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Results for “Compulsive Personality Disorder”

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PubMed1980

The facade compulsive: a type of latent schizophrenia.

A specific type of latent schizophrenic, the facade compulsive person, was described and illustrated. The importance of isolating this "type" in prescribing treatment procedures was noted. The usefulness of test configurations for sharpening and reformulating psychiatric nosologies was acknowledged.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A pilot study of computer-aided vicarious exposure for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the use of an interactive computer program to instruct vicarious exposure and ritual prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: Thirteen OCD volunteers and 10 non-OCD volunteers completed three 45-minute sessions at weekly intervals. Subjects with OCD completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Padua Inventory (PI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 1 week prior to and 1 week after the three computer treatment sessions. Non-OCD subjects only completed these measures at baseline, allowing confirmation that they had no significant level of OCD symptomatology. RESULTS: In the OCD subjects, scores fell significantly on the PI and BDI, and Y-BOCS scores fell non-significantly. Engagement in vicarious exposure with ritual prevention improved from sessions 1-3. Compared to the non-OCD participants, OCD subjects did less vicarious exposure in session 1 but not sessions 2 and 3. Performance of vicarious exposure by OCD subjects in session 1 correlated with pre-post improvement in PI and BDI scores. CONCLUSIONS: The vicarious exposure program may have a role to play as an adjunct in behaviour therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[German version of the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Scales: description and use in two brief psychotherapies].

The Vanderbilt-Psychotherapy-Scales appeared to be useful instruments for the identification of process characteristics determining the outcome of brief dynamic psychotherapies. The German versions of the two scales measuring important components of the psychotherapeutic process and of negative indicators are described in this article. It could be shown that--similar to the original versions--both scales can be used economically and that rater agreement soon reaches satisfactory levels. To demonstrate the potential use of the scales, their application in two different short term treatments are described which are presently analysed in a multi-center study of "single case oriented process research" using a variety of different methods. The example demonstrates that both scales are useful to discriminate both different theoretical foundations of the treatments as well as specific features of the patients and their therapists. The usefulness of the scales in a broader context is mainly based upon the experience that they reveal a lot of important informations about the psychotherapeutic process with a minimum of expense.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1970

Risk-taking.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1987

Schizophrenia: lifetime co-morbidity in a community sample.

Twenty persons with schizophrenia were identified in a community sample of 2144 adult household residents interviewed by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The hierarchy-free lifetime prevalence for a variety of psychiatric disorders is compared in those with and without schizophrenia. Those with schizophrenia were found to have increased chances of having other disorders, all except one having had at least one other disorder. Major depressive episodes, obsessive compulsive disorder, phobia, alcohol abuse/dependence and drug abuse/dependence, each occurred in over half of the schizophrenics, and panic disorder, antisocial personality, and mania were each found in one sixth to one quarter of the schizophrenics. Although current diagnostic systems generally lack an empirical basis for hierarchies, the practical significance of co-morbidity must be determined from outcome studies, familial morbid risk data and possible differential effects of treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The paraphilias, obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder, and the treatment of sexually deviant behaviour.

The paraphilias have been mostly ignored by psychiatry, even though psychiatrists are ideally suited to treat and diagnose these disorders by virtue of their medical and psychological training. The sexual deviations require an understanding of both biological and psychological causation and skills in psychological and pharmacological treatments. More recently the Supreme Court of the United States in Kansas v Hendricks (1997) upheld the constitutionality of the civil commitment of sexually deviant individuals for psychiatric treatment. As the various states adopt statutes based on Hendricks, psychiatry will be forced to take an active interest in the diagnosis and the management of the paraphilias. This paper outlines briefly where the field is in the understanding of the natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of the paraphilias.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comorbidity of bulimia nervosa and personality disorder.

Thirty patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa with at least three bingeing episodes a week were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched controls on DSM-III personality measures. The bulimic patients were more likely to display cluster B (histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline) personality abnormalities (odds ratio 15.0) and cluster C (avoidant, dependent, compulsive, and passive-aggressive) personality abnormalities (odds ratio 4.3) than were the community controls. This study supports the finding that personality disorder is a possible risk factor for bulimia.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1984

The assessment of bulimic symptoms and personality correlates in female college students.

