SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Flocculation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of the mouse leptomeninx.

An electron microscopic study was made of the mouse leptomeninx with special attention to the ultrastructure of the subarachnoid space. The arachnoid membrane was divided into outer and inner layers. The outer layer was composed of elongated cells in contact with one another with numerous tight junctions. The cells in the inner layer had intricate cytoprocesses , some of which embraced the connective tissue matrix containing collagen fibers. Beneath the arachnoid membrane, there were a loose meshwork of arachnoid cells and a single layer of pial cells. No arachnoid trabeculae were found. The intercellular space of the leptomeninx except in the outer layer of the arachnoid membrane was filled with Ruthenium Red-positive flocculent material and particles, in which various amounts of the collagen fibers and microfibrils were embedded. Elastic fibers were not identified. The subarachnoid space, which is believed to be a specialized channel exclusively containing the cerebrospinal fluid, was not recognized. These observations indicate that the cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the broad intercellular space, which contains extracellular matrix, of the leptomeninx .

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of transganglionic degeneration in brain stem trigeminal nuclei during normal primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption in the cat.

Electron microscopy is used to study changes in the axons and terminals in the cat brain stem trigeminal nuclei, main sensory, and partes interpolaris and caudalis, during the process of natural tooth shedding. Areas previously showing light optical argyrophilic degeneration products and adjacent areas lacking this degeneration are included. Various types of alteration occur early during tooth loss, including increased presumed glycogen, increased cytoplasmic density, flocculence, lucency, and neurofilamentous hyperplasia. By the stage of maximum exfoliation, terminals and axons of marked density become prominent in areas showing argyrophilia, whereas nondense forms occur elsewhere. By late eruption ages, all forms of degenerated terminals and axons are rare, but phagocytes are heavily laden with similar forms of debris. The sequence of ultrastructural events is discussed in light of recent studies of transganglionic degeneration, their correlation with light microscopic findings, and the potential implications for central plasticity in this system.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1985

Postnatal development of axosomatic synapses in the rat visual cortex: morphogenesis and quantitative evaluation.

Postnatal development of axosomatic synapses was studied in the rat visual cortex in order to obtain experimental data that may explain how the unequal distribution of asymmetric and symmetric synapses evolves on the soma of cortical neurons. Three types of synaptic junctions were identified: asymmetric or type 1 synapses, with postsynaptic densities greater than or equal to 20 nm, symmetric type 2 synapses, and symmetric synapses with an intermediate structure. The third synapse type had a structure similar to that of type 1 synapses, although the postsynaptic densities were thinner than 20 nm. Type 1 synapses developed in three phases. In phase 1, the first postnatal week, there were many free postsynaptic thickenings and immature synapses whereby a higher degree of postsynaptic differentiation was visible in comparison to the presynaptic elements. During the following 10 days, phase 2, type 1 synapses containing thin postsynaptic densities and intermediate synapses temporarily increased in number. Intermediate synapses are interpreted as precursors of type 1 synapses that have relatively immature postsynaptic elements. Toward the end of synaptogenesis, phase 3, the free postsynaptic thickenings reappeared while type 1 synapses containing well developed postsynaptic elements prevailed. Throughout the whole postnatal period, the numerical density of axosomatic type 1 synapses remained very low and the ratio of asymmetric to symmetric synapses at the neuronal somata was inversely proportional to that at the dendrites. Also, there was a significant decrease in the numerical density of type 1 synapses between postnatal days (P) 17 and 30. Data normalized according to cortical growth suggest that this is probably due to a decrease in the number of axosomatic type 1 synapses. This corresponds to the observation that in layers III and V a few type 1 synapses were found on pyramid-like cells up to P10 which then disappeared in later stages. Axosomatic type 2 synapses appear to be formed by two different presynaptic processes. The first presynaptic type contains flocculent material with glycogen granules and resembles axonal growth cones. These junctions contain multiple adhesion patches, intermediate junctions, one or more active zones, narrow synaptic clefts, and small pleomorphic vesicles. All of these are structural features of adult type 2 synapses. The growth-cone-like presynaptic elements disappeared after about 3 weeks. The second presynaptic type is smaller in size and also forms contacts with a structure similar to adult type 2 synapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Small vesicle bouton synapses on the distal half of the lateral dendrite of the goldfish Mauthner cell: freeze-fracture and thin section study.

