PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Multiple System Atrophy”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Radiological Diagnosis of Periventricular and Subcortical Leukomalacia.

Nine newborn infants with histories of perinatal asphyxia are presented. The pneumoencephalographic findings which led to the diagnosis are typical and constant. They include marked subcortical atrophy with rounded, dilated, and undisplaced lateral ventricles. Cystography with 3 cc of air demonstrated multiple subcortical and pareventricular cavities, without communication with the ventricular system, but with the typical honeycomb appearance of paraventricular and subcortical leukomalacia described in postmortem findings. The CT findings are typical, and provide the location of the cavities as well as their density.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Ulerythema ophryogenes with multiple congenital anomalies.

Ulerythema ophryogenes, a rare dermatologic disorder characterized by inflammatory keratotic facial papules that may result in scars, atrophy, and alopecia, can occur in association with other congenital anomalies. A case reported here was accompanied by an unusual facies, developmental delay, central nervous system abnormalities, dental anomalies, and undescended testes. There was no response of the cutaneous lesions to topical keratolytics, topical tretinoin, or a short course of oral isotretinoin.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2000

Distribution of atrophy in Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects taking proton pump inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Gastric atrophy is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Conflicting results have been obtained as to whether acid suppressant therapy hastens the development or changes the distribution of atrophy in the stomach. The aim of this study was to investigate whether concomitant proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in H. pylori-infected individuals resulted in an increase or an alteration in atrophy distribution and whether this was reflected by the plasma gastrin. METHODS: Multiple gastric biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum and corpus from 46 H. pylori-infected subjects, 18 of whom were taking PPIs, and assessed histologically by the updated Sydney System. The control group was age- and sex-matched to the index group. Fasting gastrin levels were measured. RESULTS: In the control group there was no significant tendency for either antral or corpus atrophy to predominate (P = 0.44). In the treatment group there was a significant tendency for corpus as opposed to antral atrophy to develop (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the overall atrophy score between the treated and untreated groups (P = 0.76). Fasting gastrin levels were significantly higher in the treated group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with PPIs in H. pylori-infected subjects does not lead to an overall increase in gastric atrophy. It does, however, result in an increased prevalence of corpus as opposed to antral atrophy. This is associated with a significantly higher gastrin level.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Magnetic resonance imaging monitoring of multiple sclerosis lesion evolution.

The characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology is the demyelinated plaque distributed throughout the central nervous system. Although MS is a primary demyelinating disease, acute axonal injury is common in actively demyelinating MS lesions and it is considered one of the major determinants of neurological deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has had a dramatic impact on MS in both the clinical practice and basic science settings. Techniques such as T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI are very sensitive in detecting lesions and, thus, increase the level of certainty of MS diagnosis. Conventional MRI has also improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and has provided objective and reliable measures to monitor the effect of experimental treatments in clinical trials. However, conventional MRI does not provide specific information on the heterogeneous pathologic substrate of MS lesions. Advanced MRI techniques, such as magnetization transfer imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and proton MR spectroscopy, offer the unprecedented ability to observe and quantify pathological changes in lesions and normal-appearing brain tissue over time. The present review will discuss the major contributions of conventional MRI and quantitative MRI techniques to understand how individual MS lesions evolve.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1999

Treatment of atopic dermatitis: role of tacrolimus ointment as a topical noncorticosteroidal therapy.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing form of eczema characterized by scaling, itchy, inflamed skin that can be triggered by an interplay of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors. Immune dysregulation appears to play an important role in the cause of atopic dermatitis. Topical corticosteroid agents have been the mainstay of therapy for atopic dermatitis because of their broad immunomodulatory effects. However, topical corticosteroid agents are not ideal agents because when used over the long term, they may cause cutaneous atrophy and immunosuppression. Systemic corticosteroidal agents, certain antihistiminic agents, systemic cyclosporin, and phototherapy have proven value in treating patients with atopic dermatitis. In the search for a noncorticosteroidal topical agent, tacrolimus stands out as being uniquely suited for this condition. Tacrolimus affects a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators and processes known to be relevant to atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. Tacrolimus demonstrates good percutaneous penetration and appears to have no potential to cause cutaneous atrophy. There are multiple double-blind, controlled studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of this agent in treating atopic dermatitis. The agent may be of particular benefit in children, among whom an alternative to the chronic use of corticosteroid agents, either topically or systemically, is highly desirable.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Memory and executive function in aging and AD: multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate.

