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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Residual cognitive impairment in late-life depression after a 12-month period follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated cognitive impairment in late-life depression in a follow-up design. The main objective was to assess the most important cognitive domains implicated in late-life depression, in patients who underwent pharmacological treatment, in the acute phase and twelve months after. METHODS: Neuropsychological and clinical data were used from the baseline of patients and controls, to determine the cognitive impairment in the acute phase. Patients repeated the neuropsychological assessment at twelve months. RESULTS: There were significant differences between patients and controls at baseline. But in the patients there was no change over twelve months. There were no differences between remitted and non-remitted patients on neuropsychological scores. CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive impairment seen in the elderly depressed patients seems to be a trait characteristic of this mental disease, even when the depressive episode has remitted.

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PubMed2004

Porous polymer monolith for surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of small molecules.

Porous poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(benzyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monoliths have been prepared on the top of standard sample plates used for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and the modified plates were used for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The hydrophobic porous surface of these monoliths enables the transfer of sufficient energy to the analyte to induce desorption and ionization prior to TOFMS analysis. Both UV and thermally initiated polymerization using a mask or circular openings in a thin gasket have been used to define spot locations matching those of the MALDI plates. The desorption/ionization ability of the monolithic materials depends on the applied laser power, the solvent used for sample preparation, and the pore size of the monoliths. The monolithic matrices are very stable and can be used even after long storage times in a typical laboratory environment without observing any deterioration of their properties. The performance of the monolithic material is demonstrated with the mass analysis of several small molecules including drugs, explosives, and acid labile compounds. The macroporous spots also enable the archiving of samples.

Acids↗
PubMed2007

Using trajectories from a bivariate growth curve as predictors in a Cox regression model.

An important research objective in most psychiatric clinical trials of maintenance treatment is to find predictors of recurrence of illness. In those trials, patients are first admitted into an open treatment period also called acute treatment. If they respond to the treatment and are considered to have stable remission from the illness, they enter the second phase of the trial where they are randomized into different arms of the 'maintenance treatments'. Often, more than one response variable is measured longitudinally in the acute treatment phase to monitor treatment responses. Trajectories of these response measures are believed to have predictive ability for recurrences in the maintenance phase of the trial. By using a bivariate growth curve from two such longitudinal measures, we developed a method to use the estimated trajectories of each subject in a Cox regression model to predict recurrence in the maintenance phase. To adjust for the parameter estimation errors, we applied a full likelihood approach based on the conditional expectations of the predictors. Simulation studies indicate that the estimation error corrected estimators for the Cox model parameters are less biased when compared to the naive regression estimators without accounting for these errors. The uniqueness of this method lies in estimating trajectories from bivariate unequally spaced longitudinal response measures. An illustrative example is provided with data from a maintenance treatment trial for major depression in an elderly population. Visual Fortran 90 programs were developed to implement the algorithm.

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PubMed1984

Evaluation of the levels of free and total amitriptyline and metabolites in the plasma and brain of the rat after long-term administration of doses used in receptor studies.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the level of amitriptyline (AT) and its metabolites. Three separate experiments were carried out. In two of these experiments, rats were treated over 7 days with IP doses of AT (10 mg/kg in experiment A and 2 X 20 mg/kg in experiment C). The rats were sacrificed either 2 (experiment C) or 12 h (experiments A and C) after the last dose. In experiment B, rats were sacrificed 2 or 12 h after a single dose of 20 mg/kg AT. The results of these experiments showed the following: in experiment A only AT was measurable in the brain and in the plasma, in contrast to experiments B and C, where NT and the hydroxylated metabolites AT-OH and NT-OH reached significant levels in the plasma and in the brain. The concentrations of AT-OH, NT-OH, and NT (12-h values) that were found in the brain are probably not pharmacologically relevant. The 12-h plasma values of all compounds tested were, even with the highest dose, lower than those expected to be clinically effective in man. Our results suggest that AT, at higher doses, may induce its own metabolism. The free plasma levels of this drug and its metabolites are higher in man than in the rat. The possible implications of these results in the use of antidepressants in the treatment of depression are discussed.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1984

Single-dose single-point method in amitriptyline therapy.

Twenty-one depressed patients participated in a study that assessed the predictability of amitriptyline (AT) dosage based on plasma drug concentrations after a single dose. In 11 patients maintained on a fixed dose regimen, the 18-h single-dose level was confirmed to be predictive of steady-state levels. The dose for the next 10 patients was derived from their 18-h level aiming to attain steady-state levels of 200 ng/ml. The patients achieved a mean steady-state level of 213 ng/ml with 80% attaining therapeutic levels. All the patients improved within 2 weeks. These preliminary results suggest that dose prediction based on a single-dose TCA level is reliable and beneficial.

Adult↗