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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical evaluation of the accuracy of the Evident RCM Mark II Apex Locator.

The accuracy of the Evident RCM Mark II in locating the apical foramen was evaluated in 37 human teeth scheduled for extraction. After extraction, the difference between the position of the apical foramen determined electronically and its real anatomical location was measured under a binocular microscope, using a micrometer mobile in x, y, and z coordinates. The results show that in 86% (n = 37) of the cases, an accurate location +/- 0.5 mm of the apical foramen was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Endodontic therapy in a mandibular second bicuspid with four canals.

Success in endodontic therapy often depends on the removal of the critical concentration of pulp tissue or necrotic debris within the root canal system. The best method to ensure this objective is to locate and instrument all of the canals in the root of the tooth. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is essential to reduce the chances of failure. The purpose of this article is to report a case of mandibular second bicuspid with four distinct canals.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

A clinical evaluation of the Endocater--an electronic apex locator.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of an electronic apex locator, the Endocater, in determining the location of the apical constriction or cementodentinal junction (CDJ). Measurements made by the Endocater were also compared with the adjustments recommended by an experienced endodontist. A total of 69 teeth with 99 canals from nine patients were evaluated. The results indicated that the evaluator was 95.8% and the Endocater 67.7% accurate in positioning the probe within +/- 1.000 mm from the CDJ. Thirty-three canals or 34.4% appeared to be clinically acceptable radiographically and no adjustments were deemed necessary by the evaluator. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.003) between the evaluator's ability to adjust the electronically generated file length radiograph to acceptable clinical standards and the Endocater's ability to determine the location of the CDJ. A total of 59 canals (59.6%) of the electronically determined working lengths were beyond the CDJ (n = 99). In 27 canals, the tip of the probe was greater than 1 mm beyond the constriction. Without radiographs to confirm working lengths, many canals in this study would have been overinstrumented. Future research with electronic apex locators is needed before accepting the technique as a substitution for radiographic working length determination.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1991

Maxillary first molar with three palatal canals.

A case report is presented involving the endodontic treatment of a maxillary first molar with an unusual morphological variation of the palatal root. The palatal root canal system was characterized by a single canal orifice, a trifurcation on the apical one third of the root and three separate foramina.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical evaluation of five electronic root canal length measuring instruments.

A previous in vitro study has shown high accuracy, but no clinically significant differences in a group of five electronic root canal length measuring instruments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of the same group of instruments under clinical conditions and to correlate their accuracy to radiographic estimates of canal length. Five electronic root canal length measuring instruments were used to measure the working length to the "apex" in 20 single-rooted teeth scheduled for extraction. After extraction, the actual canal length was measured visually to a point just within the apical foramen. This length was compared with instrument length as determined electronically. The accuracy of the instruments in determining canal measurement within +/- 0.5 mm from the apical foramen varied from 55 to 75%. The differences between the instruments were not statistically significant. On average, all of the instruments except for the Endocater gave canal length measurements that were beyond the apical foramen. The variability of the measurements, which was comparable to that of estimates of canal length from preoperative radiographs, indicated that radiographic verification of the working length is still desirable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Incidence and configuration of canal systems in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars.

The anatomy of the mesiobuccal (MB) root of 51 maxillary first and 32 maxillary second molars was studied. Initially, an attempt was made to locate all canals using a standard access and hand instruments. A bur was next used carefully to locate any additional second mesiobuccal (mesiolingual (ML)) canals. Finally, after crown removal, the teeth were reduced horizontally in 1-mm increments and examined by microscope. A second ML canal was located in the coronal half of 95.2% of the roots: by hand instruments in 54.2%; bur in 31.3%; and microscope in 9.6%. There were no root perforations when the bur was used as described. The ML canal orifice averaged 1.82 mm lingual to the MB canal orifice. The difference in incidence of ML canals between the first and second molars was not statistically significant. The canal systems were type 1, 4.8%; type 2, 49.4%, and type 3, 45.8%.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1990

Root canal system of the maxillary central incisor.

To better assess the efficacy of mechanical preparation of root canals, transparent specimens of 510 extracted maxillary central incisors were investigated for thickness and curvature of the root canal, condition of any accessory canals, and location of the apical foramen. Over 60% of the specimens showed accessory canals that are impossible to clean mechanically. Most lateral branches were small, 80% were the size of a #10 reamer or less, and only 3% were thicker than a #40 reamer. Apical foramina located away from the apex were observed in 45% of the teeth, although nearly 80% of all foramina were within approximately 0.5 mm of the apex, and 95% were within approximately 1.0 mm. Data on the thickness and curvature of the main canal showed that normally it is adequately prepared when reached with a #60 reamer to the apical constriction and supplemented by flare preparation.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1991

Effect of coronal-radicular flaring on apical transportation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect early and late radicular flaring has on apical canal transportation when using balanced force instrumentation. Sixty-six extracted human teeth with curvatures ranging from 20 to 65 degrees were equally divided into two groups. Canals were cleaned and shaped using balanced force and one of two flaring techniques. A pre- and postoperative double exposure radiographic technique was used to evaluate apical canal transplantation. While early radicular flaring made instrumentation much easier, no significant differences were found when comparing apical transportation between the two experimental groups.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1991

Detection and treatment of multiple canals in mandibular premolars.

The endodontic treatment of mandibular premolars may not be successful because of failure to recognize and/or treat multiple canals when they are present in these teeth. Factors such as an awareness of data pertaining to the number of canals, knowledge of canal morphology, correct radiographic interpretation, and tactile examination of canal walls are important in detecting the presence of multiple canals. These factors, as well as guidelines for subsequent canal preparation and obturation, are provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of the Apex Locator Endocater.

The purpose of this study was to relate the relationship of the apical constriction to the anatomical apex and to determine the ability of the Endocater (Hygenic Corp., Akron, OH), using commercially bonded coated probes to locate the position of the apical constriction, in permanent teeth that were intact and had not been subjected to previous endodontic manipulation. Using local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, conventional access cavities were prepared at ultra high speed with water coolant in teeth treatment planned for extraction. The Endocater was used to determine the working length. The probes were sealed in place with autopolymerizing composite resin and the teeth extracted. The teeth were sectioned buccolingually, and the position of the probe in relation to the anatomical apex and apical constriction was measured with the use of an ocular microscope. In 17.1% of the canals, the probes bound in the coronal portion of the canals and would not reach the apical portion of the root. In those teeth in which the probes reached the apical portion of the root, the Endocater was able to locate the apical constriction within 0.5 mm in 93.4% of the canals.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1991

Thermally induced pulpalgia in endodontically treated teeth.

Two cases of thermally induced pulpalgia in teeth previously endodontically treated are presented. Reproduction of the patient's chief complaint was the key to identifying the teeth involved. In both cases, the pulpalgia was stimulated by heat. After locating and treating an unfilled canal, the teeth have remained asymptomatic. Possible explanations for this occurrence are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the Canal Master endodontic instrument and K-type files for enlargement of curved root canals.

Twenty mandibular molars with 40 mesial curved root canals were instrumented with a circumferential technique using K files and the Canal Master instrumentation technique by junior dental students whose only endodontic experience had been completion of a preclinical endodontic course. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were taken facially and mesially with instruments in place. The canals were evaluated radiographically for transportation 1 mm and 4 mm from the apex. The mesial roots were cross-sectioned at the same level. The sections were evaluated for roundness of the canal preparation. It was concluded that the Canal Master instrumentation technique transported the root canal less and produced rounder preparations than the K file circumferential technique. There appears to be a greater tendency for breakage with the Canal Master.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