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PubMed1990

Root complex and root canal system: a correlation analysis using one-rooted mandibular second molars.

The principal aim of this investigation was to verify an expected, probable correlation between certain variables, which are initially represented in the macrostructure of the root complex corresponding to the cemento-dentin junction, and certain variables that subsequently manifest themselves in the root canal system. A material consisting of 76 one-rooted, permanent mandibular second molars (M2 inf) was used. The specimens were cut at the mid-root level and all observations were made on the coronal root segment using a stereomicroscope. Relevant variables of the root complex were observed. The total macromorphologic variation of the root complex could be subdivided and classified in well-defined, distinguishable types. In accordance with the single root complex type an expected, logically deduced configuration of the root canal system was established. The relevant variables of the canal system were then recorded. Finally, the root complex morphology, as well as the expected and actually observed canal configuration, were compared type by type. In 76.3% of the teeth a good concordance could be shown between the expected and the actual canal configuration, whereas in 23.7% of the specimens there was a divergence. In 42.1% of the investigated teeth, 1 centrally localized main canal with varying cross section images, among them a C-shaped image, was found. In 30.3%, 2 main canals were found, which were often localized mesially and distally. In 23.7%, 3 main canals were observed: 1 mesiofacial, 1 mesiolingual and 1 distal. In the remaining 3.9%, 1 non-independent supernumerary canal was seen in a distolingual position.

Classification↗
PubMed1992

[The orodental findings in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. A report of 2 clinical cases].

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDs) is a hereditary disorder of the connective tissue. Its clinical expression is variable and there are many difficulties in recognizing the disease because of the presence of eleven different forms. In this study the authors describe the oral manifestations in two cases of EDs. The children show hyperelasticity of the skin, easy bruisability, hyperextensibility of the joints, several dental manifestations: periodontitis, many caries, supernumerary teeth or hypodontia.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

[Stomatological studies of the slavic cemetery at the Spandau Burgwall, Berlin].

The dentition of a medieval population from the former Spandau Burgwall in Berlin was investigated with regard to caries and other abnormities of the teeth, the palate and the jaws. The caries frequency amounts to 7.9%, while 63.6% of the individuals had a caries dentition. The diminuation of the caries frequency from the juveniles to the 40--60 years old individuals depends on the high rate of loss of tooth during life. Probably, all teeth which have been lost during life can be evaluated as decayed teeth. X-ray pictures have shown that three sets of teeth have hypercementotic alterations at the roots, eight permanent dentitions have cysts and apical parodontitis. Supernumerary cuspids at the toothcrowns are to be seen as a tuberculum paramolare and a tuberculum intermedium. A second upper molar has a reduced crown with only two cuspids and shows the tendency of reduction to a bicuspid. Toothrotation and other deviations of teeth from their position in the row are frequent in this material. Four deciduous dentitions of children were investigated, too. Three carious teeth were found among 45 available teeth, two deciduous molars and one first upper molar show a Carabelli's tubercle, the other first molar has a fovea carabelli.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Autogeneic tooth transplantation in the treatment of malocclusion.

The use of autogenous tooth transplant in selected cases in presented as a solution to the problem case involving congenitally missing, evulsed, or extracted teeth. To insure success, the following requirements should be observed: Donor tooth should have approximately one-half to three-quarters development of final root length. There should be minimal trauma to the root surface of the transplant and to the recipient site. The recipient alveolus should have adequate bone in all dimensions. The time lapse in the transfer from host to recipient site should be minimal. Proper stabilization is assured by suturing of the surrounding soft tissue. Admittedly, the occasion does not commonly arise to utilize either supernumerary teeth or teeth that would ordinarily be discarded. However, the orthodontist and oral surgeon should realize that a unique treatment that can be applied to those uncommon occasions is available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Etiological study of relationship between impacted permanent teeth and malocclusion].

