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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Heart rate is a marker of amiodarone mortality reduction in severe heart failure. The GESICA-GEMA Investigators. Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina-Grupo de Estudios Multicéntricos en Argentina.

OBJECTIVES: The impact of amiodarone on mortality in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) (New York Heart Association functional classes II [advanced], III and IV; left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%) In the Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA) trial was analyzed in relation to initial mean baseline heart rate (BHR) and its change after 6 months of follow-up. BACKGROUND: Trials of amiodarone therapy in CHF have produced discordant results, suggesting that the effect is not uniform in all patient subgroups with regard to survival. METHODS: The present analysis was carried out in 516 patients randomized to receive amiodarone, 300 mg/day (n = 260), or nonantiarrhythmic therapy (n = 256, control group) and followed up for 2 years. Survival was evaluated for patients with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min (control: n = 132; amiodarone: n = 122) and < 90 beats/min (control: n = 124; amiodarone: n = 138). Survival was also analyzed according to heart rate reduction at 6 months for 367 patients. RESULTS: For patients with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min, amiodarone therapy reduced mortality to 38.4% compared with 62.4% in control patients (relative risk [RR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35 to 0.95, p < 0.002). Both sudden death (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.90, p < 0.02) and progressive heart failure death (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.03, p < 0.06) were reduced, and functional capacity was improved. In patients with a BHR < 90 beats/min, amiodarone did not alter survival. Among 367 patients who completed 6 months of follow-up, amiodarone reduced 2-year mortality only in those with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min, which was reduced at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated rest heart rates in severe CHF identify a subgroup of patients who benefit from treatment with amiodarone. Amiodarone-induced heart rate slowing may be an important benefit for patients.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1999

Histoplasmosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis in northwestern Argentina III. Epidemiological survey in Vipos, La Toma, and Choromoro - Trancas, Tucumán, Argentina.

The present work was undertaken to obtain epidemiological data on the extent and distribution of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis diseases in the Vipos, La Toma and Choromoro areas. Skin test surveys with histoplasmin and paracoccidioidin were carried out in the permanent human population of those localities. Mycological sputum studies and serological tests were performed to skin test reactors to determine if there were signs or symptoms of active mycotic disease. La Toma and Choromoro are highly prevalent areas of histoplasmosis (>30% the histoplasmin positive individuals) whereas Vipos can be relatively considered a highly prevalent area (between 20-30% the histoplasmin reactors) according to the normally accepted range used to define an endemic disease [2]. Early Histoplasma capsulatum infection (<10 years old) is reported for Vipos and Choromoro. La Toma has the highest rate of previous exposure to P. brasiliensis detected in the studied area (10.2%). Vipos residents are not infected with P. brasiliensis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Morbidity and mortality following early administration of amiodarone in acute myocardial infarction. GEMICA study investigators, GEMA Group, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Grupo de Estudios Multicéntricos en Argentina.

AIMS: The objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of intravenous and oral amiodarone on morbidity and mortality in patients during the first hours after the onset of an acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort of 1073 patients admitted to the CCU within 24 h of the onset of symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction and heart failure (Killip and Kimball A-B) were randomized to receive amiodarone (n=542) or placebo (n=531) for 6 months. Because of the higher mortality, on an interim analysis, from a 'high dose' of amiodarone or placebo (516 patients) the protocol was changed to a 'low dose' or placebo (557 patients). Mortality with high doses of amiodarone was 16.30% vs 10.16% in the placebo group (P=0.04), whereas mortality with low doses was 6.61% vs 9.47% in the control group (P=0.20). Several non-fatal adverse effects were observed in 108 and 73 patients treated with amiodarone and placebo, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that early administration of amiodarone in low doses to patients with an acute myocardial infarction may be used only if life-threatening arrhythmia justify its prescription. Conversely, when given in high doses, it might increase mortality.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1991

Cancer in migrants to Argentina.

Mortality rates from different cancers in migrants to Argentina from 11 individual countries and 6 groups of countries were compared with those in the Argentina-born population and in their countries of origin. Almost all countries of origin had higher mortality rates from gastric cancer than Argentina, but the risk declines in migrants, and for European migrants becomes similar to that of the Argentina-born. In contrast, mortality from oesophageal cancer is significantly lower in European countries than in Argentina. For cancer of the colon and breast, most countries have lower mortality rates than the Argentina-born, the exceptions being Uruguay and Germany, and migrants demonstrate a convergence of risk towards that of Argentina-born. These results suggest that migrants to Argentina undergo changes in some environmental exposure, probably dietary, which give rise to substantial alterations in cancer risk within their lifespan.

Argentina↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mortality and morbidity from moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in Argentina.

UNLABELLED: After adopting the Guidelines for the Management of Severe Head Injury, critical care physicians in Argentina reduced the mortality rate of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is no in-hospital or postdischarge rehabilitation services for persons with TBI in Argentina. Thus, severely disabled survivors were being discharged to home without follow-up or long-term care. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this project were to establish a structure for conducting research about TBI in Argentina, and to conduct a prospective, observational study of outcomes from TBI in hospitals that had adopted the acute care guidelines. The goal was to document outcomes for people treated in a medical system that does not provide TBI rehabilitation. The focus of this report is mortality and morbidity during the acute care and hospital ward treatment of TBI in Argentina. METHODS: We established a data-collection system in 5 hospitals in Argentina, using instruments and protocols developed by the NIDRR-funded TBI Model System program. Data-collection intervals were established to be comparable with intervals used in the TBI Model System program. The Argentine team consists of 11 neurocritical care physicians and 1 project manager/translator. All patient evaluation, data collection and entry, quality control, and local administration were conducted by this group. RESULTS: Over 31 months, 278 patients were entered into the study. Approximately 61% were discharged from acute care directly to home. The in-hospital mortality rate was 31%. Seventy-six percent of expired patients died from secondary complications such as sepsis and pneumonia, and 93% while in the hospital. DISCUSSION: TBI is a major public health concern in Argentina. However, rehabilitation for TBI is not a part of this country's medical system. The greatest proportion of expired patients in the Argentine sample died of secondary complications such as pneumonia or sepsis, which may have been avoided employing basic medical rehabilitation. The next research questions to be addressed in this population should be designed to identify solutions to the immediate need for rehabilitation, including treatment efficacy questions as well as questions about systems for delivering treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Peroral susceptibility of Aedes albifasciatus and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Argentina to western equine encephalitis virus.

