PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ANTERIOR CHAMBER”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Diurnal variation in the dimensions of the anterior chamber.

Anterior chamber depth and volume were measured photogrammetrically on a diurnal basis in 38 eyes from 21 normal subjects. Significant diurnal variation in anterior chamber dimensions was demonstrated. Anterior chamber depth and volume measurements were significantly lower in the evening than in the morning, with particular emphasis on the periphery of the anterior chamber. Axial depth decreased by 2.1%; peripheral depth, by 21.1%; and anterior chamber volume, by 5.7%.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Effects of atropine on anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber inflammation after primary trabeculectomy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of postoperative atropine on central and peripheral anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber inflammation in patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy. METHODS: Two separate groups of patients who were phakic without previous intraocular surgery undergoing primary trabeculectomy were prospectively randomized to atropine or no atropine. In the first group of patients, 24 eyes of 21 patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy were prospectively randomized to atropine or no atropine, and their anterior chamber depth was measured. Central and peripheral chamber depths were measured using the EAS-1000 anterior segment analysis system (Nidek, Tokyo, Japan) before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30. In the second group, 34 patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy were prospectively randomized to atropine or no atropine, and their anterior chamber reaction was documented. The amount of cells and flare was measured using the Kowa laser flare meter (FM-500) and cell counter (LC-500) (Kowa Electronics and Optics, Tokyo, Japan) preoperatively and on postoperative day 1, 7, and 30. RESULTS: Compared with preoperative measurements, a small (approximately 0.1 mm) but statistically significant deepening of the central and peripheral anterior chamber depth on days 1, 7, 14, and 30 was found in patients who used atropine. In the nonatropine group, no statistically significant change was found in central or peripheral anterior chamber depths at any time as compared with preoperative values. There was no statistically significant difference in the cell or flare counts between the atropine and nonatropine groups at any time. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a small but statistically significant deepening of the anterior chamber with atropine. No statistically significant differences were observed in the cell or flare counts between atropine and nonatropine groups. Routine atropine use after trabeculectomy may not be necessary to reduce postoperative complications, such as shallowing of the anterior chamber or anterior chamber inflammation. In patients with a shallow anterior chamber, however, atropine would be expected to deepen the chamber.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of anterior chamber maintainer on anterior chamber contamination.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of anterior chamber continuous infusion maintainer system on the contamination of anterior chamber in phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS: Clear corneal phacoemulsification surgery was performed in 132 eyes of 132 randomly selected patients with cataract who were divided into two groups of 66 eyes according to the use of an anterior chamber maintainer (ACM) system. The fluid specimens were taken from anterior chamber in the beginning and at the end of the surgery. They were transferred under anaerobic conditions and investigated by culturing onto blood agar and thiogluconate broth media. Differences between the two groups with respect to contamination of the specimens were investigated. RESULTS: The mean age of the group undergoing surgery without a maintainer system (Group A) was 63 +/- 10 years (min = 41, max = 80) versus 59 +/- 10 years (min = 33, max = 80) in the other group (Group B) in which the maintainer was used during surgery. In the postoperative specimen, Micrococcus species were isolated from one eye (1.5%) in Group A and S. pyogenes in one eye (1.5%) from Group B. Mean follow-up interval was 12 +/- 6 (min = 4, max = 28) months. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ACM system in clear corneal phacoemulsification surgery carries no additional risks as far as contamination is concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Measurement of the internal diameter and depth of the anterior chamber: IOLMaster versus anterior chamber optical coherence tomographer.

PURPOSE: To study the internal diameter of the anterior chamber (AC), which remains a relatively subjective procedure dominated by the white-to-white technique, evaluated with a compass or using anterior segment photographs. In vivo dimensions of the AC were studied with an optical coherence tomographer (AC OCT) prototype. SETTING: Clinique Monticelli, Marseilles, France. METHODS: The dimensions in 107 normal eyes that had never had surgery were studied with the IOLMaster and AC OCT. RESULTS: The mean anterior chamber depth was 3.53 mm +/- 0.35 (SD) with the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss, Medictec) and 3.64 +/- 0.33 mm with the AC OCT (Carl Zeiss, Medictec). The mean horizontal diameter of the AC was 12.12 +/- 0.44 mm with the IOLMaster and 12.20 +/- 0.44 mm with the AC OCT. With the AC OCT, the anterior chamber's horizontal and vertical diameter could be evaluated; in 74% of the observed eyes, the vertical diameter was larger by at least 100 mum than the horizontal diameter. DISCUSSION: The AC OCT has better reproducibility than the IOLMaster for evaluating the depth or internal diameter of the anterior chamber. This study showed that in 74% of cases, the AC was an oval with a larger vertical axis, which provides evidence of the value of the OCT preoperative examinations for phakic intraocular lens implantation.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1998

Epithelial ingrowth of anterior chamber and anterior surface of vitreous.

