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PubMedDate not supplied

[The phenomenon of visual parallel detection. Construction and validation of a test and application to a psychosomatic model].

A psychometric test of visual detection, based upon the theory of parallel information processing taking place in the left (analytical) and the right (holistic) hemispheres, is presented. The aim of this test is to study the capacity of visual holistic attention during a simultaneous logical distractive task (point to point closure). We first present the validation study on one hundred and four normal subjects. A second study on 20 psychosomatics is then presented, showing significantly inferior results in all subtests in comparison with paired controls. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive psychology, and in particular the link between holistic processing and the emotion processing function of the right hemisphere. This test therefore constitutes a new model of exploration of the cognitivo-emotional process. It should lead to a better evaluation for the study of interhemispheric dysconnexion in neurology as well as psychopathological states such as psychosomatic diseases, where dysconnexion- like phenomena (alexithymia) are thought to play a part.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary construction and validation of an anxiety scale derived from the French version of the AMDP, the AMDP-AT].

The authors have applied to 493 Belgian and French patients the French version of the AMDP Psychopathology and Somatic scales, made of 140 items from the original German version and of 22 items specific to its French adaptation, among others anxiety items. By applying a principal components factor analysis to this sample, a 17-items. Anxiety Scale was extracted from the 162-items complete scales. This new scale is characterized by a predominence of tension/irritability items over somatic items as compared to the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. On 116 cases, the correlation between both scales is .59 (p less than .0001). A cut-off score for anxiety and an inclusion score for drug trials are suggested on the basis of statistical data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Construction and validation of an index of psychosocial adjustment in intensive care without interviewing the patient. Group of Researchers of the ASCI (social support in intensive care) Project].

BACKGROUND: Psycho-social support factors play an important role in the health status of the community. Their effect on the clinical course of critically ill patients is poorly known. One of the main obstacles for their study is the difficulty of the measurement of psychosocial factors in the critical care environment. The objective of this study is to build-up and validate an instrument to assess the psycho-social adjustment in critical care patients. METHODS: We have studied 214 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a public hospital with 420 beds. None of them was in coma or showed signs of encephalopathy or acute psychosis. Each patient was independently evaluated by two nurses that rated 15 variables related to the patient's psychosocial environment, without direct interview of the patient. The inter-observer concordance was assessed using the weighted kappa index. The internal consistency of the selected items was assessed by the Cronbach's index. RESULTS: The inter-observer concordance in the assessment of the different items was always higher than 0.4. The classical analysis of the internal consistency selected 7 items (environmental confidence, perceived family-support, refusal of the critical situation, irritation, affliction, empathy and liking) which showed an alpha coefficient of 0.77. The psychosocial adjustment scale built upon these 7 items showed a good inter-observer concordance (kappa = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Critical care nurses can reliably assess some psychosocial variables in critical care patients. These assessments allows the building of a scale of psychosocial adjustment in the ICU applicable to a wide variety of critical patients and that does not requires direct interview of the patient.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parental Stressor Scale: neonatal intensive care unit.

This article is a report of the development of the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU), which is designed to measure parental perception of stressors arising from the physical and psychosocial environment of the neonatal intensive care unit. Stress theory, literature reviews, expert consultation, and parent interviews guided instrument development and refinement and established the content validity of the instrument. Construct validity is supported by links with theory, correlation with anxiety measures, and factor analytic results. Alpha coefficients support the tool's internal consistency. Three scales were identified: Parental Role Alterations, Sights and Sounds of the Unit, and Infant Behavior and Appearance. Available metrics allow scoring for stress occurrence levels, overall stress levels, and number of stressors experienced. The PSS:NICU can serve as a research or clinical measure to evaluate stressors experienced by parents with infants in a NICU.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Preliminary testing of the Long-Term Quality of Life (LTQL) instrument for female cancer survivors.

The purpose of this study was to develop a quality of life instrument for long-term female cancer survivors. A factor analysis (n = 188) of 34 items resulted in the Long-Term Quality of Life (LTQL) instrument. Internal consistency was high for the four subscales: somatic concerns (alpha = .86), spiritual/philosophical views of life (alpha = .87) fitness (alpha = .92) and social support (alpha = .88). These four factors are congruent with Ferrell's four theoretical domains of quality of life developed for women with breast cancer. Content validity was supported through interrater agreement of subscale items. Significant correlations between the LTQL and the CaRES, an established measure of quality of life, support the concurrent validity of the LTQL. Construct validity was supported by differential subscale scores according to demographic and health status data. Although the LTQL retained all of Ferrell's four domains of quality of life (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) within one instrument, individual items reconfigured to suggest an overlapping of domains for the long-term female cancer survivor. This research suggests that the LTQL warrants further testing and may be a useful measure of quality of life in long-term female cancer survivors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The Diabetes Health Profile (DHP): a new instrument for assessing the psychosocial profile of insulin requiring patients--development and psychometric evaluation.