The transmission cycle of western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus in South America is unknown. A WEE virus strain was isolated from Aedes albifasciatus in Argentina during the WEE epizootic of 1982-83. Also, Culex pipiens from Argentina was reported to be able to transmit WEE virus experimentally, but other results indicate that Cx. pipiens from the USA is refractory to this virus. We determined the susceptibility of Argentina strains of Ae. albifasciatus and Culex pipiens complex mosquitos to infection by WEE virus by the oral route. Adult females were fed on chicks infected with a WEE virus strain isolated in Cordoba Province, Argentina, or were fed on a blood/virus suspension. Each mosquito ingested between 10(1.6) to 10(6.4) vero cell plaque-forming units of virus. Each of 28 Ae. albifasciatus was positive for virus from the fourth day postfeeding, and there was evidence for virus replication. In contrast, 0/44 Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and only 1/15 Cx. p. pipiens was positive. Aedes albifasciatus is susceptible to infection by WEE virus and should be considered a potential vector of this virus in Argentina. Both subspecies of Cx. pipiens are refractory to peroral infection by WEE virus and probably do not play a role in the WEE virus cycle in Argentina.

Aedes↗
PubMed1997

[Sanitary conditions for the production of beef cattle in Argentina].

Meat production is extremely important for the economy of Argentina, and represents 35%-40% of all national agricultural production. Cattle are distributed throughout the country, with the highest density in the Pampa region, which hosts 66% of the national herd and produces 80% of the total meat production in Argentina. This region has a long tradition of livestock rearing, and the practice of rotation between agriculture and animal husbandry ensures an ecological equilibrium. Meat production in Argentina is based on the exploitation of natural resources, with traditional extensive grazing, which offers advantages when compared with other countries. The composition of meat depends on factors such as breed and age, and on the diet of the animals. The authors demonstrate that meat produced under extensive grazing conditions in Argentina has less intramuscular fat and cholesterol than that produced in intensive systems which have a grain-rich diet. The authors analyse the situation of the country with regard to diseases which can be transmitted by meat and which might affect public health, particularly bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), brucellosis, tuberculosis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, colibacillosis and taeniosis. The fact that Argentina is free from BSE is emphasised, and the prevention programmes which have been implemented to control other diseases are described. In addition, the authors discuss tests which are conducted to detect the presence of residues of chemical contaminants in meat. Emphasis is given to the quality of infrastructure, equipment and operation of the mechanised meat-processing plants, which guarantee the hygienic safety of the products. The authors conclude that meat and meat products from Argentina offer a high level of safety for consumers.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1978

The duration of latent infection and functional immunity in droughtmaster and hereford cattle following natural infection with Babesia argentina and Babesia bigemina.

Tne Droughtmaster and 9 Hereford cattle were born in an enzootic babesiasis area and became naturally infected with Babesia argentina and B.bigemina during a 3 year period. They were then kept free of cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus) for the remainder of the experiment. Annually for the next 3 years their individual infection status with Babesia was determined by sub-inoculation of blood into splenectomised calves. At the end of this period the functional immunity of all cattle was challenged by blood inoculation of heterologous strains of B. argentina and B. bigemina. Infection with B. argentina persisted in all Herefords for 2 years and in 7 for 3 years after they had been freed of B. microplus. The number of Droughtmasters with detectable B. argentina infection progressively declined, and at the end of 3 years only 2 of 10 were still infected. No Herefords were shown to be infected with B. bigemina following 1 year's freedom from B. microplus but latent B. bigemina infection of at least 2 year's duration was demonstrated in one of the Droughtmasters. A marked degree of resistance was apparent in all cattle when they were challenged with an heterologous strain of B. argentina. There were no differences between the response to challenge of the Herefords and Droughtmasters nor between the reactions of cattle which had apparently naturally sterilised B. argentina infection and those which were still infected. The heterologous strain of B. bigemina produced parasitaemia in the majority of animals but only minimal fever and anaemia resulted with no significant differences between the breeds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Trichinellosis in Argentina: an historical review.

In Argentina, Trichinella infection in pigs is endemic. The first report of human trichinellosis in Argentina was from 1898 in Buenos Aires. The number of human cases increased from 908, between 1971 and 1981, to 6,919, between 1990 and 2002. In pigs slaughtered in official establishments, the prevalence of Trichinella infection was 0.46% in 1914 and 0.01--0.03% during the period 1990--2004. T. spiralis is typically found in the domestic cycle that includes pigs, humans and rodents. Trichinella spp. from a sylvatic cycle has also caused human outbreaks resulting from the consumption of meat from puma, armadillo and wild boar. European migration to Argentina (principally Spanish and Italian) during the first years of the 20th century brought the tradition of preparing and eating raw sausages. This increased the risk of human exposure to Trichinella. Detection in pigs was initially made at slaughter by compression of muscle tissue (trichinoscopy) and continued this way until 1996, when artificial digestion was adopted for use in preventing human trichinellosis in Argentina. The following report synopsizes the evolution of trichinellosis in Argentina over the past century.

Animals↗