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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Prenatal diagnosis of a placental cyst: comparison of postnatal biochemical analyses of cyst fluid, amniotic fluid, cord serum, and maternal serum.

A 4 x 4 cm placental cyst was diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography. At delivery, simultaneous samples of cyst fluid, amniotic fluid, cord blood, and maternal blood (collected 3 hours before delivery) were obtained. Biochemical measurements of cyst fluid, amniotic fluid, cord serum, and maternal serum suggest that the solutes of cyst fluid do not originate exclusively from a single source. In addition, X-cell synthesis and secretion into the cyst fluid may occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in human blood, urine, spinal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva, and gastric juice.

TRH immunoreactivity levels were measured in human blood, urine, saliva, spinal fluid, amniotic fluid and gastric juice. Urinary TRH excretion during a 48-h period was measured in 11 healthy persons. Blood and urinary TRH immunoreactivity were measured at 2 and 5 h, respectively, after administration of 40 mg of TRH. All the samples were prepurified by SP-Sephadex-C-25 cation-exchange chromatography and subjected to reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). TRH immunoreactivity levels were then measured by our TRH radioimmunoassay. The TRH immunoreactivity (TRH-ir) levels found in urine were 14.6 +/- 2.5 pmol/l; in blood 7.5 +/- 2.0 pmol/l; in spinal fluid 2.8 +/- 1.4 pmol/l, and in gastric juice 23.2 +/- 7.1 pmol/l. In all of the amniotic fluid and saliva samples, in almost one half of the blood and spinal fluid samples, and in almost one third of the gastric juice samples, TRH-ir was below the detectable limit. In blood and urine samples taken after oral administration of TRH, TRH-ir was eluted at the same time as synthetic TRH. The recovery of synthetic TRH added to the samples ranged from 36 to 99%. In all of the biological fluid samples, endogenous TRH-ir was eluted at the same time in HPLC, at 15-18 min, as was synthetic TRH which had been added to the samples. Urine was found to contain two TRH immunoreactive peaks, the second of which was eluted at the same time as synthetic TRH. No diurnal variation in urinary TRH excretion or TRH-ir levels was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Clinical significance of amniotic fluid, amniotic membranes, and endometrial biopsy cultures at the time of cesarean section.

When we compared amniotic fluid and amniotic membranes, as a source of organisms at the time of cesarean section, amniotic membranes proved to be superior. During labor, intact membranes do not protect the amniotic cavity from contamination with pathogenic anaerobes and commensals. Ruptured membranes in the presence of prolonged labor predisposes the amniotic cavity to contamination with pathogenic anaerobes, commensals, and pathogenic aerobes. Cultures of the endometrial biopsy specimens taken from the site of incision at the time of cesarean section showed the presence of pathogens in 50% of the women with prolonged labor and ruptured membranes.

Amnion↗
PubMed1979

Distribution of alpha 1-fetoprotein in fetal plasma, allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid and maternal plasma of cows.

Maximal concentrations of AFP, measured by RIA, were obtained in fetal plasma and amniotic and allantoic fluid between the 3rd and 4th month of gestation, with levels declining thereafter until term. AFP values in maternal plasma were unchanged. Throughout gestation, AFP values were higher in allantoic than in amniotic fluid and the ratio of allantoic fluid/amniotic fluid AFP was significantly correlated with gestational age.

Allantois↗
PubMed1985

Immunoreactive SOD-1 in amniotic fluid, amniotic cells and fibroblasts from trisomy 21 fetus.

Copper superoxide dismutase (Cu-SOD or SOD-1) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in amniotic cells and fluid as well as in fetal trisomy 21 fibroblasts. The significant increase of the SOD-1 activity observed in amniotic cells and fetal trisomy 21 fibroblasts demonstrates the early physiopathogenic expression of the supernumerary chromosome 21 in affected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Correlation of subjective assessment of amniotic fluid with amniotic fluid index.

We assessed the correlation between abnormal amniotic fluid volumes as defined by the two techniques of (1) subjective evaluation and (2) the amniotic fluid index. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume was conducted on 420 pregnant women with known gestational age greater than twenty weeks but less than 42 weeks. Amniotic fluid was evaluated subjectively and placed into one of three categories: normal, oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios. After fetal biometry was performed, the amniotic fluid volume was assessed semi-quantitatively by the amniotic fluid index technique and assigned to similar categories. We analyzed the data with 2 x 2 contingency tables, using amniotic fluid index as the 'gold standard test'. Our study demonstrates that there was moderate agreement (kappa.5) between both amniotic fluid techniques in the identification of oligohydramnios. However, agreement between the techniques was poor for the identification of polyhydramnios (kappa.16).