To understand principles of synaptic integration, it is necessary to define the types of synapses on a particular neuron and their distribution. Thin sectioning and double replica freeze-fracture techniques were employed to characterize the small vesicle bouton (SVB) synapses on the distal half of the Mauthner (M) cell lateral dendrite, which probably mediate a remote dendritic inhibition. Three morphologically distinct SVB synapses, types A, B, and C, were found. These three SVB synapses form roughly 90% of the synapses on the distal half of the lateral dendrite, with types A and B being most common. The SVB A synapse is characterized by mostly oval and round synaptic vesicles, a discrete presynaptic active zone with a highly variable shape, and a postsynaptic active zone with no apparent particle aggregate in either the E or P face. At the SVB B synapse, most of the synaptic vesicles are flat. A very high particle density is present throughout the presynaptic P face, and vesicle attachment sites are dispersed over much of the presynaptic membrane. Postsynaptic P face particle aggregates are subjacent to the presynaptic vesicle attachment sites, and are often large and anastomosing. The SVB C synapse is characterized by synaptic vesicle profiles that vary from flattened to round. The SVB C cytoplasm was unclouded by the flocculent material that characterized SVBs A and B. The presynaptic active zones at the SVB C synapse are discrete, and macular or oblong. No particle aggregates are apparent in the postsynaptic active zone. Small, macular particle aggregates were found in nonactive zone regions of the postsynaptic E face of all three types of SVBs. Small subsurface cisterns were also observed underlying the M cell membrane at all three types of SVB synapses. Neither the postsynaptic E face aggregates nor the subsurface cisterns were ever observed directly subjacent to presynaptic active zones, but were often seen adjacent to active zones. Short, straight rows of particles and short cylinders were often seen in both pre- and postsynaptic surrounding zone regions of SVB A and C synapses. These structures are thought to represent tight junctions.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by a novel electrochemical method.

Spherical silver and gold nanoparticles with narrow size distributions were conveniently synthesized in aqueous solution by a novel electrochemical method. The technological keys to the electrochemical synthesis of monodispersed metallic nanoparticles lie in the choice of an ideal stabilizer for the metallic nanoclusters and the use of a rotating platinum cathode. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was chosen as the stabilizer for the silver and gold clusters. PVP not only protects metallic particles from agglomeration, but also promotes metal nucleation, which tends to produce small metal particles. Using a rotating platinum cathode effectively solves the technological difficulty of rapidly transferring the (electrochemically synthesized) metallic nanoparticles from the cathode vicinity to the bulk solution, avoiding the occurrence of flocculates in the vicinity of the cathode, and ensuring the monodispersity of the particles. The particle size and particle size distribution of the silver and gold nanoparticles were improved by adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to the electrolyte. The electrochemically synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and UV/Vis spectroscopy.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1994

Application of flow cytometric methods for the routine detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water.

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are common causes of waterborne disease. The currently used methods of detecting these organisms in water rely on filtration capture, immunofluorescence labelling, and epifluorescence microscopy. These methods are inefficient, labour intensive, and require a highly skilled microscopist. We describe an alternative technique using flocculation concentration, followed by flow cytometry with fluorescence activated cell sorting. Environmental samples were analysed, and protozoan-like particles were sorted and collected before confirmation with epifluorescence microscopy. The technique was found to be significantly more sensitive and considerably faster than the conventional methods.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Autoradiographic detection of diphtheria toxin resistant mutants in human diploid fibroblasts.