A screening questionnaire for bulimic symptoms was completed by 244 college women. Approximately 79% reported binge eating (uncontrolled, excessive eating) occurrences. Twenty women (8.2% of the sample) reported self-induced vomiting after binge eating or "normal" meals. A subsample of 31 students were interviewed and administered the Restraint Scale, Compulsive Eating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, and The Tennessee Self Concept Scale. Results showed a number of significant differences among students who binged only (" bingers "), self-induced vomiting (" purgers "), or did not binge or purge ("controls"). Bingers and purgers showed greater restrained eating tendencies and compulsive eating behaviors. On the 16PF, purgers scored lower on Factor Q3, which suggests lowered will control and less regard for social demands. Purgers also showed lower self-esteem, particularly in the areas of identity and family self-concept.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of the syndrome of apotemnophilia and course of a cognitive-behavioural therapy.

BACKGROUND: The syndrome of apotemnophilia, body integrity or amputee identity disorder, is defined as the desire for amputation of a healthy limb, and may be accompanied by behaviour of pretending to be an amputee and sometimes, but not necessarily, by sexual arousal. SAMPLING AND METHODS: A case history is presented of a 35-year-old man who was referred because of his desire for amputation of his left leg, without sexual connotations. The course of a combined cognitive behavioural psychotherapy with SSRI treatment is described. RESULTS: Symptoms showed considerable similarity with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and some similarity with body dysmorphic disorder according to DSM-IV, but the core symptom seemed to be strongly connected with a sense of identity. Treatment with a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor decreased levels of distress only. The effects of cognitive restructuring of the psychotherapy were limited, whereas the behavioural elements substantially reduced the behaviour of pretending to be an amputee. CONCLUSIONS: The rare syndrome of apotemnophilia raises unresolved questions of classification. Psychotic disorders should be ruled out carefully. The model designed in the current cognitive behavioural approach may serve as a starting point for further development of intervention protocols for this rare disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Differential diagnosis and therapeutic problems in tics and obsessive-compulsive disorders during the developmental age].

In order to point to the differential-diagnostic issue of tics and obsessive-compulsive disorders because of similar clinical manifestations of some forms of tics with compulsive behavior, and ebcause of frequent obsessive features found in children with tics, we have examined 121 patients with tic and 9 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the tic group we found a significant occurrence of differently manifested obsessive line, while in the compulsive disorders group we found a great percentage of tics. Attempts made in order to differentiate these two clinical pictures in practice were based on the recognition that in both cases we deal with a unique etiopathogenetic factor in the form of frustration which in some children cause a feeling of tension which in some cases further manifests itself in the deterioration of voluntary movements initiating tics, sometimes provoke defensive mechanisms leading to the obsessive-compulsive syndrome and sometimes both issues are present. Such recognition implicates a more complex approach to the child's personality by neglecting the differences between the two disorders and includes a therapeutic program consisting of psychomotor reduction and relaxation, medication, parent assistance and school cooperation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Personality subtyping and bulimia nervosa: psychopathological and genetic correlates.

BACKGROUND: There is empirical evidence suggesting that individuals with bulimia nervosa vary considerably in terms of psychiatric co-morbidity and personality functioning. In this study, latent profile analysis was used to attempt to identify clusters of bulimic subjects based on psychiatric co-morbidity and personality. METHOD: A total of 178 women with bulimia nervosa or a subclinical variant of bulimia nervosa completed a series of self-report inventories of co-morbid psychopathology and personality, and also provided a buccal smear sample for genetic analyses. RESULTS: Three clusters of bulimic women were identified: an affective-perfectionistic cluster, an impulsive cluster, and a low co-morbid psychopathology cluster. The clusters showed expected differences on external validation tests with both personality and eating-disorder measures. The impulsive cluster showed the highest elevations on dissocial behavior and the lowest scores on compulsivity, while the affective-perfectionistic cluster showed the highest levels of eating-disorder symptoms. The clusters did not differ on genetic variations of the serotonin transporter gene. CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborates previous findings suggesting that the bulimia nervosa diagnostic category is comprised of three classes of individuals based on co-morbid psychopathology and personality. These differences may have significant etiological and treatment implications.

Adolescent↗