The aim of the studies was to evaluate the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Diabetes Health Profile (DHP-1). Content for the DHP-1 was derived following in-depth interviews with 25 insulin dependent and insulin requiring patients, a review of the literature and discussions with health care professionals. Initial analysis of the factor structure of the DHP-1 was carried out on the responses of 239 insulin dependent and insulin requiring patients, with a mean age of 40.85 years (SD = 13.0), resulting in a 43 item three factor solution. The 43 item version of the DHP-1 was completed by 2,239 insulin dependent/requiring patients (mean age = 39.8, SD = 10) years. Fifty-one per cent were men. A forced three factor Principal Factoring Analysis with varimax rotation was carried out. Eleven items were excluded with item factor cross loadings > 0.30 or item factor loadings < 0.30. PAF analysis of the 32 items resulted in a three factor solution accounting for 33% of the total explained variance. The three factors were interpreted as Psychological Distress, Barriers to Activity and Disinhibited Eating. Factor congruence between subsamples were: Psychological distress (0.93), Barriers to Activity (0.93) and Disinhibited Eating (0.99). Coefficients of congruence between men and women were 0.94, 0.92 and 0.99 for Psychological Distress, Barriers to Activity and Disinhibited Eating respectively. Internal consistency of the three factors (Cronbach's alpha) were: Psychological Distress (0.86), Barriers to Activity (0.82), and Disinhibited Eating (0.77). Construct-convergent validity was investigated on a sample of 233 insulin dependent and insulin requiring patients (mean age = 51.46 years). Psychological Distress and Barriers to Activity subscales correlated with the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale = 0.50 to 0.62, p < 0.01) and subscales of the SF-36 (range: r = -0.17 to -0.62, p < 0.01). These findings lend support to the construct validity and reliability of the DHP-1 and that it is suitable for further development.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Questionnaire-based mechanical exposure indices for large population studies--reliability, internal consistency and predictive validity.

OBJECTIVES: This study attempts to construct valid indices for mechanical exposure of the shoulder-neck region with relation to the development of shoulder-neck pain in a 1-year perspective study of a general population. METHODS: A comprehensive questionnaire was presented to 14 556 subjects aged 45 or 65 years and repeated after 12 months. Twenty-four questions concerning positions, movements, and manual materials handling were registered on a 3-point impact scale. Musculoskeletal problems were reported on a slightly modified version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for the Analysis of Musculoskeletal Symptoms. Test-retest stability after 2 weeks was calculated for 232 consecutive participants. Based on mechanistic theories, 4 exposure indices were formed. Another 5 constructs were obtained by factor analysis. RESULTS: All the indices showed good test-retest stability, and 5 of them had very good internal consistency. Due to overlaps between the indices, 2 indices stood out as having unique properties. One of them concerned mainly postures and the other dealt primarily with measured lifting. However, the latter was not related to the shoulder-neck pain outcome when adjusted for the posture index. The posture index showed an exposure-effect relationship with the outcome. The job titles implied a large degree of exposure misclassification. CONCLUSIONS: The posture index is recommended as a mechanical exposure index for analyses of interaction with other possible determinants of shoulder-neck pain (ie, psychosocial factors). The use of such an index instead of job titles in large population studies will reduce the risk of misclassification.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

The use of a self-reported pain measure, a nurse-reported pain measure and the PAINAD in nursing home residents with moderate and severe dementia: a validation study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the construct validity of three measures of pain and to determine a categorical version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. DESIGN: Validation study determining the concurrent validity of a self-reported pain score (SRPS), a nurse-reported pain score (NRPS) and the PAINAD; the divergent validity of the three pain measures with the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). SETTING AND SUBJECTS: eighty-eight nursing home residents with moderate and severe dementia. METHODS: Residents were asked to rate the severity of their pain in the previous week on a verbal descriptor scale (VDS). Nurses rated the resident's pain on a VDS, scored the PAINAD scale and the CSDD scale. Research assistants administered the AMT. RESULTS: The PAINAD correlated with the NRPS (Kendall's tau [tau] = 0.842); both scales correlated poorly with the SRPS (tau = 0.304 for both correlations). The PAINAD was significantly different for each level of the NRPS. On the SRPS, the PAINAD for the group with moderate+ pain was significantly different from the groups with mild pain and no pain. There was a difference between the SRPS and the NRPS when residents were depressed, but no difference when they were not. Our categorical version of the PAINAD showed good agreement with the NRPS. CONCLUSION: The NRPS and the PAINAD measure pain differently from the SRPS, especially in the presence of depression. Our categorical version of the PAINAD shows good agreement with the NRPS.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The family profile: a new self-report instrument for family assessment.

