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PubMed2006

The 2005 C.T. Rowland Award orthodontic case report.

The C.T. Rowland award is presented annually by the Texas Orthodontic Study Club (formerly "Texas Tweed"). The award was first presented in 1954 in recognition of the group's president, C. T. Rowland. Applicants to the study club, which numbers almost 200 orthodontists from Texas and surrounding states, are required to present five cases for membership. These cases, with before and after records, represent a variety of malocclusions demonstrating the applicants' knowledge and expertise in diagnosing, treating, and finishing cases with quality results. The qualifying committee reviews each applicant's cases and, based on the difficulty of the original malocclusions and the degree of excellence of the finished result, chooses one person to receive their award. The 2005 winner of the C. T. Rowland award is Dr. Kyle Shannon. He is in the exclusive practice of orthodontics in Tulsa, OK.

Awards and Prizes↗

PubMed1991

[Lingual orthodontics: why is it progressing?].

At the early stages of the 80's, most of the practitioners and the patients have been seduced by lingual orthodontic. But the difficulties of the technic have rapidly given a disappointment. Today ten years later the authors present the progress which have been realized: the evolution of the brackets, the accuracy of their placement in the lab procedure with the new targ, the making of the wire, the patient's comfort increase. The placement brackets are customized by making an anatomical resin pad. Placement of the brackets have evoluted from a quantized system in two dimensions (Targ 1) to a no quantized system in three dimensions (Class System) and finally to a real quantized system in three dimensions (Targ 2 with a compass of thickness with measures the first order band). Data System DALI (Drawing Arch Lingual Ideal) allows to draw the exact design of the wire. A video tape shows the different laboratory and clinical phases. By using light cured periodontal protection like Barricaid from Caulk: the patients have a greater adaptation with their appliance. All this progress give to lingual orthodontic credibility. Lingual is a reality to day and it's the first concept with customized brackets extremely accuracy, full quantized in the three orders, using the computer progress.

Dental Bonding↗

PubMed1977

[Functional analysis in orthodontics].

After completed orthodontic treatment, clinical functional analysis and instrumental occlusal analysis were carried out in 60 patients, with the Stuart pantograph and the Stuart articulator. The results of the functional analysis were put into relation with orthodontic qualification and the technique used.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Orthodontic repositioning technic of impacted lower 2nd molars].

Author explains an orthodontic appliance which permits uprighting of horizontal impacted mandibular second molar teeth, associating a mandibular anchorage and an uprighting auxiliary spring. The anchorage consist in a Mollin lower lingual arch. The auxiliary spring will upright the tooth in two steps. First one, it will induce a distal movement of the second molar. Second one it will induce the crown tipping. The significant benefit of this appliance is to permit an only orthodontic approach, without necessity of any surgical assistance.

Child↗

PubMed1995

[The use of permanent magnets in the orthodontic clinic].

The author reviews published literature on the use of permanent magnets as an alternative to traditional methods of instrumental treatment in orthodontics. Use of magnetic technology in orthodontics should be further researched and improved.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Early orthodontic treatment.

Early orthodontic treatment will not resolve all potential orthodontic problems or totally inhibit adverse skeletal growth patterns. However, by identifying problems at an early age it is possible to redirect skeletal growth; improve the occlusal relationship; enhance the patient's esthetics and self-image and, perhaps of even greater importance, achieve results that are unattainable later with the eruption of teeth and the cessation of growth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Lingual orthodontics: a review of its history.

When lingual orthodontics was first introduced about twenty years ago some called it the 'ultimate aesthetic appliance'. Patients and practitioners embraced this new treatment alternative with high expectations. Reports of disappointing results and high costs dampened much of the initial excitement and enthusiasm gradually waned. By the late 1980s, the number of practitioners using the technique had fallen sharply, leaving only a handful who still believed in its potential. Relatively little has been written on lingual orthodontics, almost nothing in recent years. This article takes an objective view of its present status.

Esthetics, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Orthodontic management of long face syndrome.

Management of the vertical dimension of occlusion is one of the most difficult aspects of orthodontic therapy. Patients with long face syndrome are prone to develop more severe symptoms during orthodontic treatment. This article describes a cephalometric measurement (the MM angle), which is useful in the diagnosis of long face syndrome. It also gives treatment options designed to minimize the expression of long face syndrome characteristics.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1998

Rationale for retention following orthodontic treatment.

