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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Genomic study for pregnancy loss in Brahman cattle.

Reproduction has major influence on productivity of beef cattle operations. Maintaining an animal in the herd for an extended period without producing a marketable product can result in significant economic losses, compromising the efficiency of the production system. Understanding genetic variation's role in pregnancy loss (PL) is crucial for improving reproductive success in cattle. Identifying genomic regions that influence embryo and fetal survival, as well as pinpointing candidate genes associated with PL, can enhance breeding strategies. The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and investigate genetic factors associated with PL in Brahman cattle. Phenotypic records consisted of 29,905 pregnancy (28,691) and abortion (1,214) records from nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous cows. A total of 921 animals were genotyped using a medium-density SNP chip (∼52K markers). Variance components were estimated using a threshold model to assess the binary response to PL through a single-step genomic BLUP procedure. The heritability estimate for PL was low (0.11), but the presence of genetic variance suggests that selection for improved reproductive performance is feasible. Genome-wide association analyses identified 17 candidate regions containing 92 genes. Regions on BTA4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, and 29 harbored genes associated with embryonic development and implantation, fertilization, G protein-coupled receptors, embryonic brain development, olfactory receptor activity, and calcium signaling. Orthologous genes were also identified in humans (Homo sapiens), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and mice (Mus musculus). The candidate regions reported in this study provide insights for identifying and selecting animals with improved reproductive performance, ultimately enhancing the productivity of Brahman cattle. Moreover, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying pregnancy retention in beef cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

T-strain mucoplasmas and reproductive failure in monkeys.

T-strain mycoplasmas were isolated from the genital tracts of 3 genera of female monkeys: the talapoins, Miopithecas talapoin, the patas, Erythrocebus patas, and the macaques, Macaca fascicularis. The talapoins have not reproduced successfully for the past 2 yr. Fertility in the patas has also been reduced, with a high incidence of stillbirths and spontaneous abortions. The macaques were not permitted to breed.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

[E. coli enterotoxicosis in unweaned piglets. IV. Evaluation of results obtained on using an adjuvant vaccine in the field (author's transl)].

The results obtained on using an adjuvant vaccine against enterotoxaemia caused by E. coli in suckling piglets are discussed on the basis of an inquiry conducted among a number of veterinary practitioners. The vaccine contains the OK groups O138:K81,K88, O141:K85ab and O149:K91,K88 and is administered parenterally to the dams during the latter half of gestation. The inquiry which covered 4,000 sows on fifty-five farms showed that, as regards diarrhoea during the first week of life, morbidity in the offspring of vaccinated sows decreased from 83 per cent to 6 per cent and that mortality dropped from 23 per cent to 0.3 per cent. Clinical results were slightly less satisfactory where diarrhoea during the second and third weeks of life was concerned. The importance of serological typing prior to vaccination is stressed. Abortion occurred in 0.5 per cent of the vaccinated sows within three days after vaccination. The question is raised whether there is a relationship between this vaccination and abortion.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1977

Reproductive failure in the pig: diagnosis and control.

An approach to reproductive failure in pigs, based on the regular collection and analysis of performance records is proposed. Inovlvement at this level gives veterinary surgeons familiarity with herd mangement and economics. The use of control charts to monitor performance is also advocated for detecting problems as they arise. When failure occurs, a stage-by-stage clinical investigation of the whole breeding programme is advisable. Post mortem studies may also be useful in detecting specific pathological changes. Diagnostic tests should only be used to confirm diagnoses. Having established the source and extent of the failure, and its likely cost, if uncorrected, appropriate measures can be considered. Three principal methods of control are discussed.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1975

Equine infectious respiratory disease.

During the past 20 years the equine population of Great Britain and Ireland has increased with the result that the practising veterinary surgeon is more frequently called upon to advise on equine problems. A significant portion of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of respiratory disease. Numerous pathogens, which include viruses, bacteria, parasites and moulds invade the respiratory tract causing similar signs of illness. It is therefore difficult to provide an aetiological diagnosis based on a clinical examination. Field studies supported by laboratory investigations have established that influenza and herpes viruses are frequently responsible for outbreaks of disease. Epidemiological studies suggest that other factors including the immune state of the equine population influence the distribution and severity of respiratory disease. The aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of equine infectious respiratory disease are discussed below.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

Suspected Sarcocystis infections of the bovine placenta and foetus.

Protozoan parasites resembling Sarcocystis schizonts were found in the brains of 2 bovine foetuses and the placentas of another 4. As typical of Sarcocystis, the organisms were located mainly within vascular endothelial cells, and frequently the zoites within the schizonts were arranged in a rosette or palisade fashion. Pathological changes noted were placentitis, myocarditis, pulmonary vasculitis and encephalitis. Attempts to demonstrate Toxoplasma by animal inoculation and serology were unsuccessful.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

Epizootic congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle: isolation of Akabane virus from affected fetuses.

Previous serolgoical studies strongly suggested Akabane virus to be the etiologic agent of epizootic abortion and congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly in cattle, and this view was further corroborated in this study by the isolation of the virus from an aborted fetus in an epizootic of the disease and from a fetus extracted froma cow which was suggested by serologic tests to have a recent infection with the virus. The latter fetus had histological changes of encephalomyelitis and polymyositis, and specific antigens of Akabane virus was shown by the immunofluorescent technique in brain tissues as well as skeletal muscular tissues. The virus was recovered from various fetal tissues and fluids, and in relatively large amounts from brain, spinal cord, cerebral fluid, skeletal muscles and fetal placenta. The intracranial inoculation of suckling mice, 1-2 days of age, was the most sensitive system for Akabane virus isolation and HmLu-1, a continuous cell line from hamster lung, seemed almost as sensitive as suckling mice.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1977

Q fever and animal abortion in Cyprus.

Seventy-eight British soldiers stationed in the Eastern Sovereign Base Area (ESBA) in Cyprus contracted Q fever in the period December 1974 to June 1975. Pneumonia developed in 59% of cases. Of 31 patients tested, 81% had biochemical evidence of hepatitis although only one became clinically jaundiced. Three patients (4%) suffered pericarditis. Treatment with tetracycline had no apparent effect on the course of the disease. Investigation revealed an abortion epidemic involving 21 mixed flocks of sheep and goats in the south-eastern coastal region. 11 of the flocks grazed in and around the ESBA. A serological survey of 10 affected flocks, and evidence collected from previous years, indicated that the abortion epidemic was the result of infection with Coxiella burneti. Infection in the humans was almost certainly acquired by inhalation of dust from brush contaminated with rickettsial parturition products of the aborting flocks. A human serological survey revealed a number of cases of subclinical Q fever in a susceptivle military population, and an asymptomatic epidemic in a largely immune local position.

Abortion, Veterinary↗