birth weight, and co-infections; and those associations that help dissect the pathogenic pathways by which these factors impair host defenses against infection. In the end, such influences are aggregate, and the conditions of poverty and the growing inequality in resource distribution emerges worldwide as a major determinant of health.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Nutrition and andrological problems].

Andrologic problems were considered as nutrition is concerned: vitamin and oligo-element deficiencies, metabolic alterations, and toxic intake. Ethanol role was examined and discussed for its relevance in psychological and organic impairment due to both chronic abuse and acute intake, mainly for its role on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Rational nutrition is a clue in sexual disturbance prevention, correction and integrated care.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

Biotin.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1991

[The induction of the monooxygenase system and the incorporation of the radioactive label from 2-14C-lysine into the liver microsome fraction of rats exposed to phenobarbital against a background of deficiencies in lysine, methionine, threonine and vitamins A, C and E].

The effect of diet on induction of monooxygenases and distribution of label from 2-14C-lysine in fractions of liver homogenate, muscle homogenate and blood of male rats treated with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg, three days) was studied. 2-14C-lysine was injected intraperitoneally 24 h before the first injection of phenobarbital. It was demonstrated that monoxygenase induction, increase of relative liver weight and incorporation of label from 2-14C-lysine into fractions of liver homogenate in phenobarbital-treated rats were more pronounced as compared with the similarly treated rats that were fed a balanced diet. The possibility of mobilization of deficient essential components to liver from other organs and tissues for maintenance of monoxygenase induction is discussed.

Amino Acids↗