UNLABELLED: Maintaining the treatment result following orthodontic treatment is one of the most difficult aspects of the entire treatment process. Normal maturational changes, together with post-treatment tooth alterations, conspire against long-term stability. This article discusses the need for retention and provides an overview of retainers which enjoy widespread use. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Permanent retention is increasingly being recommended as the only way to ensure long-term stability of an orthodontic treatment result. Dental practitioners should be familiar with the rationale for retention and the design of the appliances worn by the their patients.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

The effects of retraction forces applied to the anterior segment of orthodontic arch wires: differences in wire deflection with wire size.

Orthodontic arch wire deflection was studied in relationship to retraction forces applied to arch wires during anterior retraction with sliding mechanics. Two different sizes of orthodontic stainless steel arch wires (SS wires) .016" x .022" and .019" x .025", were examined. Retraction forces were generated using an elastic polymer material to measure arch wire deflection and applied to the arch wires by a commonly-used anterior retraction device with power chains hooked from the first molar areas to the pre-welded posts at distal site of the lateral incisors. The force application caused both the .016" x .022" and the .019" x .025" arch wires to deflect. The amount of deflection increased almost in proportion to the retraction force applied. With the same retraction force applied, the amount of deflection of the .019" x .025" wire was approximately 47.1% of that of the .016" x .022" wire.

Dental Arch↗

PubMed1979

Response of periodontal ligament cells to orthodontic force: ultrastructural identification of proliferating fibroblasts.

The morphologic response of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in an area of tension created by orthodontic force has been assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Young adult male rats were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours following orthodontic stimulation. The earliest detectable response was the appearance of increased numbers of mitotic cells in the PDL at 24 hours post-stimulation. The most significant ultrastructural feature of these cells was the presence of intracellular vesicles containing collagen microfibrils. These vesicles were identical to profiles present in interphase PDL fibroblasts involved in collagen phagocytosis associated with turnover of the ligament. Between 48 and 120 hours the alveolar bone surface in the region examined was characterized by the presence of newly generated osteoblasts and active bone formation. Intracellular collagen was never observed in osteoblasts. These observations suggest that at least a portio- of the population of PDL cells which proliferate in response to orthodontic force represent functional ligament fibroblasts.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed2006

Multivariate analysis of surface physico-chemical properties controlling biofilm formation on orthodontic adhesives prior to and after fluoride and chlorhexidine treatment.

Biofilm formation on orthodontic adhesives is a serious clinical problem, as it leads to enamel demineralization around fixed orthodontic appliances, often leaving white spot lesions after their removal. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of surface physico-chemical properties of four commonly used orthodontic adhesives (Concise, Fuji ORTHO LC, Ketac Cem mu, and Transbond XT) on early bacterial biofilm formation. In addition, effects of two commercially available mouthrinses (0.05% sodium fluoride and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate) on these properties and biofilm formation were determined. Water contact angles on the adhesives decreased after fluoride and chlorhexidine treatment, concurrent with an increase in carbon and a decrease in oxygen surface concentrations, except for Transbond, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. No fluorine was detected on any of the adhesive surfaces after fluoride treatment, while all surfaces showed chlorine after chlorhexidine treatment. Surface roughness of the adhesives measured using three-dimensional optical profilometry was around 4 microm and found not to be a factor governing early biofilm formation. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that early biofilm formation by Streptococcus sanguis could be explained in a model comprising hydrophobicity and the prevalence of oxygen- and nitrogen-rich components on the adhesive surfaces.

Bacterial Adhesion↗

PubMed1991

Hereditary orthodontic anomalies and idiopathic scoliosis.

Our study of 202 patients aged from 7 to 17 years treated for idiopathic scoliosis, and with a Cobb angle from 20 degrees to 50 degrees, showed a higher frequency of hereditary orthodontic anomalies than those in the control group. There was unmistakable evidence that acquired orthodontic anomalies occurred in both groups at the same rate of frequency. Our study demonstrated unequivocally that the detection of hereditary orthodontic anomalies in young children allows the identification of a group of children who have a high risk of developing scoliosis in later years.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Vertical changes in the lateral teleroentgenographic image after functional orthodontic therapy].

