We interrupt this column; potential virus passed to you.
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Computer Security↗
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Results for “secured computing”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Protection against viruses.
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Computer Security↗
Biomedical databases: protecting privacy and promoting research.
When combined with medical information, large electronic databases of information that identify individuals provide superlative resources for genetic, epidemiology and other biomedical research. Such research resources increasingly need to balance the protection of privacy and confidentiality with the promotion of research. Models that do not allow the use of such individual-identifying information constrain research; models that involve commercial interests raise concerns about what type of access is acceptable. Researchers, individuals representing the public interest and those developing regulatory guidelines must be involved in an ongoing dialogue to identify practical models.
Computer Security↗
Do the research goal and databases match? A checklist for a systematic approach.
To test the appropriateness of a given database for specific research questions, we designed a checklist starting with the definition of an ideal database. This ideal database contains all relevant data on patients, providers and services. It is safe and accessible, input is always accurate, continuity is guaranteed and linkage with other information is easy. Of course no such database exists. Still these features are often taken for granted, but highly influenced by organizational processes in healthcare and prioritization. Starting with the characteristics of an ideal database, one can systematically list the required aspects for research goals and compare these with the available systems. This checklist is used to address important aspects of administrative database research and ethical issues. The increasing possibility to misuse sensitive data needs to be discussed by researchers, administrators, individuals and society. This checklist can also be valuable to others to design or interpret studies based on claims databases.
Benchmarking↗
Transaction costs economics as a conceptual framework for the analysis of barriers to the diffusion of telemedicine.
Telemedecine has been talked about for more than 20 years, without it entering daily use with any success. Based on transaction costs economics, the present analysis of the exchange relationships between health care producers highlights certain characteristics of the current technical and legislative context, which leads to transaction costs. It also demonstrates that the introduction of telemedicine shifts the costs associated with agents' opportunism from patients to health-care producers themselves. All these costs may be considered nowadays to thwart the use of telemedicine. It is argued here that the Public Authorities and professionals of health care could act upon telemedicine in two fields: (1) intervention in the institutional environment aims notably at better defining the property rights of telemedicine, and so constitutes an unavoidable means of encouraging health-care producers to invest in new technology; and (2) implementation of organisational forms and mechanisms susceptible to regulating such telemedical relationships between health care producers-given the present institutional environment-constitutes an essential means for overcoming the immediate barriers blocking the diffusion of telemedicine.
Communication Barriers↗
Legal ethical and risk issues in telemedicine.
This paper summarizes the main topics of discussion at a workshop hosted by the Centre for Law Ethics and Risk in Telemedicine at the 2nd International Conference on Advances in the Delivery of Care, held at the Institute of Health Sciences, City University, London from Wednesday 24 to Friday 26 March 1999. The workshop offered a unique opportunity for practitioners in the fields of telemedicine and shared care to discuss the legal, ethical and risk issues arising from the practice of medicine and healthcare from a distance using information and communication technologies ('ICTs') with a panel of experts from the fields of medicine, law, insurance and risk management. There was a broad consensus that many of the legal and ethical issues raised by those who dislike the idea of treating distant patients were not specific to telemedicine but to medicine and healthcare in general. It was agreed, however, that in those areas where telemedicine does create new clinical risks and responsibilities a much more proactive role should be taken by the professional associations and Royal Colleges in providing better education and guidance to their members about the practical and professional issues that will inevitably arise from the evolution of 'Hospitals Without Walls'.
Computer Security↗
A human tissue and data resource: an overview of opportunities, challenges, and development of a provider/researcher partnership model.
As we continue to strive to apply the findings of in vitro and animal studies to human disease and transition from genomics to proteomics, we will experience an ever-increasing need for human tissues. A web based system that provides access to tissues repositories and associated data will best facilitate the access to these vital resources and the application of research information to human disease treatment. There are organizational and design requirements that must be addressed in the implementation of the infrastructures that are needed to implement such a system, with special attention paid to the protection of patient anonymity. This report describes the implementation of a prototype human tissue network in the hope of encouraging implementation of similar systems among other consortia of providers and researchers.
Animals↗
Internet (WWW) based system of ultrasonic image processing tools for remote image analysis.