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

Vitamin A and retinol-binding protein in amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid and serum samples that had been obtained from mothers at 10 to 33 wk of gestation were analyzed for retinol and retinol-binding protein. No difference was found in serum retinol with advancing gestation. The concentration of retinol in amniotic fluid from 20 wk onward was significantly greater than at 16 to 18 wk. No esters of retinol and no carotenoids were detected in amniotic fluid. Serum and amniotic fluid samples from the same mothers were significantly correlated for retinol (p less than 0.02). Retinol-binding protein, detected by radial immunodiffusion, was found in amniotic fluid in molar excess of, and significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated with, retinol in amniotic fluid. Retinol in amniotic fluid obtained at 16 to 18 wk from pregnancies that ended in anencephaly or other congenital defects ranged from 2.3 to 18.0 micrograms/dl. The range of amniotic fluid values in abnormal pregnancy precludes using retinol or retinol-binding protein as a marker in prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

The effect of transferrin and lysozyme on antibacterial activity of amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid obtained from normal full term gestation inhibited the growth of E. coli, Staph. aureus and B. subtilis, while Ps. aeruginosa, Str. faecalis and Str. agalactiae proliferated readily in amniotic fluid. But when amniotic fluid was heated at 100 degrees C for 5 minutes, its antibacterial activity was completely lost. The levels of transferrin and lysozyme in amniotic fluid at term were determined to be 29.1 +/- 17.6 mg/100 ml (n = 90) and 19.1 +/- 8.3 micrograms/ml (n = 145), respectively. Antibacterial activity against E. coli was restored by adding transferrin into heat-treated amniotic fluid at a concentration of 250 mg/100 ml or higher, but simultaneous addition of transferrin and sufficient concentration of iron to form a transferrin-iron complex resulted in the loss of antibacterial activities. When lysozyme was added to the amniotic fluid, which had lost its antibacterial activity through exposure to heat, the antibacterial effect on B. subtilis was restored. The growth of Staph. aureus in heat-treated amniotic fluid was inhibited by the concomitant addition of lysozyme and aminobenzyl penicillin.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Inhibitors of fibrinolysis in amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid inhibited the fibrinolytic, amidolytic and esterolytic activity of urokinase. Kinetic studies with AGLMe demonstrated non-competitive inhibition. A major part of the inhibitory activity could be separated from alpha 1-antitrypsin by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Plasminogen activator prepared from porcine heart was not inhibited by amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid also inhibited the caseinolytic and amidolytic activities of plasmin.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

E. coli growth inhibition by amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid samples were collected aseptically from 29 normal pregnancies, between the 38th and 41st week of gestation and checked for sterility in the laboratory, in order to investigate in vitro the effect of the liquor on the growth of E. coli. Brain Heart Infusion (B.H.I.) and Ringer solution were used as controls. E. coli cultures were inoculated in amniotic fluid, B.H.I., Ringer solution and amniotic fluid plus B.H.I. and incubated at 37degreesC for 48 hours. At 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of incubation, surface viable counts were performed to estimate the number of E. coli viable cells. The growth of E. coli in B.H.I. started furing the 1st hours after inoculation and continued over 48 hours; in Ringer solution the mean growth curve and almost identical to that of B.H.I. In amniotic fluid the growth of E. coli began from the 1st hour of inoculation but the growth curve was much lower, became static in 24 hours and a permanent inhibition was observed thereafter. The addition of a small amount of B.H.I. in amniotic fluid enhanced the growth of E. coli, but the growth curve was lower in comparison to the curves of the two controls studied. In conclusion, after 48 hours of inoculation in amniotic fluid, 26 of the 29 cases showed bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity of the liquor upon the growth of E. coli.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1997