We looked for vertical changes in lateral cephalometric X-rays of patients who had been treated with Andresen and Häupl appliances to correct distal occlusion. Thus, a therapy using functional appliances for orthodontic correction has the following effects on the vertical proportions of the visceral cranium. 1. The alveolar processes show additional vertical growth in the area of the incisors of the upper jaw and the molars of the lower jaw. 2. In conjunction with 1, increased vertical growth of the anterior facial heights compared to the posterior facial height causes an opening of the bite which, however, is not significant in terms of the Jarabak ratio. 3. Functional therapy has an effect on the spina plane, and, in addition, causes active vertical growth in the area of both upper facial heights, i.e., of the entire nasomaxillary complex. This additional growth is a little bit more pronounced anteriorly than posteriorly. Therefore the effect of functional orthodontic appliances on the nasomaxillary complex seems to be more complex than previously believed. 4. We did not observe any additional growth in the area of the ascending rami and/or condyles of the lower jaw during activator treatment. Our studies showed that the influence of functional orthodontic therapy on the vertical growth of the lower jaw is rather insignificant; the significant vertical changes were seen in the area of the mandibular molars and of the anterior facial heights. 5. Our findings thus support the assumption that the main vertical effect of the activator can be described as a relative inhibition of the development of the nasomaxillary complex with simultaneous normal progression of mandibular growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activator Appliances↗

PubMed2001

Functional improvement of the mandibular neuromuscular guidance by orthodontic-surgical treatment.

The primary aim of the study was to reveal whether adult patients with skeletal mandibular retrognathism combined with a dental Class II relationship without craniomandibular pain show a characteristic pattern of free mandibular movements compared to patients with a Class I skeletal and dental morphology. The secondary aim was to investigate whether these characteristic structures are subject to change following combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. Free mandibular movements were measured with an ultrasound device and analyzed with computer software developed by the authors. In all patients examined, 2 maxillarily and mandibularly fixed axes were found. These axes have no direct relation to the temporomandibular joints, are positioned above and anterior to the joints and maintain a constant distance. This gear system is referred to as a neuromuscularly determined dimeric link chain. The position of the mandible is defined by the rotational angle mu and the inclination angle alpha around the axes of the dimeric link chain. This dimeric link chain of free movements of patients with Class I skeletal and dental relationship functions according to the principle of least action: The angular velocities around the 2 axes show a constant ratio within the different segments of motion, and in the mu-alpha diagrams the segments of mandibular movements are represented by straight lines, the shortest paths between 2 positions. Individual cases and statistical data show that the structure of mandibular movements of patients with skeletal mandibular retrognathism combines with a dental Class II relationship without craniomadibular pain differs significantly from that of patients with Class I alignment. Mandibular retrognathism and a Class II relationship are accompanied by marked coordination disturbances in the rotary movements around the maxillary and mandibular neuromuscular axes. Following orthodontic-surgical treatment to restore ideal alignment of the occlusal, articular, and skeletal structures, the patients showed a similar pattern in the structure of mandibular movements to that of patients with Class I sketal and dental relationships. Thus, combined orthodontic-surgical treatment leads to measurable functional hamonization not only of the skeletal and dental structures but also of the neuromuscular guidance system.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Combined orthodontic-surgical management of residual palato-alveolar cleft defects.