The Family Profile is a new self-report family assessment instrument that is grounded in family theory and designed following a construct validation approach to instrument design that integrated theoretical concepts with test construction and empirical analysis. Development consisted of three component phases: rational theoretical design, empirical structural analysis, and psychometric validation. The first theoretical design phase resulted in a 231-item instrument with 13 construct scales. Structural analysis data were collected from a pilot sample of 160 patients selected from 6 family practice clinics in urban, suburban, and rural locations. After revision based on item and scale analysis, a 129-item instrument was administered to a random sample of 876 patients from family practices throughout Minnesota. Responses were analyzed for item- and scale-distribution characteristics, item-scale and scale-scale correlations, correlation with social desirability, factor analysis to confirm or disconfirm the existence of the theoretical dimensions, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. This analysis reduced the instrument to 90 items from all 13 postulated constructs that cluster into 6 main factors--Family Concordance, Family Discordance, Marital Strength, Active Involvement, Religiosity, and Parental Leadership. The Family Profile is also temporally stable and free from social desirability bias. Validation (construct and criterion) and normative data studies of various populations are in progress.

Family↗
PubMed2006

Construct and concurrent validity of the Korean Career Indecision Inventory.

Construct and concurrent validity of the Korean Career Indecision Inventory were examined. Data were collected from 238 South Korean college students. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original five-factor model. As hypothesized, scores were significantly correlated with various variables such as scores on the Korean versions of the Career Decision Scale (r =.49), the Vocational Identity Scale in My Vocational Situation (r=-.63), the Career Decision-making Self-efficacy Scale (r=-.47), and Negative Affectivity (r=.37). These results support construct validity inventory. Students who indicated they were undecided about their careers had significantly higher scores than those who indicated they had decided on a career, supporting concurrent validity. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: the validity of its Quebec version for a population low socioeconomic status mothers].

This paper investigates the construct validity and reliability of a Quebec version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for a population of low-socioeconomic-status mothers. This scale was constructed for the specific purpose of measuring mothers' symptoms of depression during the postnatal period in an effort to alleviate the validity problems that could arise from depression scales intended for the general population. Two hundred and twenty-four mothers participating in a Quebec prevention program, "Naître égaux, grandir en santé" (Martin & Boyer, 1995) filled out the EPDS between the 22nd and the 35th day postpartum. A confirmatory factor analysis, conducted with LISREL, gives a 2-factor structure for the EPDS, the first representing symptoms of depression and the second symptoms of anxiety. This structure differs from the one presented by Cox, Holden, and Sagovsky (1987), authors of the EPDS. It corresponds, however to the results of other authors who looked at the EPDS with confirmatory factor analysis (Pop, Komproe, & van Son, 1992) and indicates a good construct validity. The reliability of the scale also appears satisfactory, with a Cronbach alpha co-efficient of 0.82.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Validation of the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -- Short Form" (ICIQ-SF) for Portuguese].

OBJECTIVE: To translate into and validate for Portuguese the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -- Short Form" (ICIQ-SF), a condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with urinary incontinence. METHODS: Two Brazilians independently translated the original ICIQ-SF into Portuguese. These two translations were harmonized, and then checked by independent back-translation by two native English speakers. The harmonized translation was pre-tested in a pilot study on 20 patients. The final version of the ICIQ-SF in Portuguese was applied to 123 consecutive patients aged 16 or over (29 males and 94 females) with a complaint of urinary incontinence, who had sought the Department of Urogynecology and Uroneurology of the School of Medical Sciences of Unicamp. The Portuguese version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) was also applied to the same group. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire, such as reliability and construct validity were assessed. RESULTS: The median age was 53 years (range: 16 to 86). The mean retest interval for the ICIQ-SF was 14.37 days (range: 6 to 41). No changes from the original format of the ICIQ-SF were observed at the end of the process of translation and cultural adaptation. The internal consistency was high (0.88), as measured by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The test-retest value was considered moderate to strong, as measured by the weighted Kappa index (range: 0.72 to 0.75) and Pearson correlation coefficient (0.89). The correlation between the ICIQ-SF and KHQ was considered to be moderate to good for most items (range: 0.44 to 0.77). The evaluation of the construct and concurrent validity was also satisfactory and statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire" (ICIQ-SF) was successfully translated into Portuguese and validated for application to Brazilian female and male patients complaining of urinary incontinence, with satisfactory reliability and construct validity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Assessing assertion in the elderly: an application of the behavioral-analytic model of competence.

