Scar tissue associated with the apices of pulpless teeth prior to endodontic therapy.
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Cicatrix↗
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Results for “Tooth Root”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Combined endodontic-orthodontic treatment of transverse root fractures in the region of the alveolar crest.
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Adult↗
A histopathologic, histobacteriologic, and radiographic study of periapical endodontic surgical specimens.
Data available on 230 periapical endodontic surgical specimens were studied. It was found that bacteria occurred in the periapical tissue very infrequently. In addition, there was no correlation between the presence of acute inflammatory cells and the presence or absence of pain. Granulomas with epithelium occurred in 61 out of 230 cases, while 14 of these were cysts. Of the 110 cases with radiographic follow-up data, 67 were classified as successful, 40 were uncertain, and 3 were unsuccessful according to a modification of Strindberg's criteria, whereas 107 would have been successes according to the criteria of Bender and Seltzer and their associates. No valid biologic or clinical basis for endodontic therapy as suggested by Bhaskar was found in this material.
Connective Tissue↗
Submergence of roots for alveolar bone preservation. I. Endodontically treated roots.
Mandibular premolars in four dogs were endodontically treated and then totally submerged. Histologic and radiographic findings showed that this procedure should be considered as an alternative to extraction of key teeth in an effort to preserve alveolar bone. 1. Periodic follow-up on this procedure should be done to rule out cystic formation. 2. Beveling the coronal portion to the buccal is advocated to compensate for the thin buccal plate. 3. The procedure should be done in two steps to allow the root canal sealer to set, or an amalgam should be placed over the pulp canal. 4. New cementum and connective tissue will form over the coronal surface separating the dentin from new bone.
Alveolar Process↗
Tissue formation in the root canal after total pulpectomy and partial root filling.
In twenty human teeth, total removal of the pulp was attempted, and the root canal was filled 2 to 4 mm. short of the foramen in the same sitting. The root filling consisted of gutta-percha points and Kloroperka N-ö as a sealer. The teeth were extracted after observation periods of 2, 6, and 10 months and committed to histologic examination. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated that after 2 months, the space in the canal between the root filling and the foramen was occupied by connective tissue slightly inflamed in the area adjacent to the root filling. After 6 and 10 months the entire space contained a fully developed cell-rich fibrous tissue, and only a few lymphocytes were observed adjacent to the root filling material.
Adult↗
Analysis and comparison of root canal filling techniques.
Although much as been written about the filling of root canals, the subject is still dominated by vagueness, and there is no analytic and comparative study in the literature of the techniques in use. Furthermore, long-term results (not just for 2 or 3 years) are lacking. The inconveniences of all filling techniques, divided in three groups, are analyzed, pointing out their low percentages of success. Only precise and controllable techniques can achieve high percentages of success.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
Root canal treatment with calcium hydroxide. I. Effect of overfilling and refilling.
Root canals of dog premolar teeth were negotiated and overfilled with calcium hydroxide paste. After 30 days, half of the treated teeth were refilled up to the apical limit. Root canals not filled were considered as the control group. Ninety days after the first treatment, histologic analysis showed more favorable results in the refilled root canals. The overfilling elicits calcium hydroxide resorption and the ingrowth of periapical connective tissue into the root canal.
Animals↗
Root canal treatment with calcium hydroxide. II. Effect of instrumentation beyond the apices.
Root canals of dog premolar teeth were instrumented beyond the apices and enlarged up to the size of a No. 40 or 80 file and filled with calcium hydroxide up to the foramen. Ninety days later the histologic data showed more favorable results with the root canals instrumented until file No. 80.
Animals↗
The prognosis of traumatized permanent anterior teeth with fracture of the enamel and dentin.
The purpose of this study was to examine, in the light of a 2-year follow-up, the diagnostic and prognostic value of vitality tests in teeth which had suffered fracture of the enamel and dentin without pulp exposure, to assess the period in which late pathologic changes may occur, and to determine the recommended time intervals for follow-up examinations. Eighty-four childred, 6 to 14 years of age, with 123 traumatized teeth were included in the study. Of these teeth, 87 percent were "vital" at the initial examination, and most of these remained vital throughout the 2 years. Most pathologic changes occur within 6 months after trauma. It is recommended that follow-up examinations be performed 3 and 6 months after the trauma. Root canal treatment is usually necessary in teeth which have no vital response by the 3- and 6-month examinations.
Adolescent↗
Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures.
Thirty-two cases of vertical fractures were studied in an attempt to identify the causes and diagnostic signs normally present. In all of the patients except two, osseous defects were present and could be probed. The majortiy (65.63 percent) had only mild pain or a dull discomfort. Seventy-five percent showed diffuse widening of the periodontal ligament space. This study suggests that excessive force during lateral condensation of the gutta-percha caused 84.38 percent of the fractures. A secondary cause was the forcing or tapping of inlays or dowels into place. The majority (78.13 percent) of the patients were over the age of 40. In all but nine of the cases, treatment consisted of the extraction of the involved teeth.
Adult↗
An additional clinical observation in two cases of vertical root fracture.
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Aged↗
Management of endodontic perforations.
1. Perforations in the floor of the pulp chambers of molars offer an improved prognosis when treated aseptically and quickly. 2. Perforations in the apical third of the root canal, when made with a reamer or file that leaves 2 mm. or less of unfilled root canal space, have a good prognosis. 3. If a perforation, either mechanical or resorptive in etiology, occurs on the lingual surface and requires surgical management, prognosis is poor. 4. Recent advances in the use of calcium hydroxide to treat endodontic perforations show promise.
Adolescent↗
An instrument for measuring root canal length and apex location. A rapid technique.
The invention of a new instrument (the Apexfinder) for measuring the root length and apex location is reported. This instrument is an accurate and reliable tool for the apex determination. The application method is based on the insertion of a plastic, fine-tapered barbed shaft through a beveled tube into the root canal. When resistance to withdrawal is felt, which indicates that one of the barbs has engaged the apical margin, the shaft is marked at the level of the cusp tip. The distance between the mark and the barbs which caused the resistance is measured. These barbs will show apical inclination, which would be opposite to the direction of the rest of the barbs. The practitioner can rely on this technique in the majority of cases provided that a full range of plastic shafts, with different dimensions, is available for use with the outer tube.
Dental Pulp Cavity↗
Dilaceration of permanent upper lateral incisors: frequency, direction, and endodontic treatment implications.
A sample of 480 extracted permanent upper lateral incisors was visually examined and the direction of dilaceration was recorded. It was found that 52.1 percent of the roots of these teeth were distolabially dilacerated. Analysis of radiographs of another sample of 442 endodontically treated teeth revealed that distolabial dilaceration occurred in 52 percent of the cases. It is proposed that oversight of the distolabial direction of root dilaceration of upper lateral incisors can be a contributing factor in the failure of endodontic treatment of these teeth.
Humans↗
Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth.
Two thousand four hundred human permanent teeth were decalcified, injected with dye, and cleared in order to determine the number of root canals and their different types, the ramifications of the main root canals, the location of apical foramina and transverse anastomoses, and the frequency of apical deltas.
Adult↗
Mandibular first molar with three distal canals.
A mandibular molar requiring root canal therapy was found with five canals, a mesial root, and two distal roots. The distobuccal root had two separate canals, and the distolingual root had but one. The bizarre aspects of this case are somewhat lessened because of the presence of the second distal root. Practitioners should not become excessively alarmed by the increasing reports of bizarre pulpal anatomy. However, knowledge of their existence may occasionally enable them to treat a case successfully that otherwise might have ended in failure.
Adolescent↗