These cases are presented in detail from a series of fifteen cases treated in the described manner, with follow-up orthodontic documentation 2 to 5 years after PMCB grafts. The long-term results in all of the cases were excellent. Late or secondary bony reconstruction of the osseous alveolar and anterior palatal clefts may be accomplished with either an essentially nonviable autogenous graft or an autogenous particulate marrow and cancellous bone graft. The differences essentially are as follows: 1. In the nonviable graft, orthodontic movement of teeth adjacent to the cleft is undertaken at some time prior to the grafting procedure. This is opposed to the use of the autogenous PMCB graft in which active orthodontic treatment may be undertaken within 2 months after the osseous grafting procedure. 2. In the use of nonviable autogenous bone, presurgical orthopedic treatment to expand the arch is usually essential since extensive arch expansion is not usually possible after grafting. With PMCB grafts , postsurgical arch expansion may be routinely undertaken. 3. It is thought that the use of rib, solid one-piece grafts from the ilium, and other types of nonviable graft is warrented only after major growth and development of the premaxillary region has occurred. This is due to lack of ability of such a grafted area to keep pace with the growth of adjacent bone segments. This would mean that secondary grafting with such grafts would be restricted to patients over 15 years of age. This is opposed to the PMCB technique, in which the next procedure may be undertaken at any time from the age of mixed dentition to adulthood but preferably earlier than the age of 7, before the lateral incisor has erupted and been lost through exfoliation into the cleft area. Thus with these two techniques, there is a marked difference in the philosophy of grafting and a marked difference in the overall results. There is, in addition, an altered philosophical effect upon the total maxillofacial cleft palate team, with a marked difference in the type of treatment and prognosis which can be offered in terms of social rehabilitation of the patient. While the team approcah to the treatment of the cleft palate patient has done much to advance rehabilitation in terms of social and psychological problem areas, speech correction, and soft-palate and cosmetic lip restoration, much needs to be done to rehabilitate the patient completely from a dental standpoint. We believe that the prognosis of dental rehabilitation without appropraite bone-grafting procedures of the alvolar and prepalatal cleft is unfavorable. The use of the PMCB procedure in conjunction with orthondotic therapy opens new avenues to the total rehabilitation of the patient with an anterior maxillary cleft.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

The effects of maxillary quad-helix appliance expansion on cephalometric measurements in growing orthodontic patients.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of maxillary quad-helix expansion on frontal and lateral cephalometric measurements in growing orthodontic patients. Twenty subjects, nine girls and eleven boys (x age = 10 years 3 months), each exhibiting at least a unilateral posterior lingual cross-bite that had been treated with a maxillary quad-helix appliance, were selected for this study. Posteroanterior and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken at the beginning of treatment (T1), when the appliance was removed (Tprog, x time = 9 months), and at retention (T2) and subsequently traced. The T1 and T2 dental casts were also measured as supplements to the cephalometric measurements. Significant orthodontic changes, as seen on the frontal radiographs from T1 to Tprog, included a mean increase in maxillary intermolar width of 5.88 mm, a mean increase in average frontal molar relation of 2.95 mm., and a mean increase in maxillary intercanine width of 2.74 mm. The orthopedic changes, as evidenced radiographically, included a mean increase in maxillary width of 0.92 mm. and an increase in average maxillomandibular width of 0.89 mm. From the above data, a 6:1 ratio of orthodontic movement to orthopedic movement was determined. No significant change in mandibular intermolar width was observed from the cephalometric data or from the cast measurements. The most stable cases after expansion had normal nasal widths and narrow maxillary widths. No correlation was shown between the age of the patients and the orthopedic expansion recorded or between the amount of orthodontic/orthopedic expansion and facial type. It was concluded that all expansion changes showed little relapse from Tprog to T2 and that moderate orthopedic expansion is possible with the quad-helix, but only slight orthopedic expansion was consistently demonstrated.

Activator Appliances↗

PubMed1982

Long-term assessment of orthodontic relapse.

The long-term stability of orthodontic treatment was evaluated in a group of ninety-six former patients who were treated between 12 and 35 years previously. Dental relationships were recorded on study models taken prior to orthodontic treatment, at the end of active treatment, and at long-term follow-up. A malocclusion score was developed for this study, and the over-all static occlusal relationships were categorized by defining an ideal range for eleven variables. Ninety of the ninety-six cases were within the ideal range at the end of treatment. Most of the cases showed an improvement of their malocclusions in the long-term stage. However, of the ninety-six subjects, sixty-nine (72 percent) had at least one variable outside our ideal range in the long-term follow-up. A moderately increased overjet and overbite was responsible in most instances for the result being outside the ideal range in the long term. The long-term result as compared to the original malocclusion exhibited increased overbite in 16 percent of the cases, increased mandibular anterior crowding in 9 percent of the cases, and increased overjet in 5 percent of the cases. The range of ideal, considering only the variables used in this study, will to some extent vary with the eye of the beholder. Therefore, the results of this study need to be interpreted accordingly. It is suggested that orthodontists be well aware of long-term changes in dental relationships many years after treatment and take this into account when advising patients as to the potential benefits of orthodontic treatment.

Dental Occlusion↗