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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Algeria. Study in Northern Algeria with description of five new variants.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was found in 3.2% of the male population living in the urban area of Algiers. The deficient subjects originated from multiple geographic regions of Northern Algeria, with prevalence of individuals of Berber-Kabyle origin. Red blood cell G6PD was partially purified and characterized in deficient males from 17 families, and six different variants were found. Among them, only one, the Gd(-) Kabyle variant, had been previously described. It was detected in nine families. The other five variants were new: Gd(-) Laghouat (four cases), Gd(-) Blida (one case), Gd(-) Thenia (one case), Gd(-) Titteri (one case), and Gd(-) Alger (two brothers). Strikingly, the common Mediterranean variant was not found. G6PD deficiency is heterogeneous in northern Algeria where autochtonous variants seem to prevail. The Kabyle variant may be common in this country.

Algeria↗
PubMed1992

[Newcastle disease in Algeria. Study of the pathogenic properties of Newcastle disease virus strains isolated in Algeria].

The Newcastle disease in Algeria: Study of pathogenic properties of the Newcastle disease viral strains isolated in Algeria. The study of pathogenic characters of 14 strains of Newcastle disease virus isolated from 1972 to 1982 was carried out: The following testS were realized: the mean lethal time for the chicken embryo, the pathogenic power index by intravenous way, the pathogenic power index by intracerebral way, the hemagglutination spectrum and the thermal stability of the hemagglutination. In short we can say that these isolated 14 strains are fast-growing.

Algeria↗
PubMed1983

[Epidemiology of bacillary dysentery in Algeria. I. The epidemiological aspects of dysentery in Algeria].

Bacterial dysentery plays an important role among infectious diseases in Algeria. A tendency to the growth of the morbidity rate has been observed. Dysentery is irregularly spread in different zones of the country. The highest morbidity rate is registered in the Sahara zone and in the eastern part of the country. The morbidity rate among the urban population is higher than among the rural population. S. flexneri prevail in the etiological structure of dysentery infection. Of all age groups, the highest morbidity rate is observed among children during the first 2 years of life. In recent years lethality varies between 2.9% and 7.5%. Patients are hospitalized mainly on the basis of clinical symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Cystic echinococcosis in Algeria: cattle act as reservoirs of a sheep strain and may contribute to human contamination.

In Algeria, cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious economic and public health problem. The common sheep/dog cycle is usually considered as the major source of human contamination. But to date the main strain of Echinococcus granulosus involved in the human contamination and the role of other hosts are still unknown. This paper reports an original work performed in northern Algeria combining field observations and molecular analysis. In a first step, examination of 6237 carcasses in slaughterhouses showed high infection and fertility rates in cattle and dromedaries. Then, in a second step, we used a molecular biology approach to identify the E. granulosus strain(s) involved. Forty-six samples from various origins were collected. They were analysed using comparison of PCR-amplified DNA sequences with one genomic (BG 1/3) and two mitochondrial (COI and NDI) targets. Results show the presence of a "sheep" strain of E. granulosus in North Algeria circulating between cattle and ovines and infectious to humans, whereas in South Algeria, a "camel" strain and a "sheep" strain were found to circulate in camels and in sheep, respectively. This study also reports an ambiguous genotype which resembled the "sheep" strain genotype (Gl) on the basis of the partial COI gene sequence, whereas on the basis of the partial NDI gene sequence, it was similar either to the "sheep" strain (Gl) or to the "camel" strain (G6). Besides its basic interest, our study confirms the role of other hosts (mainly cattle) in leading to transmission to humans and suggests that control measures should not only target sheep.

Algeria↗
PubMed1989

Course of psychosis in Algeria and in France: about 342 cases observed from 1975 to 1985.

The aim of this study was to compare the evolution of psychotic patients in Algeria and in France. In 1975, 105 patients were selected in Algeria and 237 in France. Ten years later, in 1985, all these patients were interviewed. In 1985, we investigated for each subject the evolution of the following parameters: sex, age, DSM-III axis 1 and 5, marital status, social welfare work, and treatment variables. Our results indicate that the improvement of the psychosocial adaptation (DSM-III axis 5) is slightly better in Algeria than in France. Medical and social support seems to be quantitatively less important in Algeria.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Edmond Sergent (1876-1969) and the Pasteur Institute of Algeria].

