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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Spontaneous abortion and induced abortion: an adjustment for the presence of induced abortion when estimating the rate of spontaneous abortion from cross-sectional studies.

The existence of high rates of induced abortion in the population may distort currently employed measures of the rate of spontaneous abortion. Since the frequency of induced abortion varies greatly between and within populations, an appropriate correction is needed to restore the comparability of spontaneous abortion rates. A simplified estimate of the "true" rate of spontaneous abortion is proposed. This statistic yields a sufficient approximation for most purposes.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Does the karyotype of a spontaneous abortion predict the karyotype of a subsequent abortion? Evidence from 273 women with two karyotyped spontaneous abortions.

At least two spontaneous abortions were karyotyped in 273 women during cytogenetic surveys in New York City and Honolulu. These pairs were analyzed using maximum-likelihood logistic-regression analysis to adjust for maternal age and location. There was a significantly increased risk for a chromosomally normal spontaneous abortion after a previous abortion with a normal karyotype. There was no increased risk for trisomy in a second spontaneous abortion following either a previous trisomic abortion or an abortion with another abnormal karyotype. This is unexpected, given the increased risk for trisomy found among live births and at prenatal diagnosis in young women with a previous trisomic birth. The most likely explanation is that the increased recurrence risk for trisomy is restricted to trisomy for only one or a few chromosomes, for reasons such as parental trisomy mosaicism. These data predict no increased risk of chromosome abnormality in future pregnancies after either (1) spontaneous abortions with trisomies of a kind that are always lethal in utero or (2) multiple early abortions in the presence of normal parental karyotypes.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1979

Gestation, birth-weight, and spontaneous abortion in pregnancy after induced abortion. Report of Collaborative Study by W.H.O. Task Force on Sequelae of Abortion.

The outcome of pregnancy in 7228 women from eight European cities was studied. In two of the three city clusters, there was a significantly higher risk of adverse outcome in terms of either mid-trimester spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, or low-birth-weight infant among women whose only previous pregnancy had been surgically terminated only previous pregnancy had been surgically terminated than among primigravidae or women whose only previous pregnancy had ended in live birth. In one city cluster in which surgical termination was accomplished both by conventional dilatation and currettage and by vacuum aspiration (V.A.), an increased risk of short gestation was noted for V.A., but the overall total risk of adverse outcome was not significantly increased. In the third city cluster, in which surgical termination was nearly entirely by V.A., induced abortion was not associated with any increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. The effects of spontaneous abortion on the subsequent pregnancy are similar to those of induced abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

[Psychological and psychosocial factors and relevant therapeutic measures in spontaneous abortion and recurrent spontaneous abortion and habitual abortion].

It has been demonstrated that psychological and psychosocial factors are implicated in spontaneous and recurrent spontaneous abortions. According to these results we showed in our review, that certain psychological disorders, such as anxiety and nervousness, psychosomatic and personality disorders, negative attitude towards sexuality and pregnancy, parental conflicts and others may impair pregnancy outcome. Severe psychological and psychiatric problems prior to pregnancy were rarely evidenced, in opposite, depressive reactions after pregnancy loss frequently observed. The results suggest possible interactions between etiologic and psychoreactive parameters. Relations between nervous system and reproductive organs may explain influences of stress upon pregnancy outcome, as elevated stress hormones (catecholamines, cortisol) are able to reduce fetal vascularisation and oxygen supply and possibly induce labour and abortion. These observations are of interest, because in a considerable number of cases cannot be found. Adequate counseling and therapeutics may help overcome depressive reactions after pregnancy loss and avoid further complications.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimating the probability of spontaneous abortion in the presence of induced abortion and vice versa.

