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PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of Linco-Spectin medication on mycoplasma meleagridis airsacculitis in turkey poults.

The efficacy of Linco-Spectin (LS) water medication was determined against Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) airsacculitis in turkey poults under controlled conditions. The poults were obtained from commercial flocks naturally infected with MM. Water medication was given for the first five days of life. In Georgia and Ohio, LS was given at 0, 1, 2, and 4 g per gallon of drinking water. In California and Minnesota, LS was administered at 0 and 2 g per gallon of drinking water. At three weeks old, the birds were weighed individually and examined serologically, culturally, and grossly for MM airsacculitis. LS at 2 g activity per gallon of drinking water was beneficial in controlling MM airsacculitis in all four trials.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics and fate of [3H]trospectomycin sulfate, a novel aminocyclitol antibiotic, in male and female dogs and rabbits. Allometric scaling with human.

The pharmacokinetics and fate of [3H]trospectomycin sulfate, a novel aminocyclitol antibiotic, were examined in male and female dogs and rabbits. Total radioactivity levels in plasma were associated with unchanged trospectomycin in both dog and rabbit. No unchanged drug was found in rabbit urine. Two radioactive components were found in dog urine; one was indistinguishable from trospectomycin and the other was probably a degradation product. The disappearance of drug from plasma followed a biphasic pattern and was well described by a bi-exponential function with half-lives of 0.4-0.8 and 30-70 hr in the dog and 0.4 and 90-120 hr in the rabbit. There was a large distribution volume (Vss), which indicated some retention of drug by tissues. The clearance (CL) for both animals was within the normal range for glomerular filtration rate. CL and Vss were not different between the sexes in the dog or rabbit. Excretion in both animals was initially rapid (greater than 40% by 4 hr) and mainly by the urinary route (fecal excretion less than 10%). Urinary excretion was not significantly different between the sexes. Over the dose range of 25-100 mg/kg, the plasma pharmacokinetics in the dog were linear. However, the recovery of radioactivity in the urine was significantly reduced at the highest dose. Trospectomycin CL in rat, human (obtained from previous studies), dog, and rabbit was described by the allometric equation, CL (ml/hr) = 132 x M0.91 where M is the body mass in kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of Mycoplasmas isolated from the bovine genital tract.

The in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 14 mycoplasma and 13 ureaplasma strains isolated from the genital tracts of bulls was examined. It was found that at relatively low concentrations, tetracycline, declomycin and tylosin were lethal to both types of organisms. Lincospectin, berenil, streptomycin and erythromycin were lethal to mycoplasmas but were only inhibitory to the ureaplasma strains at the same concentrations. Polymyxin B and novobiocin were ineffective at the levels tested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Construction of the cybrid transplastomic Brassica napus plants containing Lesquerella fendleri chloroplasts].

Transferring of Lesquerella fendleri genetically transformed plastids to Brassica napus plants has been performed with the somatic hybridization method. The plastome of the previously engineered transplastomic L. fendleri plants contained the aadA16gfp selective marker gene conferring spectinomycin/streptomycin resistance and green fluorescence under UV light. The protoplasts of B. napus chlorophyll-deficient plants were fused with gamma-irradiated protoplasts of L. fendleri transplastomic plants. A total of 59 green hybrid colonies have been isolated followed by spectinomycin/streptomycin selection. Shoot regeneration has been observed for two cell lines. Morphologically normal plants have been regenerated for one of them. PCR and isozyme analyses showed that the plants were transplastomic cybrids containing B. napus nuclei and L. fendleri transformed chloroplasts.

Brassica napus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics].

Since 1976 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae producing beta-lactamase have been isolated in many countries. Strains with high level resistance to tetracycline have been also described. The appearance of resistant strains implies a constant surveillance of the isolated gonococcus and the study of their antibiotics sensitivity.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution and disposition of trospectomycin sulfate in the in vivo rat, perfused rat liver, and cultured rat hepatocytes.