Edmond Sergent, supported by a distinguished team of colleagues, directed the Pasteur Institute of Algeria for over 60 years, from 1900 to 1963. As a student of Emile Roux, Sergent had received a Pasteurian training. His institute devoted extensive study to malaria. Sergent defined the concept of prevention and extended it to other pathologies. For many years, the Institute persevered in carrying out successful antimalarial campaigns such that Algeria was freed of the disease. In 1916-1917, Sergent and his brother were called upon to organise anti-malarial efforts for the Armée d'Orient. By way of systematic and energetic curative and prophylactic measures, they were able to eradicate the disease. In 1908, the Sergent brothers were the first to discover the role of the louse in the transmission of another disease, relapsing fever. The Pasteur Institute team also discovered the sand fly vector which transmits the parasite causing leishmaniasis. The Sergents found a new form of oculonasal myiasis, called "Thimni". In addition, they led effective campaigns against tuberculosis based on BCG vaccination administered throughout Algeria. The Pasteur Institute of Algeria conducted important research in plant and animal diseases. For example, they detected a trypanosome agent causing dromedary "debab", as well as its vector, the horsefly. They also studied in depth bovine piroplasmosis, which causes widespread and destructive disease, and demonstrated the role of the tick in promoting transmission generally. Their work in botany included the discovery that a Fusarium-type fungus was the causal agent for "baïoudh", the main disease of date palms. They also demonstrated the basic role of the fruit fly in alcoholic grape fermentation.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2006

[Urinary stones in Western Algeria: study of the composition of 1,354 urinary stones in relation to their anatomical site and the age and gender of the patients].

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of urinary stones runs parallel with the socioeconomic and health level of populations. Few data are currently available concerning the characteristics of urinary stones in Algeria. Based on our recruitment of stones derived from the main teaching hospital urology departments of Western Algeria, we defined the stone profile in this region of North Africa and its changes in relation to previous data. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A series of 1,354 stones derived from urology departments in Western Algeria was studied by IRTF spectroscopy. Analysis of the results concerned the crystalline composition and anatomical site of the stones and the age and gender of the patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Conventional surgery is the method of extraction most frequently used with 79.7% of operations contre 0.2% for extracorporeal lithotripsy. The male/female ratio has remained almost constant at 2.23. The anatomical site has changed with a predominance in the upper tract (77.4% of stones). The proportions of whewellite and weddellite have increased compared to our first series, from 48.1% to 50.3% and 13.1% to 16.7%, respectively, while phosphates decreased from 24.4% to 16.7%. The presence of struvite has not decreased over recent years, as 28.8% of stones contain this type of crystal. Anhydrous uric acid has slightly increased to 8.8% versus 6.2%. The proportions of ammonium urate and cystine have not changed (1.8% and 0.7%, respectively), but ammonium urate forms is less frequently the nucleus of stones than previously (2% versus 5.89%). The study of the nucleus showed that phosphates are predominant in 48.6% of cases versus 35.6% for oxalates. Carbapatite and struvite are more frequent in women, found in 50.8% and 6.7% of cases, respectively, than in man, found in 44.6% and 3.7% of cases, respectively. Calcium oxalate is predominantly found in the upper urinary tract (70.9%) rather than in the bladder (48.3%), regardless of gender. Calcium phosphate is more abundant in the upper tract of females with 23.7% of cases versus 10.7% in the bladder. It is equally distributed between the bladder and the upper tract in males (13.7% and 13.2%, respectively). Examination of the side affected by stones showed a predominance of the left side in both sexes. CONCLUSION: Analysis of these data shows that urinary stones in Western Algeria are tending to evolve in the same direction as in industrialized countries, but urinary tract infection remais a frequent cause of stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cervical carcinoma in Algiers, Algeria: human papillomavirus and lifestyle risk factors.

We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Algiers, Algeria. A total of 198 cervical carcinoma (CC) cases (including 15 adeno- and adenosquamous carcinomas) and 202 age-matched control women were included. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical cells was evaluated using a PCR assay. Odds ratios and corresponding confidence intervals were computed by means of unconditional multiple logistic regression models. HPV infection was detected in 97.7% of CC cases and 12.4% of control women (OR = 635). Nineteen different HPV types were found. HPV 16 was the most common type in both CC cases and control women, followed by HPV 18 and 45. Twelve types (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 66 and 73) were found as single infections in CC cases. Multiple HPV infections did not show a higher odds ratio for CC than single infections. In addition to HPV infection, husband's extramarital sexual relationships with other women (OR = 4.8) or prostitutes (OR = 3.2), residing in a rural environment for most of one's life (OR = 4.9) and indicators of poor sanitation or poor hygiene were the strongest risk factors for CC. Oral contraceptive use was unrelated to CC risk, while multiparity emerged as a significant risk factor after adjustment for sexual habits. Intrauterine device users showed a lower CC risk than nonusers. The role of major risk factors, except inside toilet, was confirmed in the analysis restricted to HPV-positive women. The distribution of HPV types in CC cases and control women in Algeria is more similar to the one found in Europe than the one in sub-Saharan Africa, where HPV 16 is less prevalent. A vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 may be effective in more than 3/4 of CCs in Algeria.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Fulminant viral hepatitis and pregnancy in Algeria and France.