This investigation was undertaken to determine the causes of impacted permanent teeth and whether they have any influence on dentition, occlusion and skeletal patterns. The materials used were dental X-rays, occlusal dental X-rays, panoramic radiograms and cephalograms and dental casts of 194 cases (51 males and 143 females) which revealed impacted permanent teeth among 3979 cases (1215 males and 2764 females) from 1964 to 1985 in the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The incidence of impacted permanent teeth in these samples was 4.9% of the entire number of orthodontic patients. There was no significant difference between sexes. 2. The incidence according to the number of impacted permanent teeth was as follows: one impacted tooth, 74.8%; two impacted teeth; 21.1%, three impacted teeth; 3.6%, four impacted teeth; 0.5%. The incidence of two symmetrically impacted teeth was 61.5%. 3. As to the type of impacted teeth, the frequency of maxillary central incisors was the largest (33.7%), followed by 3 (25.0%), 5 (22.2%), 5 (11.9%), 2 (4.4%), 3 (1.2%), 4 (0.8%), 4 (0.4%), and 7 (0.4%). But no impacted teeth were found in the regions of 1, 2, 6, 6, 7 and 7. 4. As to impacted teeth and the type of malocclusion, the spaced arch in the anterior region had impacted teeth most frequently followed by crowding, open bite and lateral cross bite. Malocclusions with the smallest incidence were cross bite and upper protrusion. The spaced arch had a higher incidence of impacted teeth than bimaxillary protrusion. In the posterior region (impacted molar teeth), the lateral cross bite, spaced arch, and upper protrusion had impacted molars most frequently, crowding was second and cross bite had the least. 5. In the direction of long axis, the impacted tooth with a horizontal direction was found most frequently (35.2%), followed in the order of frequency by inverse direction (32.7%), labial or mesial tipping (22.0%), lingual or distal tipping (5.7%), and right-angled (4.4%). Moreover, the inverse maxillary central incisor and mesially tipped maxillary canine were found most frequently. The frequency of maxillary central incisors with crooked roots was 64.7%, which was higher than that of maxillary canines (19.0%). 6. Lack of space is the most frequently found cause of impacted teeth, and in the anterior region this was the main cause of canine impacted teeth. Eruption impediment by supernumerary teeth and trauma were found to be characteristic causes of anterior impacted teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Impacted canine teeth.

To correct pathologic conditions and to prevent future problems, all supernumerary, impacted, and malposed teeth should be evaluated with prospects of providing an anatomically acceptable solution. Through logical clinical and radiologic resources, localication of the malpositioned structure is possible. Correction or control of the affected tooth may follow the tenets of deft, delicate, and accurate surgery in consultation with an orthodontist, a cooperative relationship based on mutual respect.

Alveolectomy↗
PubMed2004

Objective assessment of occlusal and coronal characteristics of untreated normals: a measurement study.

To determine whether tooth shape and position are constant within tooth types, dental casts of 68 Indians (age range, 10-32 years; mean, 18.72 years) were analyzed. The casts were selected from a larger sample and met the following criteria: Class I molar and canine relationships; overjet and overbite within normal limits; well-related vertical, transverse, and anteroposterior relationships with pleasing profiles and well-aligned arches; and no supernumerary teeth or large restorations. None of the subjects had received orthodontic treatment, and all were in good health and exhibited normal growth. Crown angulation, inclination, offset of maxillary molar, curve of Spee, crown facial prominence, horizontal crown contour, and vertical crown contour were assessed. Means, standard deviations, and standard errors were calculated. The measurements were compared with Andrews's data on 120 nonorthodontic normal occlusion casts. The Student t test was used to determine the significance of differences between the 2 sets of data. It was found that teeth of the same tooth type have similar values of horizontal and vertical crown contours. Values for inclination, angulation, and relative prominence were also similar. Hence, we concluded that tooth shape and position are constant for each tooth type. The data from this study were comparable with Andrews's findings. However, from this study, it would be safe to presume that all teeth except the maxillary second molars require alterations in the bracket base inclination value, and that the maxillary lateral incisor, canine, second premolar, and second molar, and the mandibular canine, require alterations in angulation values.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Larsen's syndrome with dental anomalies: report of a case.

Dental anomalies and mixed-type hearing loss are extremely rare symptoms of Larsen's syndrome that is characterized by multiple joint dislocation and flat face. A 15-year-old Turkish girl affected with Larsen's syndrome exhibiting many characteristic facial and skeletal features plus hitherto unreported oral and oral-facial anomalies including, maxillary prognathi, malocclusion, supernumerary teeth, macroglossia and microdontia is reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of occlusion, trauma, and dental anomalies in African-American children of metropolitan Headstart programs.

493 African-American children between the ages of three and four years were examined for evaluation of molar occlusion with frequency of anterior and posterior crossbite, fractured and/or darkened teeth from trauma and dental anomalies in the primary dentition. Overall results from both age groups revealed 90% had a mesial step, 8% a flush and 2% a distal step molar occlusion. Crossbite, either anterior or posterior, occurred in 12% of all children examined. Posterior crossbite was seen in 7% and anterior crossbite in 5%. Anterior openbite was seen in 8% of the children. Trauma to the primary dentition occurred in 23% of the children, 16% as fractured and 7% as discolored teeth. The most frequently involved teeth were the maxillary primary central incisors. Fused primary teeth were observed in two children. There were no congenitally missing primary teeth and only one supernumerary maxillary primary lateral incisor was observed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1991

Talon cusp: a review with three cases from native North America.