This study is a case report of the histopathologic findings of the anterior chamber epithelial ingrowth in a patient who had penetrating injury in the right eye from an arrow approximately 20 years ago. The patient underwent the enucleation in the right eye due to pthisis bulbi and was fitted with a prosthetic eye. Specimens were prepared from the enucleated right eye for histopathologic observation using hematoxyllin-eosin to be observed under light microscopy. Epithelial ingrowth in the anterior chamber was noted in one layer or multi-layered epithelial cell growth. The ingrowth had spread to the posterior surface of the cornea to the anterior chamber angle, to the iris surface, and to the anterior surface of the vitreous. The finding suggests that epithelial ingrowth could invade even through a perforation site and spread wherever the cells could reach.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Novel approach for anterior chamber angle analysis: anterior chamber angle detection with edge measurement and identification algorithm (ACADEMIA).

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel approach to measuring anterior chamber angle dimensions and configurations. METHODS: Sixty-nine images were selected randomly from the ultrasound biomicroscopic image database to develop the algorithm. Thirty images were selected for further analyses. The value of each pixel of the 8-bit grayscale ultrasound biomicroscopic images was quantized into 0 (black) or 1 (white), and the edge points outlining the angle were detected and fitted with straight lines. The dimensions and profiles of anterior chamber angles were then measured. RESULTS: The algorithm failed to identify the edge points correctly in 8 (11.6%) of 69 images because of strong background noise. Three basic types of angle configuration were identified based on the derived angle profiles: constant, increasing, and decreasing, which corresponded to flat, bowed forward, and bowed backward iris contours, respectively. The angle measurements demonstrated high correlation with trabecular-iris angle and angle opening distance 500 (calculated as the distance from the corneal endothelium to the anterior iris surface perpendicular to a line drawn at 500 mum from the scleral spur). The strongest association was found between the averaged angle derived from the angle profile and the angle opening distance 500 (r = 0.91). CONCLUSION: The proposed algorithm has high correlations with angle opening distance and trabecular-iris angle with the added advantages of being fully automated, reproducible, and able to capture the characteristic angle configurations. However, good-quality ultrasound biomicroscopic images with high signal-to-noise ratio are required to identify the edge points correctly.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

[The postoperative change of depth of anterior chamber, refraction and anterior capsulorhexis size after intraocular lens implantation].

We evaluated postoperative shrinkage of anterior capsule, depth of anterior chamber, and refraction in 161 eyes, on which we performed continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and phacoemulsification, and then implanted an intraocular lens in the capsular bag. We measured the depth of anterior chamber, anterior capsulorhexis size, contact surface with intraocular lens, and quantity and rate of anterior capsular shrinkage on the basis of anterior segment photographs before the operation, and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation. After operation the depth of the anterior chamber deepened gradually, anterior capsulorhexis size narrowed, and refraction tended to hyperopia. There was a correlation in anterior chamber depth and anterior capsulorhexis size between preoperative and postoperative values but no correlation in refraction. The depth of the anterior chamber was dependent on the degree of anterior capsular shrinkage. There was a correlation between the depth of anterior chamber and the degree of anterior capsular shrinkage.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Use of the anterior chamber maintainer in anterior segment surgery.

Over a 12 month period, we used the anterior chamber maintainer (ACM) in cataract surgery in 258 patients; ages ranged from 15 to 95 years (mean 73 years). Surgery was performed using general or local anesthesia. The procedures were standard extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), mini-nuc ECCE, vectis extraction of the endonucleus, manual phacofragmentation, phacoemulsification, phacotrabeculectomy, repositioning the IOL, and anterior segment revision. We recorded our subjective assessment of the degree of anterior chamber (AC) maintenance and control of the position of the posterior capsule during surgery. We also kept clinical notes of the practical aspects of the procedures. The AC was well maintained in all patients throughout the surgery; posterior position of the posterior capsule was maintained during irrigation/aspiration. Five patients required the use of a viscoelastic agent at some stage. Our subjective assessment is that use of the ACM increased surgical control of the anterior chamber depth and position of the posterior capsule during surgery. Provided that it is used correctly, the ACM may offer increased safety during anterior segment surgery and require less use of viscoelastic agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Smith-method assessment of anterior chamber depth for screening for narrow anterior chamber angles.