An autoradiographic procedure for the detection of diphtheria toxin (DT) resistant (DipR) mutants in human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cells has been developed. The assay is based on the observation that when HDFs from confluent cultures are seeded in medium containing 0.01 flocculating units/ml or higher concentration of DT, protein synthesis in sensitive cells is severely inhibited by 4-6 hr. If at this or later time, a radiolabeled protein precursor (eg, 3H-leucine) is added to the culture, it is almost exclusively incorporated into the resistant cells, which are then readily identified by autoradiography. The DipR cells can also be identified by labeling in the presence of 3H-thymidine, although a higher background is observed in these experiments. Reconstruction experiments using DipS and DipR HDFs show that the frequency of heavily labeled cells that are detected by autoradiography show an excellent correlation with the number of DipR cells added and to the number of DipR cells as detected by conventional colony forming assay. These studies provide strong evidence that the labeled cells identified by autoradiography are bona fide DipR mutants. The detection of DipR cells by autoradiography is apparently not affected by the presence of the sensitive cells in the mixtures. The spontaneous frequency of DipR cells in HDFs has been found to be in the range of 1-5 X 10(-6), and this increases in a dose dependent manner upon treatment with the mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate. These results indicate that the autoradiographic assay could be used for quantitative mutagenesis. Since the autoradiographic assay does not depend on cell division, it may prove useful in estimating the incidence of pre-existing mutations in cell populations that either do not divide or have very limited growth potential (eg, lymphocytes, muscle cells, neurons, senescent fibroblasts, etc).

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1985

Diphtheria toxin resistance in human lymphocytes and lymphoblasts in the in vivo somatic cell mutation test.

It has been shown that circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used for the enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant cells that presumably arise by mutation in vivo. This somatic cell mutation test has been studied in lymphocytes from human populations exposed to known mutagens and/or carcinogens. The sensitivity of the test could be further enhanced by including other gene markers, since there is evidence for locus-specific differences in response to mutagens. Resistance to diphtheria toxin (Dipr) seemed like a potential marker to incorporate into the test because the mutation acts codominantly, can readily be selected in human diploid fibroblasts and Chinese hamster cells with no evidence for cell density or cross-feeding effects, and can be assayed for in nondividing cells by measuring protein synthesis inhibition. Blood samples were collected from seven individuals, and fresh, cryopreserved, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphocytes were tested for continued DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine, autoradiography) or protein synthesis (35S-methionine, scintillation counting). Both fresh and cryopreserved lymphocytes, stimulated to divide with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), continued to synthesize DNA in the presence of high doses of diphtheria toxin (DT). Similarly, both dividing (PHA-stimulated) and nondividing fresh lymphocytes carried on significant levels of protein synthesis even 68 hr after exposure to 100 flocculating units (LF)/ml DT. The findings were confirmed in cord blood lymphocytes, ruling out the possibility that diphtheria immunization could have led to a selection of Dipr lymphocytes. One lymphoblast line (EBV-transformed lymphocytes) showed a reduction in protein synthesis to 0.2% of controls only at 192 hr after exposure to 100 LF/ml. The results suggest that human T and B lymphocytes may not be as sensitive to DT protein synthesis inhibition as human fibroblast and Chinese hamster cells. For this reason, Dipr may not be a suitable marker for the somatic cell mutation test.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1987

Application of polyelectrolytes to fractionation of alfalfa juice protein (short communication).

The quantities of protein which can be extracted from green plants depend on a number of factors such as the botanical composition of the plant, its growth stage, topdressing and system of extraction. Leaf protein concentrates have been incorporated into food for human consumption, but their green color has limited its application. Thermal precipitation of chloroplastic material is not specific, causes denaturation and requires high energy input. A selective recovery of the green fraction is possible by centrifugation at high centrifugal forces or by the combination of this method with an addition of calcium salt to a green juice. Application of high molecular polyelectrolytes in green juice precipitation allows the separation of pigmented material at room temperature. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of cationic and anionic flocculants on fractionation of alfalfa green juice into two fractions: chloroplastic (green LPC) and cytoplasmatic (white LPC).