Memory decline in aging results from multiple factors that influence both executive function and the medial temporal lobe memory system. In advanced aging, frontal-striatal systems are preferentially vulnerable to white matter change, atrophy, and certain forms of neurotransmitter depletion. Frontal-striatal change may underlie mild memory difficulties in aging that are most apparent on tasks demanding high levels of attention and controlled processing. Through separate mechanisms, Alzheimer's disease preferentially affects the medial temporal lobe and cortical networks, including posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex early in its progression, often before clinical symptoms are recognized. Disruption of the medial temporal lobe memory system leads directly to memory impairment. Recent findings further suggest that age-associated change is not received passively. Reliance on reserve is emerging as an important factor that determines who ages gracefully and who declines rapidly. Functional imaging studies, in particular, suggest increased recruitment of brain areas in older adults that may reflect a form of compensation.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

The use of different implant modalities in the atrophied ridge.

Many implant practitioners have been taught to use one implant system by a specific manufacturer. However, to successfully treat a patient, implant clinicians must learn to utilize the strengths of various systems when the patient's condition warrants it. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how an edentulous patient with atrophied bone was treated with multiple-model implant procedures. Her treatment included different root form implants, bone spreading augmentations, endosseous submerged blades, tricortical support Diskimplants, and a custom-made ramus blade implant.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1994

Retinal pathologic changes in multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE: To describe the ocular pathologic changes in multiple sclerosis (MS), with attention to its effects on the uveal tract and retinal veins. METHODS: Cases of 26 patients with MS and 3 patients with neuromyelitis optica were reviewed; retinal trypsin digestion was performed on remaining wet tissue for 20 of these patients. Eyes were specifically examined for inflammation of the retinal vessels, uveal tract, retina, optic nerve, and pars plana. Specimens were also examined for atrophy of the optic nerve, ganglion cell, and nerve fiber layers. RESULTS: Atrophy of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers was present in 73% of the cases with MS and correlated with optic nerve atrophy; choroiditis was present in 11.5%; bilateral cyclitis without other foci of inflammation was present in 1 case; and retinal phlebitis was present in 20% (most of which were only identified after trypsin digestion). Optic nerve inflammation was present in two of the patients with neuromyelitis optica. CONCLUSION: Uveitis and retinal phlebitis are manifestations of MS. Trypsin digestion with microscopic examination is a sensitive method of testing for phlebitis, which may explain why the frequency found in this series is higher than in others. These lesions are similar to the perivenular cuffing that occurs in the central nervous system in MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Masked assessment of MRI findings: is it possible to differentiate neuro-Behçet's disease from other central nervous system diseases? [corrected].

Two neuroradiologists reviewed MRI studies of 34 patients with neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD), 22 with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 7 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with central nervous system involvement, masked to the clinical diagnosis, age and sex of the patients. Of the patients with NBD 12 were in an acute attack; the others had chronic disease. MRI was assessed using a set of criteria, looking at atrophy, the site of discrete parenchymal lesions, regions of predominant involvement and the extent of the lesion(s). The observers also made a guess at the clinical diagnosis. The brain stem and/or basal ganglia were the most predominantly involved sites in all patients with acute NBD; 75% of these lesions were large and confluent, mainly extending from the brain stem to the diencephalon and basal ganglia. However, in chronic cases, the predominant involvement was in the brain stem and/or basal ganglia in only 36%, and in cerebral hemisphere white matter in another 36%; 27% of these patients showed no parenchymal lesion. Hemisphere white-matter lesions were equally distributed between periventricular and other areas in NBD, while in MS more were periventricular, and in SLE more were nonperiventricular. Brain-stem atrophy was seen in 21% of patients with NBD, with a specificity of 96.5%. In the absence of cortical atrophy, its specificity was 100%. The attempt at making a radiological diagnosis was successful in all cases of acute NBD and 95.5% of patients with MS, but in only 40% of patients with chronic NBD. Most of this latter groups MRI studies were interpreted as MS. An extensive lesion involving the brain stem and basal ganglia seemed to be diagnostic of acute NBD. However, hemisphere white-matter lesions could not be differentiated from those in MS.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Cerebral refractory period of the somatosensory system in diseases of the central nervous system (author's transl)].