Detection of novel molecules recognized by anti-placental lactogen antibody in rat amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid contains various bioactive substances including the placental PRL family. In the present study, it was elucidated that rat amniotic fluid contained immunoreactive proteins which had different molecular sizes and pI values from the authentic placental lactogens (PLs) in the rat, recognized by antipeptide antibody to the N-terminal peptide of rat PL-I. Immunoreactive PLs residing in the amniotic fluid were characterized further by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (2DE), immunoblotting and anion-exchange chromatography. Amniotic fluid collected from rats on day 12 of pregnancy contained two PL-like molecules, tentatively called A1 (MW 75 kDa, pI 4.6) and A2 (MW 99-102 kDa, pI 5.3-5.4). A1 and A2 are specific to the amniotic fluid, because no such molecules were found in the serum or placental extracts. Immunoblot analysis of amniotic fluid revealed that A1 levels increased, whereas those of A2 decreased to an undetectable level up to day 16 of pregnancy. When the A1 concentrations from days 12 to 20 were monitored intensively, they increased from day 12 to 14, were maintained until day 18, and then decreased dramatically by day 20. The expression pattern for A1 was therefore completely different from those of authentic placental PRL family members found in serum and placental tissue, indicating that the A1 is distinct from them. Partial purification by anion-exchange chromatography and 2DE revealed that A1 consisted of 5 isoforms.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1994

Tubular proteins and enzyme content in the amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid is the product of many substances and fetal urine is considered to be one of the principal components. Only a few reports have been published describing the concentration of microglobulins and urinary enzymes in the amniotic fluid. We determined the levels of alpha 1-m, beta 2-m, AAP and NAG, in 154 samples of amniotic fluid (103 early determinations and 51 late determinations) as a function of gestational age. We observed a statistically significant decrease in concentration of alpha 1-m (P < 0.001), beta 2-m (P < 0.01) and AAP (P < 0.001) when early and late amniotic fluid samples were compared. A statistically significant increase of NAG (P < 0.01) and creatinine (P < 0.01) was also found. A significant correlation was observed between alpha 1-m and beta 2-m, and between AAP and NAG, respectively. The potential role of urinary enzyme and microglobulin determination in amniotic fluid as an index of fetal kidney development, is discussed.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia by simultaneous radioimmunoassay of 21-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid levels of 21-deoxycortisol (21-DOF) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were measured in 49 pregnancies, including 31 pregnancies at risk for CAH. The results were compared with those obtained by HLA typing and linkage analysis to a HLA DNA probe. The mean amniotic fluid levels in the control pregnancies were 0.28 nmol/L for 21-DOF and 4.1 nmol/L for 17-OHP. The levels were similar in early and midpregnancy for 21-DOF (0.29 vs. 0.27 nmol/L) and 17-OHP (3.4 vs. 4.2 nmol/L). The amniotic fluid 21-DOF level was 1.75 nmol/L in affected pregnancies, significantly higher than in the control pregnancies (mean, 0.28 nmol/L). The mean amniotic fluid 17-OHP level in the affected pregnancies (30.5 nmol/L) also was significantly higher than that in the control pregnancies (4.10 nmol/L). Simultaneous measurement of 21-DOF and 17-OHP levels in amniotic fluid from 10-18 weeks of gestation can be used for early diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1981

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in human amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid samples obtained from normal pregnancies during gestation were used to quantitate the levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity. It is concluded that: (1) PEPCK activity was highest in the amniotic fluid cells of midtrimester pregnancies as compared to those of pregnancies close to term; (2) the activity of PEPCK seen in the amniotic fluid supernatant was about one fourth to one half of that seen in the amniotic cells; (3) the amniotic fluid supernatant PEPCK activity fluctuated very little during the entire gestation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of prolactin from human amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid, obtained from women at term, was centrifuged and concentrated by ultrafiltration. The concentrated amniotic fluid was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and ion-exchanged chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The fractions obtained during purification procedures were assayed for prolactin and somatotropin activities by respective radioimmunoassays. The prolactin-rich fraction obtained from ion-exchange chromatography was further purified by isoelectric focusing. A yield of 0.21 mg of highly pruified prolactin containing 40 units/mg was obtained from 1 liter of the amniotic fluid. The prolactin was free of somatotropin and human placental lactogen.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

Candida antibodies in amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid samples were tested for specific immunoglobulins against Candida albicans by indirect immunofluorescence. Nineteen of the 23 samples tested contained specific IgA while specific IgG antibodies were detected in only seven samples (P less than 0.01). None of the samples contained specific anticandidal IgM (P less than 0.001). These 23 samples and a further 30 amniotic fluid samples were tested for Candida mannan antigen by latex agglutination. Mannan was not detected in any of the samples tested. It is concluded that anticandidal IgA in amniotic fluid is naturally occurring.

Amniotic Fluid↗