Chemical Fractionation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Centrilobular liver necrosis induced by hypoxia in chronic ethanol-fed rats.

Rats fed ethanol from 21 to 130 days were subjected to one or more episodes of hypoxia (6% O2) in order to determine if ethanol predisposed to centrilobular liver necrosis induced by hypoxia. Pair-fed control rats were fed the diet regimen in parallel with the ethanol-fed rats through an indwelling gastric cannula. The diet and ethanol were fed continuously 24 hr per day so as to maintain high blood alcohol levels in the ethanol-fed rats. Serum enzyme levels, SGOT and SGPT were measured before and after the hypoxic episodes as an indicator of centrilobular necrosis. Animal livers were studied for centrilobular necrosis by light and electron microscopy. Necrosis was documented to be present when flocculent densities were found in hepatocytic mitochondria or the plasma membrane permitted lanthanum entrance into the cell. The results showed that ethanol feeding to maintain high blood alcohol levels did increase the propensity of the liver to undergo centrilobular necrosis when the rats were subjected to hypoxia (1 hr 45 min to 5 hr 30 min). Centrilobular necrosis was observed in the ethanol-fed rats only. Serum enzyme levels (SGPT and SGOT) rose to very high levels in these rats when they were permitted to die of hypoxia. Serum sediment from the ethanol-fed rats contained numerous cell fragments and free organelles. Since the plasma membranes were missing along the sinusoidal face of centrilobular hepatocytes and microbodies were present, it was concluded that the cell fragments in the blood had originated from necrotic hepatocytes.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1992

Calcification of implanted vascular tissues associated with elastin in an experimental animal model.

We have previously studied the process of calcification in bioprosthetic porcine heart valves crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Observations using light microscopy had indicated that calcification of elastic fibers occurs in implanted heart valves, in addition to calcification associated with collagen fibers. To determine the contribution of elastin to the process of calcification, small pieces of rabbit aorta were cross-linked with 0.2% glutaraldehyde, rinsed in buffer, and implanted subcutaneously in young adult male rats. Cross-linked jugular vein implants were included as controls. After an implantation period of 1 month or longer, we observed many areas of calcification in the aortic media associated with elastin and fewer such areas associated with collagen. The elastin-rich aortic tissues accumulated more calcium than venous tissues. Calcium deposits appeared similar in both allogenic and xenogeneic implants. Calcified areas viewed under the electron microscope included intercellular nonfibrous material. Calcified areas involved predominantly the outer layers of elastic fibers. Calcific deposits included needle-like crystals of hydroxyapatite but often consisted of an amorphous flocculant material surrounded by crystals. The close spatial relationship of hydroxyapatite crystals and elastic membranes seen in this study may be relevant to the initiation of dystrophic calcification in glutaraldehyde cross-linked aortic grafts.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Influence of retinoic acid on the ultrastructure and hyaluronic acid synthesis of adult human epidermis in whole skin organ culture.

Normal human skin was maintained in organ culture under chemically defined conditions. All-trans retinoic acid was added to the culture medium at the final concentration of 5 mumol/l. After 5 days in culture samples were either harvested for electron microscopy or labeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 h. After labeling, epidermis was separated from dermis and both tissue compartments were analyzed for the content of 3H-labeled glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) using CPC-precipitation and thin layer chromatography after enzymatic degradation into specific disaccharides. Retinoic acid caused a marked change in the epidermal tissue architecture. The epidermal cells were flattened and contained fewer desmosomes and tonofilaments than control explants. Retinoic acid induced accumulation of fine granular material in the intercellular spaces in the upper, and less dense, flocculent material in the lower epidermis. The analysis of 3H-glycosaminoglycans showed that in the epidermis retinoic acid elevated the amount of labeled hyaluronate by 70%, whereas sulfated GAGs were not significantly increased. In dermis the incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into neither hyaluronate nor sulfated GAGs was stimulated by the retinoic acid. It is concluded that retinoic acid significantly modifies the differentiation of normal adult human epidermis by decreasing cytoskeleton components and by inducing the synthesis of new intercellular material, at least a part of which is hyaluronic acid. As a consequence, the cohesion between the epidermal cells was apparently weakened.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗

PubMed1991

Sertoli cells and testicular differentiation in the rat fetus.