The duration of the refractory period of the somatosensory system was determined through the lengthening of latency respectively through the loss of Minimum 1 and Maximum 1; the median nerve was stimulated by single and double stimuli of variable interval, the somatosensory evoked potentials (SRAP) were averaged contralateral. The relative refractory time is independent of age, the absolute refractory time increased with advanced age. In genuine epilepsy with 3/s spike-waves the relative refractory period is shortened compared with the reference group of normal subjects. In multiple sclerosis the relative refractory time is distinctly increases in sign of demyelination on conduction in the central nervous system. The most distinct delays of refractory period are in cases with cerebrovascular disease and brain atrophy. The correlation between the clinical and neurophysiological results shows, that the single and double stimulation of the median nerve, combined with the analysis of the evoked potentials and the cerebral refractory period, is a good neurophysiologic cerebral function-test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Impact of disease-modifying therapies on brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Brain and spinal cord atrophy occur early in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and continue throughout this lifelong illness, resulting in substantial parenchymal tissue loss at later disease stages. Treatments that slow or prevent atrophy may reduce disability progression in the long term. Disease-modifying agents (DMAs) such as interferon beta-1b (IFNbeta-1b), IFNbeta-1a, and glatiramer acetate inhibit inflammatory events believed to initiate and perpetuate the disease process. DMAs have been shown to inhibit aspects of MS related to brain inflammation such as relapses and gadolinium-enhanced lesions. Because brain inflammation has been linked to irreversible brain tissue injury, DMAs should be effective in reducing the rate of brain atrophy progression. Weekly IFNbeta-1a (Avonex or Rebif) has been shown to slow the rate of brain atrophy; a large study of a frequent injection regimen with IFNbeta-1a (Rebif) showed continued atrophy progression despite IFNbeta-1a at a rate similar to placebo-treated patients. It is not clear why weekly treatment regimens with lower total doses of IFNbeta-1a would show beneficial effects on brain atrophy compared with frequent injections with larger weekly doses. This article reviews results of clinical trials that have examined the effects of DMAs on brain and spinal cord atrophy in patients with MS. Some of these agents have demonstrated positive effects in well-controlled studies, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapy can delay or prevent the emergence of irreversible central nervous system pathology.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

Neurological diseases and accidental falls of the aged.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of central and peripheral neurological diseases on the incidence of accidental falls of the aged. DESIGN: 1. Case-control study with cross-section at two years and 2. prospective study in a follow-up up to seven years thereafter. SETTING: Sample of a population study including all 589 inhabitants older than 70 years in three rural communities. PARTICIPANTS: 44 subjects with recurrent falls during two years' follow-up and 41 age and sex matched controls. MEASURES: Neurological diseases and evaluation, other diseases, and incidence of falls during the seven years' follow-up after the cross-section. RESULTS: Compared with the controls the fallers had more often multiple vascular lesions of the brain, extrapyramidal symptoms and signs as well as lumbar nerve root lesions. In the follow-up, cerebrovascular disease, especially with multiple lesions and residual signs of pyramidal tract lesion, Parkinson's disease, rigidity and hypokinesia were associated with increases risk of falling. In multivariate analysis signs of pyramidal tract lesion, rigidity and prior falls were predictors of falls. An increase in the incidence of falls was also associated with vascular lesion of the cerebellum, cerebral white matter hypodensity and cortical atrophy visible on CT. CONCLUSIONS: High incidence of falls was associated with chronic central nervous system diseases. Lumbar root lesions were more common among the fallers but did not increase the incidence of falls in the follow-up. Neurological diseases and evaluation, other diseases, and incidence of falls during the seven years' follow-up after the cross-section. Compared with the controls the fallers had more often multiple vascular lesions of the brain, extrapyramidal symptoms and signs as well as lumbar nerve root lesions. In the follow-up, cerebrovascular disease, especially with multiple lesions and residual signs of pyramidal tract lesion, Parkinson's disease, rigidity and hypokinesia were associated with increased risk of falling. In multivariate analysis signs of pyramidal tract lesion, rigidity, and prior falls were predictors of falls. An increase in the incidence of falls was also associated with vascular lesion of the cerebellum, cerebral white matter hypodensity and cortical atrophy visible on CT.

Accidental Falls↗