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At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Postmenopausal osteoporosis: the role of estrogens.

In 1980, the combined incidences of vertebral and hip fractures necessitating hospitalization of women living in Knox County, Tennessee nearly doubled each five years after the age of 50. These data led us to review the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic measures used to control or minimize the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal diminution in estrogen metabolism appears to be the most important cause of osteoporosis. Other contributory factors include an early menopause, low body weight, lack of sufficient exercise, poor nutrition, and excessive use of alcohol, coffee, and tobacco. Absorptiometric studies, which have minimal radiation risk, are one of the more reliable methods to identify women with osteoporosis, whereas ordinary roentgenographic methods are relatively inaccurate for this purpose. Therapeutically, we recommend cyclic estrogen combined with a progestogen, the latter drug given for ten days each month to minimize the chance of endometrial or mammary carcinoma, particularly if estrogen is to be given for five years or more. In addition, particular attention should be given to good nutrition, including 1 to 2 gm of calcium salts taken each evening, and adequate exercise. Intake of coffee and alcoholic beverages and use of cigarettes should be discontinued or minimized.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Costal stapling in severe thoracic traumas (author's transl)].

Thirty-two of 320 patients with severe thoracic trauma were treated with costal stapling. The technique, described by R. Judet in 1973, is basically simple but sometimes difficult to perform. In the most favourable cases (here 23/32 patients), it avoids tracheostomy and its complications and reduces the restrictive sequelae associated with pleural adhesion or thoracic wall deformities. In addition, active respiratory physiotherapy can be undertaken at an earlier stage. The authors describe the indications and limitations of this treatment on the basis of the results obtained in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Scanning electron microscopic study of primary fracture healing.

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study primary bone healing. This technique, essential for a three-dimensional description, has provided excellent visualization and revealed new aspects of the micromorphology of primary bone healing. Calcifying collagen bundles were responsible for the first mechanical stability, bone healing took place later in fracture vaults generated by compressed fracture fragments which were partially nonvital. A direct bridging of the fracture fragments by sprouting osteons was not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Traumatic partial avulsion of a single right subclavian artery from the aortic arch and definitive repair.

Blunt injury to the right subclavian artery is a rare complication of severe deceleration trauma often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We describe an atypical presentation in a patient who sustained a traumatic avulsion of his right subclavian artery arising off the aortic arch. An interposition graft was used to restore the continuity of the artery to the ascending thoracic aorta.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Force distribution across the heel of the hand during simulated manual chest compression.

According to most published guidelines of cardiopulmonary resuscitation chest compression is performed on the lower half of the sternum by compressing the sternum with the heel of one hand and the other hand on top of the first. In all guidelines and during CPR training great importance is attributed to exact localisation of the so-called compression point. In a laboratory investigation we assessed the force distribution across the heel of the hand and defined the total breadth in contact with the sternum. In order to find out whether there is any difference in the force pattern with the right or the left hand in direct contact with the sternum we determined the resultant maximal force of that part of the heel of the hand exerting the maximal force. A total of 12 anaesthetists performed simulated chest compressions onto a flat surface covered with an integrated force sensor mat. The distance between the most ulnar part and the most radial part of the hand was determined to be 9.2 cm. Similar mean total forces were measured (right hand in contact: 644 N; left hand in contact: 621 N). In all except one anaesthetist the hypothenar part of the heel exerted a significantly higher force compared to the thenar part, independent of whether the right hand or the left hand was in contact. The distance between points of maximal force when the right hand or when the left hand in contact was 2.2 cm corresponding to the breadth of one and a half fingers. To reduce the potential risk of sternal fractures by chest compressions applied too far in a cephalad direction, we recommend use of the right hand in contact if the rescuer kneels at the right side of the patient and vice versa.

Adult↗