The fetal testis is not merely a precursor of the adult organ: it is indeed an endocrine gland whose function is the masculinization of the fetus. It differs physiologically and morphologically from the adult testis. In this paper, the first stages of testicular differentiation in the rat are described, with special emphasis on the ultrastructural aspects. At the stage of 13.5 days after fertilization, the first Sertoli cells differentiate; they are characterized by a voluminous and little electron dense cytoplasm, a well-developed RER formed by vesicles and short cisternae filled with a flocculent material. Progressively, they polarize and adhere to one another by adherens-like junctions and cytoplasmic interdigitations to form the differentiating seminiferous cords. In the basal part of the Sertoli cells, a mat of microfilaments differentiates under the plasmalemma, while cytoplasmic blebs protruding in the extracellular space tend to disappear. A continuous basal lamina delineating the seminiferous cords begins to appear on day 14.5 and becomes widespread on day 15.5. These observations, when compared with other data from the literature, emphasize the fact that the differentiation of the Sertoli cells is the first morphological event during testicular differentiation. A possible role of the Sertoli cells in the subsequent organogenesis of the testis is suggested.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Identification of synaptic interactions of intracellularly injected neurons in fixed brain slices by means of dual-label electron microscopy.

The injection of the dye Lucifer Yellow (LY) into neurons in slices of fixed brain is used to associate cells displaying a particular dendritic geometry with a specific pattern of neuronal connectivity. In the present report we expand on this technique by combining it at the electron microscopic level with immunocytochemistry and/or degeneration for the study of synaptic relationships. As a model we use the projection neurons of nucleus accumbens. These neurons were retrogradely labeled in vivo with injections or a fluorescent tracer. Fast Blue, into the ventral mesencephalon. Using epifluorescent monitoring, these neurons were located in perfusion-fixed brain slices and intracellularly injected with LY. They were visualized in the light and electron microscope using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method. Certain afferent connections of these neurons were identified in the same tissue through the use of either dual-label immunocytochemistry or anterograde degeneration combined with a single-label immunoreaction. In the dual-label procedure, a silver-gold intensification of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction product for the first antigen (LY) was contrasted with a nonintensified reaction product for the second antigen (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]). Ultrastructurally, metallic gold particles appeared to be dispersed over the immunolabeled perikarya, dendrites, and, occasionally, axonal terminals of LY-injected neurons whereas the flocculent DAB reaction product was present in TH-containing axons and terminals. Following lesions of the ventral subiculum in the hippocampal formation, degenerating axon terminals were detected in nucleus accumbens along with immunoreacted, LY-injected neurons. The techniques outlined in this report should prove invaluable for the study of the synaptic interactions of identified neurons. They can be reliably reproduced with a high yield per experiment.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Comparative methodological investigations on the cytochemical localization of calcium in brain and inner ear of cichlid fish.

Four different methods for calcium precipitation are compared in the optic tectum and the inner ear of the cichid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Several parameters are investigated concerning their influences on the reaction product. Three procedures (bichromate, fluoride, and oxalate-pyroantimonate) produce fine-grained deposits, often flocculent in the latter method. The fourth method (potassium-pyroantimonate) generates predominantly coarse-grained reaction product. The calcium content of the deposits is always proven with energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). In both tissues fine-grained reaction product is found in endoplasmic reticulum and synaptic vesicles, and in addition in some mitochondria and at the cytoskeleton. The coarse-grained deposits of the potassium-pyroantimonate method have a more unspecific distribution. This is the only method which produces extracellular deposits in the inner ear, whereas in the optic tectum extracellular precipitates are always present except with the oxalate-pyroantimonate procedure. Two factors have an influence on the reaction product: the duration of fixation and the type of resin. The prolongation of the fixation time up to 24 hours leads to an increase of the reaction product, which also becomes coarse-grained. These observations are corroborated by quantification with image analysis. Furthermore the use of an epoxy resin compared to acrylic resins decreases the amount of reaction product produced. We show that the application of several methods is meaningful in order to understand the calcium properties of the investigated tissue, but it is necessary to optimize a certain method for a given tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

The switch mechanism of the cell death mode from apoptosis to necrosis in menadione-treated human osteosarcoma cell line 143B cells.