Trospectomycin sulfate is an experimental, aminocyclitol antibiotic. It has been shown in preclinical, chronic safety studies in the dog and rat to elicit a reversible, lysosomal phospholipidosis in liver. The present experiments were conducted to characterize the tissue distribution and disposition of 3H]trospectomycin sulfate in the male rat, perfused rat, perfused rat liver, and cultured rat hepatocytes. Following a 5 mg/kg iv dose to four rats, approximately 70% of the dose was recovered within 24 hr primarily in urine as unchanged drug, and the remainder was eliminated with a terminal phase half-life in blood and tissues of 3 days. Fecal excretion was relatively minor (16% of the dose recovered in feces in 7 days) until later timepoints, when it was the principal pathway of terminal phase elimination. The liver sequestered approximately 10% of the dose and had the highest tissue levels of drug at all times measured. Liver perfusion experiments indicated that trospectomycin accumulated in a hepatic depot compartment as parent drug by a first-order process which was nonsaturable up to a 1 mM concentration of drug. Biliary excretion of unchanged trospectomycin by the perfused liver was slow (approximately 3% of the dose in 2 hr) and occurred by both paracellular and transcellular mechanisms. The hepatic depot compartment appeared to be responsible for transcellular biliary excretion, and thus for the sustained fecal excretion observed in vivo. Subcellular distribution experiments indicated that at least 50% of the drug in the hepatic depot was sequestered in organelles having a broad density range. The existence of a trospectomycin depot compartment was also demonstrated in cultured hepatocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Asymptomatic gonorrhea.

Asymptomatic gonorrhea is significantly common in both males and females. A patient with one sexually transmitted disease (STD) is more likely to have an asymptomatic gonorrheal infection. A physician seeing a patient with an STD should obtain a culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae to check for a possible asymptomatic infection. Routine culturing of this sexually active population will help to control the increasing incidence of gonorrhea. Appropriate treatment should be initiated by the physician who makes the diagnosis of gonorrhea.

Aftercare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered trospectomycin sulfate.

Local and systemic tolerance and drug pharmacokinetics were evaluated after a single intravenous infusion of 75 to 1,000 mg of trospectomycin or placebo in 96 healthy volunteers. No clinically significant changes, trends, or abnormalities were observed in the vital signs, electrocardiograms, or laboratory test results; however, there were some statistically significant dose effects or dose-by-time interactions on some of the measures. Mild, transient, local reactions at the infusion site were reported by 20% of the trospectomycin-treated and 22% of the placebo-treated subjects. No irritation of the surrounding tissue was noted when extravasation occurred. Mild, transient, perioral-facial numbness, which was probably drug-related, was the most commonly reported systemic adverse drug experience, occurring in 17 of 64 trospectomycin-treated subjects, but only at doses of 600 mg and above. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that after a 1,000-mg intravenous dose of trospectomycin, the mean serum half-life was 2.18 hr, the mean area under the curve (AUC) was 157.0 hr x micrograms/ml, the mean maximum concentration (Cmax) was 82.4 micrograms/ml, the mean time to maximum concentration was 25.0 min, and the elimination rate (Ke) was 0.33 hr-1. The Ke and half-life did not vary with dose, and both Cmax and AUC showed a strong linear trend. From 48% to 62% of the dose was excreted in the urine during the first 48 hours after infusion. Under the conditions of this study, intravenous trospectomycin was well tolerated by human subjects at single doses up to and including 1,000 mg.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Multiple-dose, double-blind, placebo controlled intravenous tolerance and pharmacokinetic study of trospectomycin sulfate (U-63, 366F) in healthy male volunteers.

Trospectomycin sulfate is a novel aminocyclitol antibiotic. This study evaluated the tolerance and the pharmacokinetics of multiple, intravenous doses of trospectomycin (TRO) in healthy male volunteers. Three groups of 10 volunteers were studied. Eight volunteers in each group were studied in a parallel design to receive trospectomycin (Group 1 = 250 mg, Group 2 = 500 mg, Group 3 = 750 mg) while 2 volunteers received placebo (normal saline). Drug doses were administered in 30 ml volumes over 30 min every 8 h for 7 days (i.e. 21 total doses). Evaluations of vital signs, side effects, and safety laboratory tests were made at regular intervals during the study. The most frequent medical events observed in the volunteers receiving trospectomycin were perioral/facial paresthesias (54%), pain at the i.v. infusion site (46%), dizziness/lightheadedness (58%), and GI symptoms (38%). A statistically significant dose response relationship was observed for the incidence of perioral/facial paresthesias and pain at the i.v. infusion site (i.e., increased incidence with increased dose). All the medical events were mild or moderate in severity and reversible following drug discontinuation. In the 500 and 750 mg trospectomycin groups, standing systolic blood pressure decreased significantly with the first dose of study drug. Elevated levels of SGPT were observed in 9 volunteers (1 in placebo, 3 in 250 mg, 1 in 500 mg, and 4 in 750 mg dose groups). This study demonstrates that multiple intravenous trospectomycin doses up to 750 mg are reasonably well tolerated in healthy male volunteers. The concentration of trospectomycin in serum, measured with a sensitive HPLC assay, was less than 3 mcg/ml at 8 h postinfusion for all dose levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