Ultrasonic Doppler color imaging can provide anatomic information and simultaneously render flow information within blood vessels for diagnostic purpose. Many researchers are currently developing ultrasound image processing algorithms in order to provide physicians with accurate clinical parameters from the images. Because researchers use a variety of computer languages and work on different computer platforms to implement their algorithms, it is difficult for other researchers and physicians to access those programs. A system has been developed using World Wide Web (WWW) technologies and HTTP communication protocols to publish our ultrasonic Angle Independent Doppler Color Image (AIDCI) processing algorithm and several general measurement tools on the Internet, where authorized researchers and physicians can easily access the program using web browsers to carry out remote analysis of their local ultrasonic images or images provided from the database. In order to overcome potential incompatibility between programs and users' computer platforms, ActiveX technology was used in this project. The technique developed may also be used for other research fields.
Algorithms↗
Telemonitoring of patients at home: a software agent approach.
To address the issue of the increasing social, economical and medical needs of maintaining at home people in loss of autonomy while preserving privacy and quality of life, the authors present a software agent based telemonitoring and alarm raising system. The article describes the overall architecture, the various components of the model, and the methodology that has been used. It specifically addresses the issue of reflecting in the object oriented model of the system various dimensions including: the physical world of in-home bio-signal sensors, the numerical world of software agents and Internet-related technologies, and the medical and social worlds of patients, physicians and caregivers. In the model, the main stream of information goes from the biophysical world of patients at home to the socio-medical world of carers through a chain of devices including in-home sensors, local area network, home computer, remote server, and carers' computers. Each device hosts software agents with different levels of knowledge and complexity. Internet and Java technologies provide the building blocks of the designed telemonitoring software. Laboratory experiments have been realized using a fully equipped 'smart' demonstration home for telecare. The study takes place into a more general research project on 'smart' homes for telecare conducted at the Hospital Centre of Grenoble, France.
Computer Security↗
[The computerization of primary care].
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Computer Security↗
Factors governing speed of societal responses to threats: precision of definition of the threat may be more important than its anticipated likely severity.
Responses to two recent international public health threats, AIDS and BSE, both exemplify missed opportunities for early intervention. They are in contrast to the response to the Y2K computer issue, a threat of lesser-anticipated consequence but one that was more precisely defined. Lessons from these experiences should inform the public health response to new threats, such as the emergence of multiple drug resistance in human pathogens.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Teleradiology in Europe.
The new concept of teleradiology is centered on the consideration that it involves management of medical information rather than the simple transmission of diagnostic images from one location to another. Teleradiology must therefore be able to contribute to the seamless integration of the digital environment in which medical data are managed throughout and beyond the hospital, generating value added services for the patients as well as prospective economical benefits for the institution. In this perspective the evolution of telecommunication with the spectacular success of mobile telephony and Internet will play and increasingly important role, by allowing further development in the exchange of multimedia medical information on a regional as well as international level. However, new responsibilities are being given to the radiologists, who must take all necessary technical and organizational actions in order to avoid that the digital management of data may endanger the confidentiality and the integrity of patients' data.
Computer Security↗
Medical records confidentiality.
Laws defining the physician's duty of confidentiality vary from state to state. Legal and ethical requirements may not be the same for all specialties. Advances in information technology threaten the patient's right to medical records' privacy. Physicians must take the lead in preserving that right.
Computer Security↗
Confidentiality in the emergency department.
The ideal of patient confidentiality has mutated over the last several years to accommodate the factors that infringe upon its meaning; such as expanding health care information technologies, physical environments that promote breaches of patient privacy, and health care workers who are unaware of how their routine behavior infringes on patients' right to privacy. This article examines the various ways in which confidentiality is breached in the emergency department and the legal issues involved, and explores options for the improvement of patient privacy for physicians and other health care professionals.
Computer Security↗
Scientific publishing-an evolving beast.
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Computer Security↗
Development of computer-assisted patient control for use in the hospital setting during mass casualty incidents.
Hospital resolution of mass casualty incidents can have difficulties involving "command and control" and information management, ineffective use of triage classes, and missed diagnostic procedures, leading to lower quality of care. A computer system has been developed to supply continuously updated group and patient data. The system uses barcoded identifiers to represent patients, injuries, facilities, and locations, in order to minimize errors and make exchange of data possible. The system communicates with the permanent hospital information system. This article reports the use of this technology during several experiments and real incidents. Computer registration based on bar codes, despite the greater number of items entered, still showed 25% fewer inaccuracies when compared with handwritten medical charts. Extensive training was shown to be unnecessary. Paramedical personnel judged the automated procedures to be an improvement during the admission of 143 evacuated patients.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Lessons learned from England about introducing technology into primary care.
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