Time-dependent changes in the cell death mode from apoptosis to necrosis were studied in cultured 143B cells treated with menadione, an anti-cancerous drug, excluding a possible involvement of "secondary necrosis." The population of apoptotic cells judged by FITC-Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining reached its maximum at 6 hours after 100 microM menadione treatment followed by an abrupt decrease thereafter, while that of necrotic cells continuously increased reaching 90% at 24 hours. Electron microscopically, cells attached to the culture dish at 6 hours after the treatment consisted of two different types of cells: cells with typical apoptotic features occupying the major population and those with condensed nuclei and swollen cytoplasm. Cells attached to the culture dish at 8 hours after the treatment consisted exclusively of those with condensed nuclei and swollen cytoplasm. Mitochondria in these cells showed various structural changes: those swollen to various degrees with deposition of flocculent densities, or those with highly condensed matrix. Distinct decreases both in intracellular levels of ATP and caspase-3-like activities and remarkable elevations of intracellular levels of superoxide, which were partly suppressed by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors, occurred at 6 hours after the treatment. These results may suggest that distinct increases of the intracellular level of superoxide derived from plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase besides that from mitochondria have triggered the transition of cell death mode from apoptosis to necrosis. Transition of highly condensed mitochondria to extremely swollen ones may reflect necrotic processes in menadione-treated cells. The present study strongly suggests that time-dependent study is essential using the electron microscopic technique to analyze detailed processes in the changes of the cell death mode.

Acetophenones↗

PubMed1982

Effects of advancing age on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in the male white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus).

Quantitative comparison of pinealocyte ultrastructure in 3-month-old and 28-month-old male white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) revealed decreases both in the area of the Golgi apparatus and in the number of dense-core vesicles. In contrast, no differences between these two age groups were noted in the areas of granular endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles with flocculent content, lysosome-like bodies, or mitochondria. Nor were any changes between groups of mice apparent in pinealocyte nuclear or cytoplasmic areas, nuclear: cytoplasmic ratios, or the number of pinealocyte nuclei per unit area. Areas of unusual, annulate lamellae-like structures were increased in the pinealocytes of a group of 28-month-old mice. These observations suggest a possible age-associated decrease in the neurosecretory-like (but not ependymal-like) secretory process in the pinealocyte of white-footed mice.

Aging↗

PubMed1992

Immunocytochemical analysis of the association of bovine oviduct-specific glycoproteins with early embryos.

The bovine oviductal epithelium synthesizes and secretes a class of oviduct-specific glycoproteins that is present in the luminal fluid when fertilization and early embryonic development occur. The objective of this study was to determine if these characterized glycoproteins become associated with oviductal embryos. Ovarian ova and oviductal embryos were recovered from super-ovulated cows at 72 h after onset of estrus. Eggs were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde and subsequently embedded in Lowicryl K4M. Sections (1 micron) were processed for peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. Immunolabeling was not detected in any region of ovarian ova. Oviductal embryos, regardless of cleavage stage, exhibited immunoperoxidase staining localized within their zona pellucidae. Sections (100 nm) obtained from a 4- and an 8-cell embryo were also subjected to colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy to determine conclusively the subcellular distribution of the oviduct-specific glycoproteins. Gold particles were distributed uniformly throughout the width of the zona pellucida. Also, immunoreactivity was observed associated with flocculent material in the perivitelline space and with the vitelline membrane. These results indicate that the bovine oviduct-specific secretory glycoproteins become associated with oviductal embryos. This association may be biologically important to the developing embryo.

Animals↗