This study developed a behavioral measure of assertiveness for older adults. The behavioral assessment device was developed by use of procedures outlined by Goldfried and D'Zurilla (1969) and Price and Bouffard (1974). Four assertion-appropriate situations for older adults were developed. The situations were administered to 33 Ss. Their responses were scored two ways, for overall assertion and content assertion. Generalizability of the device was examined. Reliability of judges' ratings (for assertion and content) was high, as was test-retest reliability. Assertion was shown to be situation-specific since estimated individual by situation uninerse variance was relatively hight. The assessment device showed significant concurrent validity, although the evidence for construct validity was minimal. Despite the rigorousness of the methods involved, the behavioral-analytic model of competence (Goldfried & D'Zurilla, 1969) has both theoretical and practical advantages in constructing other assessment devices for the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A validity study of four empathy instruments.

The construct validity of four empathy instruments were evaluated through examining group differences and correlations between tests. Subjects were 18 registered nurses (RNs) and 32 nursing assistants (NAs). Instruments used were the Empathy Test (Layton, 1979), the Carkhuff (1969a, 1969b) Empathic Understanding in Interpersonal Processes Scale, the empathy subtest of the Barrett-Lennard (1962) Relationship Inventory, and LaMonica's (1981) Empathy Construct Rating Scale (ECRS). The first hypothesis, that RNs would score significantly higher than NAs on all empathy measures, was confirmed (p less than .0003 to p less than .027). The second hypothesis, that the various empathy measures would be positively related, was partially confirmed. The Carkhuff scale was significantly correlated with the ECRS (r = .25, p less than .05). The ECRS and the Barrett-Lennard also were correlated (r = .78, p less than .001). Results are interpreted using Barrett-Lennard's (1981) theory of empathy.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2006

Metric attributes of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale 3.0 battery: part II, construct and content validity.

This article is the second of a two-part series concerning the metric properties of the following three Parkinson's disease (PD) scales: modified Hoehn and Yahr staging (H&Y), Schwab and England (S&E), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) 3.0. Part II focuses on construct and content validity. To assess construct validity, a sample of 1,136 PD patients completed the above-mentioned PD scales. Correlation coefficients between measures of disability and dysfunction [S&E, UPDRS Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and UPDRS Motor Examination] were |r| = 0.69-0.77, indicating good convergent validity. Results showed that the S&E (F(5,945) = 193.47; P < 0.0001) and UPDRS subscales discriminated between modified H&Y stages (F(20,2784) = 25.28; P < 0.001). A panel of 12 to 13 international experts rated the relevance of the scales and items. This enabled the scales' content validity index to be calculated, which ranged from 41.7% (UPDRS Mentation) to 83.3% (UPDRS Motor Examination). In conclusion, while the modified H&Y, S&E, and UPDRS displayed satisfactory construct validity, the content validity of all scales except UPDRS Motor Examination failed to attain adequate standards.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Measuring attitudes, self-efficacy, and social and environmental influences on fruit and vegetable consumption of 11- and 12-year-old children: reliability and validity.

This article examines the reliability and construct validity of questions assessing mediating factors of fruit and vegetable consumption among 11- and 12-year-old children (N=207). Internal consistencies were good for most scales, ranging from 0.56 to 0.94. Intraclass correlation coefficients between test and retest were acceptable, ranging from 0.39 to 0.90. Concerning predictive validity, preferences and perceived parental and peer behavior were significantly associated with fruit and vegetable consumption. Self-efficacy in difficult situations and a variety of available fruit were significantly correlated with fruit consumption, while permissive eating practices and obligation rules were significantly correlated with vegetable consumption. General attitudes, outcome expectations, selection efficacy, and encouraging practices were not associated with fruit or vegetable consumption.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1983

The construct and predictive validity of adaptive behavior.

The construct and predictive validity of adaptive behavior of mentally retarded persons was investigated using a multitrait multimethod analysis. The validity issues of concern were (a) how generalizable the adaptive behavior dimension is over a variety of measurement methods, (b) how adaptive behavior relates to mental age (MA), and (c) how well adaptive behavior assessment references placement in programs and situations. Adaptive behavior and MA were assessed by program participation, psychometric ratings, and overall staff ratings. Adaptive behavior had high convergent validity and low discriminant validity and predicted MA program placement better than did MA. We concluded that adaptive behavior scores could replace MA.

Adaptation, Psychological↗