An integrated approach to estimate the total number of pregnancies that begin in a population during one calendar year and the probability of spontaneous abortion is described. This includes an indirect estimate of the number of pregnancies that result in spontaneous abortions. The method simultaneously takes into account the proportion of induced abortions that are censored by spontaneous abortions and vice versa in order to estimate the true annual number of spontaneous and induced abortions for a population. It also estimates the proportion of pregnancies that women intended to allow to continue to a live birth. The proposed indirect approach derives adjustment factors to make indirect estimates by combining vital statistics information on gestational age at induced abortion (from the 12 States that report to the National Center for Health Statistics) with a life table of spontaneous abortion probabilities. The adjustment factors are applied to data on induced abortions from the Alan Guttmacher Institute Abortion Provider Survey and data on births from U.S. vital statistics. For the United States in 1980 the probability of a spontaneous abortion is 19 percent, given the presence of induced abortion. Once the effects of spontaneous abortion are discounted, women in 1980 intended to allow 73 percent of their pregnancies to proceed to a live birth. One medical benefit to a population practicing induced abortion is that induced abortions avert some spontaneous abortions, leading to a lower mean gestational duration at the time of spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

[Reporting of induced abortions in 1994. A comparison between the data in the Registry of Legally Induced Abortions and the National Patient Registry].

Up to 31st December 1994 all cases of legally induced abortions were notified by the physician responsible for the operation to the National Board of Health and recorded in the Register of Induced Abortions. Following this data, abortion statistics will rely on data concerning induced abortions in the Danish National Patient Register, which includes information based upon the unique personal number of all patients admitted to hospitals. The completeness of the Register of Induced Abortions and the National Patient Register as to induced abortions in 1994 was assessed to evaluate the impact of the change in method of monitoring on trends in the national and regional abortion rate. The complete number of induced abortions was estimated to be the sum of the number recorded in both registers, cases recorded only in the Register of Induced Abortions, cases recorded only in the National Patient Register, and the missing number of registration of induced abortions calculated by capture-recapture methods. Of these 18,429 abortions 96.4% were registered in the National Patient Register and 93.5% in the Register of Induced Abortions. There were some regional variations. In some counties more abortions were registered in the Register of Induced Abortions and in others in the National Patient Register. Considering the change from 1995 in sources of the statistics of induced abortions, analyses of trends in the abortion rate in the early 1990s in Denmark must be evaluated with prudence.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1997

Chromosome analysis of aborted conceptuses of recurrent aborters positive for anticardiolipin antibody.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between anticardiolipin antibody and recurrent abortion. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Institutional practice in which patients with recurrent abortion were registered at the outpatient clinic for infertility of Niigata University Hospital. PATIENT(S): Five hundred sixty-one patients with recurrent abortions and 148 patients who were not recurrent aborters and who had experienced sporadic abortion. INTERVENTION(S): Aborted conceptuses for chromosome analyses were collected from the patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The positive rate of anticardiolipin antibody was assessed in patients with recurrent abortion. Chromosome analyses of aborted conceptuses were performed in 10 patients with positive anticardiolipin antibody who had experienced another pregnancy that resulted in repeated abortion. Similar analyses of aborted conceptuses from 148 sporadic early abortions (controls) were performed. RESULT(S): The incidence of chromosome abnormalities in anticardiolipin antibody-positive recurrent aborters was 20.0% (2 of 10 cases), which was significantly lower than that of patients with sporadic abortion (60.1%, 89 of 148 cases). CONCLUSION(S): The low incidence of chromosome abnormalities in aborted conceptuses of patients with positive anticardiolipin antibody suggests that this antibody is strongly implicated in the genesis of recurrent abortions.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2002

Is "abortion culture" fading in the former Soviet Union? Views about abortion and contraception in Kazakhstan.

