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Results for “MANDIBULAR CONDYLE”

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PubMed1979

Odontoma in the subcondylar region.

An instance of a compound odontoma in the condylar process in a 24-year-old female is described. Location of odontomas in the coronoid or condylar processes were not reported. A hypothesis of migration of the third molar bud into the condylar region, an interfering local factor such as trauma or infection are suggested as aetiologic factors to the tumour in this case. Pre-operative radiographic localisation of the mass, are essential for treatment planning. An intra-oral approach was the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures via an extended bicoronal approach with a masseteric myotomy.

Although condylar fractures of the mandible may be treated by closed reduction and appropriate physiotherapy, open reduction and internal fixation is indicated in specific circumstances. We report 25 cases of a previously unreported method of exposure of condylar fractures using an extended bicoronal approach combined with myotomy of the masseter muscle. Acceptable reduction and fixation was achieved in all cases with an early return to function. The incidence of complications was low, with three mild temporary facial palsies which had resolved by the sixth postoperative week and one haematoma beneath the bicoronal scalp flap. A cosmetically acceptable scar was produced in all cases. The excellent surgical exposure and protection of the facial nerve, combined with cosmetically acceptable scars, commend the use of this technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

CT evaluation of otorrhagia associated with condylar fractures.

To assess a simplified CT evaluation of otorrhagia due to condylar fracture, 16 patients with post-traumatic otorrhagia underwent axial CT of the petrous bones and coronal CT of the temporo-mandibular joints (TMJs). Bilateral high condylar fractures were demonstrated in seven patients. Unilateral subcondylar fracture dislocations with contralateral high condylar fractures were demonstrated in the other nine patients. The otorrhagia was always ipsilateral to a high condylar fracture. Otorrhagia due to condylar fractures occurred when the fracture was bilateral and ipsilateral to a high condylar fracture. The diagnostic procedure of choice is coronal CT of the TMJs which should be carried out if axial CT of the petrous bones showed them to be intact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The jaw open-close movements predicted by biomechanical modelling.

The aim of this study was to analyse unloaded jaw-opening and jaw-closing movements in humans. For this purpose a dynamical 6-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of the human masticatory system was developed. It incorporated morphology, muscle architecture and dynamical muscle properties. Various symmetrical jaw-opening and jaw-closing movements were simulated based upon different muscle activation schemes. It was found that the balance between swing and slide of the mandibular condyle at the onset of a jaw-opening movement was predominantly dependent on the level of activation of the digastric and inferior lateral pterygoid muscles. The level of activation of the temporalis muscle parts was of critical importance for the jaw-closing movements. The amount of jaw opening was limited by the passive forces of the jaw-closing muscles. In contrast, the influence of the passive forces of the jaw-opening muscles on the jaw-closing movement was neglectable. Throughout the movements the temporomandibular joints remained loaded. The average torques generated by the jaw-opening or jaw-closing muscles with respect to the centre of gravity of the lower jaw had similar orientations and can be considered to be responsible for joint stabilization. The average direction of their lines of action, however, was about opposite, and this can be considered as the major discriminant between a movement in opening or closing direction.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

[Genetic aspects of cherubism].

INTRODUCTION: Cherubism is an extensive kystic process of the mandibula. The diagnosis is often established in children presented swelling of the jaws. The familial determinism of cherubism is well-known, and recently autosomal dominant cases have been described with detection of the exon 9 - SH3BP2 mutation. OBSERVATION: We describe the case of a 14-year-old boy with grade I cherubism diagnosed late. The familial genomic analyze conducted in Berlin was negative for the recently identified candidate gene. DISCUSSION: Apart from dominant cases cherubism sometimes occurs sporadically, some of the cases resulting from a neomutation of the candidate gene. The present case with familial bone homeostasis and dental disorders is an argument for the recessive transmission hypothesis or for another candidate gene.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2002

Optimal design and fabrication of scaffolds to mimic tissue properties and satisfy biological constraints.

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds must shape regenerating tissue, provide temporary mechanical support and enhance tissue regeneration. These requirements result in conflicting design goals. For example, increased temporary mechanical function requires a dense scaffold while enhanced cell/gene delivery requires a porous scaffold. This paper demonstrates an image-based homogenization optimization approach that can design scaffold microstructure, scaffold material and regenerate tissue microstructure to meet conflicting design requirements. In addition, constraints to ensure adequate cell/gene delivery can be introduced using a minimum porosity threshold. Homogenization theory was used to compute relationships between scaffold microstructure and effective stiffness. The functional relationships were used in the MATLAB optimization toolbox to compute optimal pore dimensions and scaffold material such that the scaffold and regenerate tissue effective stiffness matched that of native bone stiffness. The scaffold design was converted into STL format for solid free-form fabrication. Scaffolds were designed that matched mandibular condyle trabecular bone properties. Results showed excellent agreement between native bone properties and designed scaffold properties (all R2 > 0.89). Finally, example scaffolds were built from hydroxyapatite using a SFF casting technique.

Biocompatible Materials↗