International Hospice Institute; Academy of Hospice Physicians--a vision for hospice.
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In the 18 months since the opening of a new Pediatric Surgery Clinical Department of the Pediatric Institute in Poznań, an artificial heart-lung apparatus for perfusions in children was developed in collaboration with the PONAR-WIEPOFAMA factory. During this time 40 cardiac operations were performed including 11 open heart procedures. Among 40 cases operated, 6 died; 3 after open heart operations: 1 tetralogy of Fallot, and 2 cases of VSD combined with PDA and pulmonic valve stenosis. 3 infants died after surgery undertaken in the presence of severe uncontrollable heart failure. The overall mortality was 15%.
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The conference was organized in Warsaw on the 14th of November 1997, by the Main Section of School Hygiene of the Polish Society of Hygiene. 202 people took part in the conference. They represented following institutions: a sanitary inspection, a health care service, academy institutes, pedagogical institutions, community councils. The purpose of the meeting was to point out and widespread local initiatives and ideas, appearing in various regions of Poland, that concern the following topics: 1: improvement of health conditions in schools, 2) improvement of conditions and realization's methods of increased number of physical training lessons in schools (a gradual increase from 3 hours a week at the present time to 5 in the year 2000), 3) providing actions to minimize the number of accidents among children and adolescents. There were panel discussions concerning the problems mentioned above. Many conclusions were formulated as the result of the discussion, out of which the most important are: ad 1) Maintaining the conditions of proper education demands cooperation between schools' headquarters and community councils and an initiative in seeking allies and sponsors. Examples of the activities of community councils to maintain proper safe and hygienic conditions in education should be propagated. These examples can be applied in another areas. ad 2) There is a dramatic shortage of facilities. Schools try to fulfil the increased requirements by: utilizing elements of natural environment, profiting from the spontaneous activity of children and parents, extending a traditional curriculum offered by new elements of physical culture. Increasing the number of physical training classes gives a chance to create social attitudes during these classes and health behaviour. ad 3) Accident risk in schools should be eliminated by carrying out a systematic many-sided and preventive activity. The coordination of actions should exist on all levels of local and national administration. In schools decisions concerning organizational solutions should be taken up, with the active involvement of headquarters, teachers, administrative workers and parents.
The Leningrad Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Science of the USSR, and Martsinovskiĭ Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, USSR Ministry of Health, developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with universal primer 3-2 for Leishmania identification. The primers were patented in the USSR (Patent No 4757254, 1989). Reference strains of three Leishmania species were identified: L. major--MRHO/SU/59/Neal P; L. gerbilli--MRHO/CN/60/gerbilli; L. turanica--MRHO/SU/80/Cl 3720 and MRHO/SU/83/KD 051. Each Leishmania species is specific and different in its PCR pattern whereas the two L. turanica strains have identical PCR patterns of the given primer.
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