The Soviet legacy of widespread reliance on induced abortion is of critical importance to reproductive trends and policies in post-Soviet nations, especially as they strive to substitute contraception for abortion. Using data from two Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1995 and 1999, this study analyzes and compares trends in abortion and contraception, women's attitudes toward abortion, and their perceptions of problems associated with abortion and contraception in Kazakhstan. Despite an overall decline in abortion and an increase in contraceptive use since Kazakhstan's independence in 1991, abortion has remained a prominent part of the country's reproductive culture and practices. This study shows how abortion-related views reflect the long-standing ethnocultural differences between the indigenous Kazakhs and Kazakhstan's residents of European roots, as the latter continue to have significantly higher levels of abortion. The study, however, also reveals the internal diversity among Kazakhs with respect to abortion experiences and views, stemming from decades of the Soviet sociocultural influence in Kazakhstan. In addition, the analysis points to some generational differences in views concerning abortion and contraception. Finally, the study demonstrates parallels in attitudes toward abortion and toward contraception, thereby questioning straightforward assumptions about the replacement of abortion with contraception.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Does the liberalisation of abortion laws increase the number of abortions? The case study of Spain.

BACKGROUND: Over the course of the 1980s a public debate on abortion took place in Spain culminating in a more permissive social climate and, in 1985, the partial decriminalisation of abortion. Before this, women were forced to abort illegally or abroad in countries which had decriminalised abortions. The aim of this study is to present jointly the evolution of abortions in Spanish women in England and Wales between 1974 and 1995, The Netherlands between 1980 and 1995 and Spain since the start of the register in 1987 through to 1995 and to compare trends both before and after the law in Spain. METHODS: Incidence rates were calculated in each of the countries studied and the slopes of the curves for 1974-1984 and 1987-1995 were compared. Data were obtained from reports published by the offices of abortion surveillance in England and Wales, The Netherlands and Spain. RESULTS: The rates increased constantly throughout the study period. From 1974 to 1985, a total of 204,736 Spanish women aborted in England and Wales and The Netherlands. After the law was passed, 34,895 Spanish women had abortions in those countries over the period 1986-1995. During 1987-1995, 340,214 Spanish women terminated their pregnancies in Spain. The regression coefficients before and after the passing of the law were beta = 0.3538 (0.307-0.400) and beta = 0.319 (0.243-0.394) respectively; no difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period a significant proportion of reproductive-aged Spanish women had abortions in England and Wales and The Netherlands. Decriminalisation has had no observed effect on the trends in abortion, but rather it has benefited Spanish women by making abortion available locally and, therefore, reducing the inequalities implied by lack of access to proper health care services. These data demonstrate the impact of the liberalisation of abortion on the trends of procedures performed in other countries.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1986

Induced abortion and the chromosomal characteristics of subsequent miscarriages (spontaneous abortions).

Data from a case-control study of miscarriages (spontaneous abortions) were used to test whether single and multiple induced abortions are associated with miscarriage in subsequent euploid (chromosomally normal) pregnancies. Cases and controls were identified in three New York City hospitals between April 1974 and November 1982. It was hypothesized that, if induced abortion increased the risk of subsequent miscarriage, an association would be observed with euploid but not aneuploid (chromosomally abnormal) miscarriage. The frequencies of single and multiple induced abortions among euploid cases and aneuploid cases were compared with those among controls. Among both private and public patients, the proportion of women reporting a single induced abortion was similar in euploid cases and in aneuploid cases compared to controls. Among public patients only, the proportions reporting multiple induced abortions were also similar in euploid cases and in aneuploid cases compared to controls (odds ratios = 0.9 and 1.0, respectively). In contrast, among private patients, the proportion reporting multiple induced abortions was raised among euploid cases (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-3.7), although not among aneuploid cases. This association was strongest when the first induced abortion was carried out before 1973, at a young age, or with a procedure other than suction curettage. In public patients, the associations with miscarriage did not vary with characteristics of the first induced abortion, but multiple induced abortion histories when the first two induced abortions occurred before 1973 were in excess among euploid cases compared to controls. These results suggest that, for both private and public patients, neither single nor multiple induced abortions as now performed are likely to increase the risk of miscarriage in subsequent pregnancies. They also suggest a mechanical origin for some miscarriages.

Abortion, Induced↗