Supernumerary lingual tubercles ("talon cusps") in three North American Indians are reported. These cusp-like structures typically occur unilaterally on permanent maxillary lateral incisors. We speculate that sporadic occurrences of this type probably are induced by trauma or other localized insults affecting the tooth germ. Multiple occurrences in an individual may have a separate etiology, the most severely affected cases being associated with craniofacial syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histological observations of teeth and peridental tissues in cleidocranial dysplasia imply increased activity of odontogenic epithelium and abnormal bone remodeling.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a heritable generalized bone dysplasia presenting with a variety of dental abnormalities. To delineate morphological features of the dental tissues, we have analyzed histologically the structure of teeth and peridental tissues obtained from four CCD patients. Dentin appeared regular, except when formed in response to caries, physiological attrition or root resorption. Both acellular and cellular cementum were present in deciduous teeth, whereas in permanent teeth, cellular cementum was virtually lacking and acellular cementum was partially hyperplastic. Enamel pearls were seen in the furcations of one deciduous and one permanent molar. The roots of most deciduous teeth were resorbed only to a slight extent. Morphologically, supernumerary teeth resembled their normal counterparts. Denticles as well as epithelial cell clusters were occasionally present in the root pulps of deciduous teeth. In the peridental tissues, epithelium was locally abundant, and the cytokeratin profile confirmed its odontogenic origin. While the organization pattern of the alveolar bone matrix related to unshed deciduous teeth and unerupted permanent teeth varied, woven bone was abundant. Both formative and resorption surfaces were seen. Also, reversal lines were prominent, suggesting that the bone had, in fact, undergone remodeling. While no direct association between the aberrant bone morphology and the multifarious histological abnormalities of dental tissues can be established, the local abundance of odontogenic epithelium in peridental tissues of developing/unerupted as well as fully developed teeth may be causally related to the formation of excess acellular cementum, enamel pearls and supernumerary teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Study of Pax6 mutant rat revealed the association between upper incisor formation and midface formation.

In this study, we investigated the process of supernumerary upper incisor formation in the Pax6 mutant rat, rSey(2)/rSey(2), which exhibits a facial cleft between the medial nasal and maxillary processes. Histological investigation and epithelial labeling studies of wild type rat embryos indicated that the upper incisor develops by fusion of two primary dental placodes (PDPs) in the medial nasal process with a contribution from the epithelium of the maxillary process. In the rSey(2)/rSey(2) embryo, both PDPs are formed but they stay apart, then subsequently these PDPs independently develop into upper incisor tooth buds. In order to examine if the failure of the two placodes to fuse is due to the cleft between the maxillary and medial nasal processes, maxillary and medial nasal process fusion was inhibited with a barrier in wild type embryos. This resulted in the maintenance of the two distinct PDPs. These results demonstrate that fusion of the facial processes reduces the number of odontogenic placodes and is required to assemble all components at one site for rat upper incisor formation. The results also provide further insight into the mechanism of supernumerary incisor formation in human cleft lip conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The craniofacial complex in 47,XYY males.

Eight adult, Finnish 47,XYY males were compared with population male and female controls and, in addition, three of them were compared with first-degree male relatives. Linear and angular measurements were made from standardized lateral cephalograms of patients and normal population controls from the "Kvantti" study series. In both comparisons the craniofacial dimensions in 47,XYY males were larger than those in population male and female controls. Their craniofacial proportions and plane angles were similar to those of normal men except for a larger lower facial height with posterior rotation of the mandible and a tendency to bimaxillary protrusion, a longer cranial base and a lesser cranial-base angle. Thus the supernumerary Y chromosomal gene(s) in 47,XYY males may result in larger craniofacial dimensions than in normal males, without substantial effects on dimensional ratios and plane angles. This general metric pattern is similar to that observed in relation to many adult body and head dimensions, and the dental arches and tooth crowns, of 47,XYY males. The foramen magnum in 47,XYY males was smaller in the sagittal plane than that of normal males and females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Origin of the deciduous upper lateral incisor and its clinical aspects.

The upper lateral incisor in humans is often affected by dental anomalies that might be explained developmentally. To address this question, we investigated the origin of the deciduous upper lateral incisor (i2) in normal human embryos at prenatal weeks 6-8. We used serial frontal histological sections and computer-aided 3D reconstructions. At embryonic days 40-42, two thickenings of the dental epithelia in an "end-to-end" orientation were separated by a groove at the former fusion site of the medial nasal and maxillary processes. Later, these dental epithelia fused, forming a continuous dental lamina. At the fusion site, i2 started to develop. The fusion line was detectable on the i2 germ until the 8th prenatal week. The composite origin of the i2 may be associated with its developmental vulnerability. From a clinical aspect, a supernumerary i2 might be a form of cleft caused by a non-fusion of the dental epithelia.

Cleft Palate↗