PURPOSE: To compare the axial anterior chamber depth (ACD) using the Smith method, in patients under treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), with an age-matched control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Triplicate just-touching-slit-length (JTSL) measurements of the axial anterior chamber depth were determined in 198 eyes of 99 patients (39 control; 36 POAG; and 24 PACG) recruited from King Saud University clinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Goldmann tonometry and gonioscopy were carried out as a part of the patient's routine examination. Subjects with a history of intraocular surgery for glaucoma or any other anterior segment disease were excluded form the study. The average ACD estimate by the JTSL method were compared among the various groups. RESULTS: The average JTSL estimates were: Control group 2.33+/-0.68 mm (axial ACD estimate = JTSL estimate x 1.4); POAG group 1.98+/-0.97 mm; PACG group 0.65+/-0.41 mm. There was no significant reduction (P = 0.068) of the JTSL estimate in the POAG group, compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) reduction of the JTSL estimate in the PACG group, compared to both the control and POAG groups. CONCLUSION: The Smith-method JTSL technique may be used for non-invasive rapid screening, to help identify patients at risk of developing angle-closure, during routine examination of patients in the ophthalmology clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Reconstruction of the anterior chamber in posttraumatic epithelial ingrowths and epithelial anterior chamber cysts].

The pathology of penetrating injuries of the cornea and corneal-scleral area with the ingrowth of epithelium and formation of anterior chamber cysts is characterized by polymorphism and can be defined by two main kinds: 1) plane ingrowth of epithelium along the posterior surface of the cornea involving the iris and the lens, and partially or totally obliterating the anterior chamber; 2) formation of cysts with a locked cavity and clear content. In 42 patients with epithelial ingrowths as a result of penetrating injuries of the cornea and corneal-scleral area, the following kinds of interventions were used: 1) transplantation of posterior layers of the cornea with dissection of epithelial growth; 2) dissection of anterior chamber cysts; 3) cystectomy; 4) dissection of the cite of epithelial ingrowth by means of corneal transplantation with removal of the cyst or reconstruction of the anterior chamber. Immediate and remote results of surgical treatment, complications in various forms of the mentioned pathology are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis of anterior chamber metastasis by serologic marker found during anterior chamber paracentesis.

A 29-year-old man developed anterior uveitis unresponsive to intensive topical and systemic therapy. He had recently completed a course of chemotherapy with apparent response and resolution of metastasis from a mixed germ cell tumor (embryonal carcinoma and seminoma). Anterior chamber paracentesis was nondiagnostic on two occasions for metastatic cells. At the time of his second paracentesis a tumor marker, human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit, was used to confirm the diagnosis of anterior chamber metastasis to the eye.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparison between newly developed scanning peripheral anterior chamber depth analyzer and conventional methods of evaluating anterior chamber configuration.

PURPOSE: To compare the newly developed scanning peripheral anterior chamber depth analyzer (SPAC) with the Van Herick technique, the Shaffer grading system, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), in terms of accuracy of measurement of peripheral anterior chamber depth (ACD). METHODS: The subjects were well-controlled glaucoma patients who were being treated at the University of Yamanashi Hospital. Ten eyes from each of the 4 groups classified as Shaffer grades 1 to 4 were evaluated by SPAC, the Van Herick technique, and UBM. All measurements were performed independently on the temporal side in a masked fashion. SPAC evaluated ACD consecutively from the pupil center to the limbus at 0.4 mm intervals. UBM measurements were carried out at a depth of 500 mum (angle-opening distance 500) from the scleral spur. A dummy eye was used for evaluating SPAC measurement accuracy. RESULTS: The results of SPAC measurement were well correlated with those of the Van Herick technique and the Shaffer grading system. The SPAC measurement results were also significantly correlated with angle-opening distance 500. The correlation coefficients at distances of 2, 4, 4.8, and 5.6 mm from the pupil center were r=0.68, 0.69, 0.69, and 0.61, respectively, and the P values of all the correlations were less than 0.0001. Study of the dummy eye revealed that SPAC has high accuracy for measuring ACD and that the coefficient variances were less than 1.0% at all measured points. CONCLUSIONS: The results of SPAC measurement correlate well with those of the conventional methods.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Vitrectomy instrumentation for surgical evacuation of total anterior chamber hyphema and control of recurrent anterior chamber hemorrhage.

A patient with recurrent bleeding during hyphema extraction with the O'Malley ocutome was treated by elevation of the intraocular pressure to 50 mm Hg for 5 minutes with fluid from the infusing needle. When intraocular pressure was returned to normal, there was cessation of bleeding and postoperatively the anterior chamber remained free of blood. Elevation of intraocular pressure is offered as an initial alternative to air injection or cyclodiathermy for control of bleeding during hyphema extraction.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Retinoblastoma with anterior chamber extension.

Anterior chamber retinoblastoma is a rare clinical entity. The authors have reviewed the records of 1500 patients with retinoblastoma to determine the incidence and prognostic ramifications. Of 30 patients with anterior chamber involvement, 15 were noted on initial examination and 15 during observation after therapy. Despite aggressive multimodality treatment, total response was never achieved and all eyes were eventually lost. Results of pathologic examination showed ciliary body invasion, which was held accountable for the poor response to therapy. Anterior chamber retinoblastoma is a poor prognostic sign which cannot be controlled effectively with current techniques and should be considered an indication for enucleation without delay.

Child↗