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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Serological analysis of two complex Salmonella respectively Arizona O-groups (Salmonella O:48 and O:64 - Arizona O:5 and O:29) with the object of combining them into one Salmonella O-group 48 within the Kauffmann-White-schema (author's transl)].

In 1963 KAUFFMANN divided O-group Y (= O:48) of the KAUFFMANN-WHITE-Schema into 3 sub-groups, e.g. 481, 482 - S. dahlem; 481, 482, 483 - S. djakarta; 481, 483, 484 = Citrobacter no. 2624/36. He also recommended the use of the two serotypes S. dahlem and S. djakarta for the preparation of a diagnostic group-serum. At that time, serological relations- especially O-antigenic relations (and even some identities) - between the separate Salmonella and Arizona genera were known, viz. between the Salmonella group 0:48 and the Arizona group O:5. It has now been found that there exist also close serological relations between the Salmonella O-groups 48 and 64 on the one hand and to the corresponding Arizona O-groups 5 and 29 on the other hand, in connection with which the special factor 484 defined by KAUFMANN in the Citrobacter culture no. 2624 embraces the whole Salmonella group O:64 (= Arizona group O:29). Therefore, every Salmonella O:64 strain and Arizona O:29 serotype respectively can be agglutinated with factorserum 484, defined by KAUFFMANN. A special O:64 serum is no longer required. The Salmonella antigen 64 (Ar. 29 or 5.29) has a rule the partial antigens 481, 483, 484 (= Ar. 5,29). Only a few serotypes do not possess factor 483; their components are 481 and 484 (= Ar. 29). The evidence of our findings demonstrates that the Salmonella O-group 64 (= Arizona 29) should be combined with O-group 48 (Ar. 5) and erased from the original Kauffmann-White-Schema and the Arizona Antigenic Schema to avoid a wrong diagnosis.

Absorption↗
PubMed1993

An autosomal factor from Drosophila arizonae restores normal spermatogenesis in Drosophila mojavensis males carrying the D. arizonae Y chromosome.

Males of Drosophila mojavensis whose Y chromosome is replaced by the Y chromosome of the sibling species Drosophila arizonae are sterile. It is shown that genetic material from the fourth chromosome of D. arizonae is necessary and sufficient, in single dose, to restore fertility in these males. In introgression and mapping experiments this material segregates as a single Mendelian factor (sperm motility factor, SMF). Light and electron microscopy studies of spermatogenesis in D. mojavensis males whose Y chromosome is replaced by introgression with the Y chromosome of D. arizonae (these males are symbolized as mojYa) revealed postmeiotic abnormalities all of which are restored when the SMF of D. arizonae is co-introgressed (these males are symbolized as mojYaSMFa). The number of mature sperm per bundle in mojYaSMFa is slightly less than in pure D. mojavensis and is even smaller in males whose fertility is rescued by introgression of the entire fourth chromosome of D. arizonae. These observations establish an interspecific incompatibility between the Y chromosome and an autosomal factor (or more than one tightly linked factors) that can be useful for the study of the evolution of male hybrid sterility in Drosophila and the genetic control of spermatogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence and deaths caused by smoking in Arizona: results from the Arizona tobacco policy simulation model.

Arizona was one of the first few states to implement a comprehensive tobacco control program. The effect of that program is examined using a computer-simulation model (SimSmoke) developed for the purposes of evaluation, planning, and justifying policies. This approach assesses the impact to date of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and generates predictions about the effects of tobacco control policies on past and future smoking prevalence and associated future premature mortality. SimSmoke estimates indicate that tobacco control policies reduced smoking rates in Arizona by about 20 percent over the period 1993-2002. A previous CDC study obtains similar effects, but does not net out the effects of individual policies. SimSmoke attributes much of the reduction, about 61 percent, to price increases and attributes 38 percent of the overall effect to media policies, leaving only a small percentage of the smoking reductions attributed to quitlines, youth access policies, and the weak clean air laws. Tobacco control policies implemented as comprehensive strategies have significantly affected smoking rates in Arizona, which leads to large reductions in deaths attributable to smoking. It will be important to maintain these efforts over time to reduce or keep smoking prevalence down and to minimize smoking-attributable deaths.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae O50 (Arizona 9a,9b).

On the basis of sugar and methylation analysis, selective removal of 3,6-dideoxy-L-xylohexose (colitose, Col), 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 1D NOE, 2D COSY, and 2D H-detected 1H, 13C heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC), the following structure of the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae O50 (Arizona 9a,9b) was established: [sequence: see text] The O-antigen studied includes a trisaccharide fragment alpha-Co1p-(1-->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc, which is a colitose ('3-deoxy-L-fucose') analogue of the Lewis (precursor) blood group antigen.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1994

The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Salmonella arizonae O21 (Arizona 22) containing N-acetylneuraminic acid.

The O-specific polysaccharide of S. arizonae O21 was found to contain 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-acetamidino-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and O-acetyl groups. On the basis of 1H and 13C NMR studies of the intact and O-deacetylated polysaccharide and oligosaccharide fragments obtained by solvolysis with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, partial methanolysis and partial hydrolysis, it was concluded that the O-specific polysaccharide has the following structure: [formula: see text]

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1987

[Antigenic bacterial polysaccharides. 24. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of Salmonella arizonae 063 (Arizona 08) lipopolysaccharide].

The O-specific polysaccharide chain of the Salmonella arizonae O63 lipopolysaccharide is composed of D-glucose, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (Fuc3NAc) residues in the ratio 1:1:2:1. On the basis of methylation analysis and calculations of 13C-NMR-spectra of the polysaccharide and of the product of its selective cleavage with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, the linear polymer lacking 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxygalactose, it was concluded that the polysaccharide has the following structure: (Formula: see text).

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

[The structure of O-specific polysaccharide chains of lipopolysaccharides from Citrobacter 032 and Salmonella arizonae 064 (Arizona 29)].

On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation, Smith degradation, selective cleavage with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, and 13C NMR analysis, the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of Citrobacter O32 was concluded to have the following structure: (Formula: see text). The repeating unit of the Salmonella arizonae O64 O-specific polysaccharide has the same structure lacking the O-acetyl group.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Computer analysis of the structure of branched O-specific polysaccharide of Salmonella arizonae O63 (Arizona 08) from 13C-NMR data].

A computerised approach to the structural analysis of branched regular polysaccharides on the basis of the 13C NMR spectra is described. Deviations from additivity of the glycosidation effects for the monosaccharides arranged in branch points are taken into account. The approach has been verified by using data on bacterial polysaccharide of S. arizonae 063.

Antigens, Bacterial↗