The relationship between fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) and pregnancy was compared in Algeria and France. This comparison was based on the study of 22 Algerian and 77 French pregnant and non-pregnant women, aged 15 to 49 years, consecutively admitted for FVH to the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Constantine, Algeria, or to Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France. The observed and expected (calculated from demographic data) percentage of pregnant women was significantly different among the Algerian patients with FVH (45.5% v. 24.9%, P less than 0.03), but not among the French patients (3.9% v. 5.8%). Hepatitis A was the cause of FVH in none of the Algerian patients, but in eight French patients, none of whom was pregnant. Hepatitis B was the cause of FVH in one non-pregnant Algerian patient and in 49 French patients, two of whom (4.1%) were pregnant. Hepatitis non-A, non-B was the cause of FVH in 21 Algerian patients, ten of whom (47.6%, a percentage significantly higher than expected, P less than 0.04) were pregnant, and in 19 French patients, one of whom (5.3%, a percentage similar to that expected) was pregnant. In conclusion, (1) there is a relationship between FVH and pregnancy in Algeria, but not in France, and (2) this difference is mainly or exclusively attributable to infection with a non-A, non-B virus affecting the Algerian population, but which is much less common or absent in France.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Imperialism, colonial identity, and race in Algeria, 1830-1870. The role of the French Medical Corps.

During the military administration of Algeria, which lasted for forty years, the foundation of the French colony was laid. Indispensable to the military in Algeria was its sizable medical corps. While the ostensible reason for its presence was to maintain the soldiers' health and thus the army's efficiency, it role extended beyond this primary objective. Starting from the intellectual and political influences that shaped the training in France of the members of the medical corps, this essay examines the ways in which they contributed to the creation of a French colonial space in Algeria. It traces how their involvement in the intellectual, cultural, and political life of the colony enabled them both to further their own ambitions and to influence wider developments. It explores how colonial physicians and surgeons, deemed to be among the most efficient agents of the civilizing mission owing to their humane contacts with the indigenous population, in fact contributed to that population's categorization and marginalization.

Algeria↗
PubMed2006

High diversity of HIV type 1 in Algeria.

We have sequenced different genes of HIV-1 strains from infected individuals recruited in various geographic parts of Algeria; phylogenetic trees were constructed yielding molecular characterization of these strains. Subtype B accounts for 56% of the samples studied and is therefore the predominant subtype, particularly in the north part of the country; but there is a high diversity of the virus including CRF02_AG, CRF06_cpx, CRF02/CRF06 interrecombinants, and different other intersubtype and/or inter-CRF recombinants. The prevalence of these non-B viruses increases in the south part of Algeria that borders sub-Saharan African countries. The high diversity of HIV-1 in Algeria has implications for virological follow-up, resistance surveys, and vaccine design.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiological and aetiological study on tinea pedis and onychomycosis in Algeria.

Epidemiological studies on tinea pedis and onychomycosis, common fungal infections, have been conducted in many parts of the world. There are currently no studies of tinea pedis and/or onychomycosis in Algeria. The aim of this paper was to study the epidemiology of foot diseases, including tinea pedis and onychomycosis and to identify the aetiological factors of these infections in outpatients attending the Department of Dermatology of the Central Hospital of Army in Algiers, Algeria. A total of 1300 male subjects, mean age 35.9 +/- 16 years (range: 16-80) were recruited during the period November 2003 to November 2004 and were clinically examined. A complete dermatological examination was performed on all subjects, and skin and nail specimens of the feet were taken from those patients presenting signs of tinea pedis and/or onychomycosis for microscopy and fungal culture. Clinical diagnosis for tinea pedis and onychomycosis was suspected in 249 and 72 subjects, respectively, and confirmed in 197 and 60 cases, respectively, by positive cultures, resulting in a global prevalence of tinea pedis and toenail onychomycosis of 15% and 4.6% respectively. The age groups most commonly infected were 50-59 and 20-29 years. The yeast species Candida parapsilosis and the dermatophytic species Trichophyton rubrum were shown to be the most common pathogens in both tinea pedis (C. parapsilosis 20.4%; T. rubrum 17%) and onychomycosis (T. rubrum 35%; C. parapsilosis 28.3%). This is the first investigation dealing with fungal foot diseases in Algeria. The clinical and epidemiological data collected would serve as reference for future research and may be useful in the development of preventive and educational strategies.

Adolescent↗