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PubMed1984

[Changes in the central and peripheral nervous system in cows after laparotomy].

Two sexually mature cows were used for the studies in which operations were performed, consisting in cutting the abdominal tunics at a length of 30 cm in the left iliac region. The cows were kept alive for 21 days after the operation. Then they were slaughtered, taking the following material for studies: The spinal cord, bilateral spinal ganglions, bilateral subvertebral sympathetic ganglions and autonomous ganglions of abdominal and pelvic cavities. The material was embedded in paraffin and cut into 15 n sections, which were stained with methylene blue according to Nissel. Regressive changes in cells of many nervous centres due to the operations performed were found. They were found in: spinal ganglions of the lumbar and sacral segment, nuclei of spinal grey matter (nucleus motorius, nucleus dorsalis, nucleus intermediomedialis, nucleus intermediolateralis) in the lumbar and sacral segment and in the sympathetic subvertebral ganglions of the lumbar and sacral segment. Degeneration changes of the cells were observed only on the operated side.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1980

Studies on sacral-evoked potentials.

The bulbocavernosus reflex may be evoked electrically with a latency of approximately 35 msec. in normal male subjects. We have studied the sacral-evoked response in 116 individuals, 10 of whom were normal controls. For each study ipsilateral and contralateral responses were obtained from each side, resulting in 4 latency values. We herein describe the abnormalities in 54 patients with a variety of documented neurologic lesions. Our investigation reveals that the bulbocavernosus reflex has the characteristics of a cutaneous polysynaptic bilateral flexor response. The use of bilateral stimulation and recording techniques permits more effective localization of neurologic lesions involving the conus medullaris or cauda equina roots.

Electric Stimulation↗